四级完型简答.doc

四级完形填空[1]
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Passage 1
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the tewentieth century. __1__ in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was __2__ on both sides with many __3__ businesses. Here shopper walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: colthing, furniture, hardware, groceries. __4__, some shops offered __5__. These shops included drugstores, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. __6__ in the 1950s, a change began to __7__. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street __8__ too few parking places were __9__ shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces __10__ the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is that they got __11__ the first shopping center was built. Shopping center, __12__ malls, started as a collection of small new stores __13__ congested city centers. __14__ by hundreds of free parking spaces customers were drawn away from __15__ areas to our lying malls. And the growing __16__ of shopping centers led __17__ to the building of bigger and better-stocked stores __18__ the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the __19__ of one shop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, __20__ benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.[Explaination]
1. A)As early as B)Early C)Early as D)Earlier[ANSWER]
2. A)built B)designed C)intended D)lined[ANSWER]
3. A)variable B)various C)sorted D)mixed-up[ANSWER]
4. A)As well B)Beside C)In addition D)Apart from[ANSWER]
5. A)medical care B)food C)services D)cosmetics[ANSWER]
6. A)Suddenly B)Abruptly C)Contrarily D)But[ANSWER]
7. A)be taking place B)take place C)be taken place D)have taken place[ANSWER]
8. A)while B)yet C)though D)and then[ANSWER]
9. A)used by B)ready for C)available for D)available to[ANSWER]
10. A)over B)from C)out of D)outside[ANSWER]
11. A)when B)while C)since D)then[ANSWER]
12. A)that as B)or rather C)or D)and[ANSWER]
13. A)out of B)naxt to C)away from D)near[ANSWER]
14. A)Attracted B)Surprised C)delighted D)Obsessed[ANSWER]
15. A)inner B)central C)shopping D)downtown[ANSWER]
16. A)fame B)distinction C)popularity D)liking[ANSWER]
17. A)on B)in turn C)by turns D)further[ANSWER]
18. A)By B)During C)In D)To[ANSWER]
19. A)cheapness B)convenience C)readiness D)handiness[ANSWER]
20. A)because B)and C)with D)provided[ANSWER]
Passage 2
Traveling can be fun and easy. A vacation trip to another part of the country is especially __1__ when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions __2__ (1) a comfortable and familiar mode of transportation,(2) knowledge of the __3__ language and system of money, (3) __4__ in the customs and habits of the people in the country, and (4) nice travel __5__. All of us have had nice trips like this. We have good __6__ of an enjoyable, relaxing trip.
Most of us have also had trips that we would __7__ to forget. Many conditions can produce a bad __8__ experience.For example, if the four conditions __9__ above do not __10__, we will probably have a bad experience,or at a difficult __11__. students who travel to __12__ country to study often have a difficult trip. They usually travel __13__, they don't know the language of the new country __14__, they are not familiar with the money system and so on. They often arrive in the new country at a huge __15__ airport. From the airport,they need to __16__ their way to the city where their school is. Maybe they need to __17__ airplanes, to take a bus, a train, or a taxi. They need to do all this in a country __18__ everything is unfamiliar: the language, the money, the people, the cities, and the weather. Later, after the experiences are __19__, they can laugh. But at the __20__, they feel terrible.[Explaination]
1. A)enjoyable B)amusing C)happy D)favorable[ANSWER]
2. A)include B)exclude C)conclude D)contain[ANSWER]
3. A)place's B)country's C)area's D)city's[ANSWER]
4. A)awareness B)understand C)familiar D)familiarity[ANSWER]
5. A)friends B)companions C)colleagues D)company[ANSWER]
6. A)memories B)impressions C)opinions D)pictures[ANSWER]
7. A)like B)have C)want D)need[ANSWER]
8. A)trip B)tour C)travel D)visit[ANSWER]
9. A)outlined B)talked C)discussed D)listed[ANSWER]
10. A)take place B)happen C)exist D)appear[ANSWER]
11. A)one B)that C)condition D)situation[ANSWER]
12. A)different B)another C)foreign D)other[ANSWER]
13. A)along B)alone C)lonely D)themselves[ANSWER]
14. A)yet B)too C)either D)already[ANSWER]
15. A)national B)international C)domestic D)local[ANSWER]
16. A)watch B)notice C)see D)find[ANSWER]
17. A)get off B)board C)take D)change[ANSWER]
18. A)where B)when C)that D)which[ANSWER]
19. A)end B)complete C)over D)gone[ANSWER]
20. A)airport B)country C)time D)day[ANSWER]
Passage 3
Nature has a prefect system for recycling water. Water is used again and again .It falls as rain.__1__ it goes one of three places. It might seep slowly through the soil __2__ it soaks through into the natural reservoirs __3__. It might disappear into the air by __4__ quickly. It might __5__ into streams to rivers and to the oceans.
There is a problem __6__ this recycling system. It is a balance that can be easily __7__ by people. Nature's recycling system can work well __8__ people work with the system-not __9__ it. Some ways that people __10__ with nature are easy __11__. Dirty sewagewater from homes and factories must not __12__ with drinking water. People would get sick from drinking dirty water.
__13__ other ways that people hinder nature. Some of these ways are not so easy to understand. __14__, a marshy bog may not be good for everything, but it __15__ an important purpose. The soft, wet soil of a bog __16__ water to reachthe underground reservoirs. What happens to the balance of nature if the bog is filled in? Many housing development projects have been built __17__ marshes once were. The __18__ of the houses are likely to have problems. They are likely to __19__ water, to flood in __20__ seasons. Huge storm sewers are built to carry away with the water from wet areas. These huge pipes prevent wet basements in the houses of teh community.
1. A)Therefore B)Then C)Consequently D)Nevertheless[ANSWER]
2. A)because B)if C)after D)as[ANSWER]
3. A)in underground B)below underground C)underground D)undergroundly[ANSWER]
4. A)evaporating B)being evaporated C)having been evaporatedD)being evaporated[ANSWER]
5. A)run down B)run away C)run off D)run through[ANSWER]
6. A)of B)with C)through D)from[ANSWER]
7. A)upset B)created C)discovered D)invented[ANSWER]
8. A)only before B)unless C)although D)only if[ANSWER]
9. A)by B)for C)over D)against[ANSWER]
10. A)accord B)concern C)interfere D)intervence[ANSWER]
11. A)to be understoodB)understanding C)to understand D)being understood[ANSWER]
12. A)separate B)clean C)mix D)filter[ANSWER]
13. A)There are B)They is C)These are D)Those are[ANSWER]
14. A)To start with B)To name just a fewC)For example D)In contrast[ANSWER]
15. A)produces B)serves C)maintains D)keeps[ANSWER]
16. A)forbids B)discourages C)prevents D)allows[ANSWER]
17. A)there B)where C)which D)what[ANSWER]
18. A)basis B)base C)basic D)basements[ANSWER]
19. A)come up with B)fill up with C)disagree with D)finish with[ANSWER]
20. A)dry B)snowy C)rainy D)misty[ANSWER]
[Explaination of passage 1]
B) 答此题应首先结合四个选择提供信息正确理解题句。根据题句意思，此处应选择能构成“早在1900年”意义的选项。D)Earlier 的意思是“在之前”而且需跟“than”搭配，首先排除．As early as 和 Early as不与“in”搭配．因此只有B)Early符合题意与用法．
D) 此题虽然属词语型试题，但仍应从题句意思理解下手，因为从语法提供的信息看，was 和四个选择都可构成被动语态．但读完全句，就发现只有“was lined on both sides with many business．”(街道两旁有各种店铺)才具有意义。如果看完此句仍不太清楚题句意思；不要急于选择或猜测，应继续往下看．只需再看一两句，就可明白 “business”指的是店铺．根据“on both sides”这一提示，联想到“排列两旁”这一常用表达法 “be lined on both sides with …”．而be built／designed／intended正常后接for sth。或to do sth。此处不适用．加大此题难度的另一因素是该句子中有2)、3)两处填空．其实，遇到这类情况，不必慌张，先观察空3)的四个选项所提供的信息，得知3)处只需填一形容词做定语，不影响整个句子的理解.
B) 词语型试题，虽然从语法角度看四个形容词均可做定语，但根据下文：“all sorts of” 和 “clothing，furniture，hardware，groceries．”等提示，只有various合乎题意．
C) 词语型试题．首先排除B)“Beside”．千万注意同“Besides”一个字母之差，意思截然不同．A)“As well”通常用在句末．“Apart from” 应后接宾语，但此句中空格后只有逗号，没有宾语．
C) 推断型试题．仅根据此句前三个词的信息，无法做出选择，须阅读下一句之后，综合“drug—stores，shoe—repair stores，and barber or hairdressing shops”提供的信息推断此处只有“services”才能涵盖药店,修鞋店和理发美发店这些内容。
D) 推断型试题．根据上文与下文的内容，可以推断此处需一表示转折的词语．虽然从语法结构看前三项选择都可填入空中，修饰整个句于，但是此处只有转折的意思，没有对比的需要，“Contrarily”首先排除、A)和B)是同义词，不可能同时选入．
B) 此题较简单，根据词语搭配常识，“begin to” 后应接动词原型的一般式．
A) 此题句虽然有两个空需要填，但第二个空不影响整句结构．而且此句有明显表对比的“Too many” 和“too few”信息．据此推断选A).
B) 词语型试题“used by”不符题句意思，首先排除．“ready for”似乎从语法角度，题句意思上看都还可以凑合，但对“available to”和“available for” 两个选择加以考虑就会意识到“available”才是最佳选择，然后进一步选中正确搭配 “available for”．
D) 词语型试题．主要考查学生对四个选择所给出的词语意义的理解．其中 “over”作介词用时，没有“在之外”的意思．“from” 和“1imit” 搭配之后不成意义．“out of”意为“出自”亦不符题句意思．
A) 推断型试题．此题句，意思要结合上一句才能理解．“空地是开汽车来采购的人们的需要．当首座商业中心建成，他们也就得到了空地．“while”虽然有时译做“当……”,但所引导的从句中通常用进行式．since表原因，then表结果，均与题意不符．
C) 答此题的考生如果知道单词ma11的意思，立刻会选中or但如果不认识该单词，也可根据选项所暗示“that is”“or rather”：“也就是”，“不如说是”，猜到几分这里“mall”就是“shopping center”的同义词．但“that is”前后需用逗号与句子隔开,“or rather”不用于介绍同义词语.
C) 根据上文意思，拥挤的城市中心已满足不了人们需要；那么新的shopping centre 就应在城区之外.首先排除B,D，而out of意为“出自”，不符题意.
A) 推断型试题．四个选择都合乎语法，但根据题句意思，推断顾客是被吸引到市中心外的购物中心的．
D) 无论是“inner”，还是“central”都不含有“市区中心”的意思，而若是填入“shopping area”题句就无法理解．只有“downtown”才是最佳选择．
C) fame和distinction显然不合题意.题句的意思是“购物中心越来越受欢迎．”liking是“兴趣，嗜好”也不适用此句。
B) 词语型试题。该空位置在“led to”这个引起结果的表达法之中；试填入“on”，破坏了原句的意思。试填入“in turn”，这个同样可以引出结果的表达法，无论意思上语法上都合符要求．再观察by turn，显然意思不对.further“进一步”虽然可以修饰“led to”，但全句意思中没有递进的提示，因此不能用．
A) 语法型试题．从语法上看。四个选项都可以同“the 1ate 1970s”搭配．从意思上看，就排除了“To”．再次观察题句，发现句中用了完成时态，而“By”+ 时间通常与完成时态相呼应，而“during”和“in”则不能．
B) 首先排除readiness和handiness,因为两词意义均与题句无关．再看上下文中从来不曾有对cheapness的任何提示，而convenience却同购物中心有关．
C) 语法型试题．这是典型的以with带名词做宾语的分词词组作状语．“because”应引导从句,此处不适合．最后几个名词benches，fountains，and outdoor entertainment是说明park里的设施的，不能用“and”这个表示并列关系的连词．provided意为“假如”，通常引导从句，无论从语法还是题意角度看都不能用。
[Explaination of passage 2]
A) “enjoyable”意为“giving you pleasure and satisfaction”．因此符合题意。“amusing”意为“funny and making you laugh and smile”.
A) “include”意为“包括”．“exclude”刚好意思相反，“conclude”意为“下结论”。“contain”意为“含有、容纳”。
B) 根据所修饰的短语“language and system of money”，只能是指一个国家·
D) “awareness”意为“意识到，觉悟”，后面搭配“of”，因此不妥．另外因为已知的并列成份都是名词，这里也需要名词，因此C)、B)两项均不妥．“familiarity”后面搭配“with”.
B) 句中“companions”意为“persons who with(伴、伙伴)”是可数名词．“company”可以表示“伙伴、来往的人”，但这是集体名词，是“伙伴”的总称．A)、C)两项意思不妥．
A) “memory”意为“something that is remembered；Something from the past stored in the memory”。而“impression”表示“effect produced on the mind of feeling”．C)、D)项意思不妥．
A) “would like”意为“want”，是比较客气的说法．因此我们不说“would want”．B)、D)两项意思不妥．
C) “travel”表示“旅行”．“trip”指去一个地方旅游，然后回来．“tour”是指去一个一个地方访问，旅游一圈．因此C)最妥当．
D) 从第一段看，上面列举了四个好条件．因此选用“listed(列举)”．
C) 从上下文的意思看应选C).
A) 句中“one”代替了“eperience”一词．“that”前不能加修饰语，因此B)项不妥．
B) 如要选用A)或C)。前面都要加不定冠词.
B) “alone”意为“by oneself without the company or help of others(单独地，独自地)”，而“lonely”意为“without companions； sad because one lack companions，sympathy，friendship(孤独的，孤单的，寂寞的)”．另外从结构上看，这儿需要副词；因此C)项不妥．
A) A)“yet”用于否定句中表示“up to the present time”.同否定连起来表示“到目前为止尚不……”．C)项用于否定句时，表示接别人的话，意为“也不”．B)、D)两项一般不与否定句连用．
B) B)因为这是一个新的国家，机场则是“international”。
D) “find one's way to ...”意为“找到／认得去...的路”，是习惯表达.
D) D)因为上文明确表示“arrive in the new country at a huge international airport”,因此要再继续做的也许是“to change airplanes,to take a bus...”等。
A) 选A)形成“where”引导的定语从句，修饰“country”.
C) 句中“experiences”表示“经历”,“over”意为“past, at an end”而“complete”意为“finished, done, whole”,因此不妥。A)若该成“ended”,也是正确答案。
C) “at the time”是表示“在当时”。
四级简短回答题[1]
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Short Answer Questions
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Passage 1
A man's skin is thicker than a woman's and not nearly as soft.The thickness prevents the sun's radiation from getting through,which is why men wrinkle less than women do.
Women have a thin layer of fat just under the skin and there is a plus(有利因素)to this greater fat reserve.It acts as an invisible fur coat to keep a woman warmer in the winter.
Women also stay cooler in summer.The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.
Men's fat is distributed differently.And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin.In fact,they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass.Forty-one percent of a man's body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women,which maens men have more muscle power.When it comes to strength,almost 90 percent of a man's weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman' weight.
The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight.Muscle burns up five more calories a pound than fat does just to maintain itself.So when a man goes on aa diet,the pounds roll off much faster.
For all men's muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do.They have more start-up energy,but the fat tucked away in women's nooks and crannies(隐匿处)provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.
Cardiologists(心脏病专家)at the University of Alabam