物理学史上最美的十个实验第四名.doc

物理学史上最美的十个实验第四名
Newton's decomposition of sunlight with a prism
 牛顿用棱镜分解太阳光

   Isaac Newton was born the year Galileo died. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1665, then holed up at home for a couple of years waiting out the plague. He had no trouble keeping himself occupied.
   The common wisdom held that white light is the purest form (Aristotle again) and that colored light must therefore have been altered somehow.
 To test this hypothesis, Newton shined a beam of sunlight through a glass prism and showed that it decomposed into a spectrum cast on the wall. People already knew about rainbows, of course, but they were considered to be little more than pretty aberrations. Actually, Newton concluded, it was these colors — red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet and the gradations in between — that were fundamental. What seemed simple on the surface, a beam of white light, was, if one looked deeper, beautifully complex.

艾萨克·牛顿出生那年，伽利略与世长辞。牛顿1665年毕业于剑桥大学的三一学院，后来因躲避鼠疫在家里呆了两年，后来顺利地得到了工作。
当时大家都认为白光是一种纯的没有其它颜色的光（亚里士多德就是这样认为的），而彩色光是一种不知何故发生变化的光。
为了验证这个假设，牛顿把一面三棱镜放在阳光下，透过三棱镜，光在墙上被分解为不同颜色，后来我们称作为光谱。人们知道彩虹的五颜六色，但是他们认为那是因为不正常。牛顿的结论是：正是这些红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫基础色有不同的色谱才形成了表面上颜色单一的白色光，如果你深入地看看，会发现白光是非常美丽的。