直接引语变间接引语讲解.doc

直接引语变间接引语
直接引语：妈妈说:“杰克是个好工人。”
Mother said :“Jack is a good worker.”
间接引语：妈妈说杰克是个好工人。
Mother said that Jack is a good worker.

一、 如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go shopping with me. ”
→She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?”
→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”
→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态；
She said,"I am a student. "
→ She said (that) she was a student.
2)一般将来时→过去将来时
She said, "He will go to see his friend."
→She said he would go to see his friend。
Tom said,"I am going to play basketball tomorrow."
→ Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.
3) 现在进行时→过去进行时；
She said ,“I am reading a book.”
→She said she was reading a book.
注意：以下几种情况时态 不变
①直接引语是客观真理。
The teacher said "The earth moves around the sun .”
→ The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jack said“I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”
Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，
变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." 
→Jack said he was born on April 2l, 1980.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said“I get up at six every morning.” 
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could, should, would, might）
The doctor said“You should stay in bed for 2 days.”
→ The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.”
和已经是过去时的形式时，例：ought to， had better, used to
Peter said. "You had better come here today." 
→Peter said I had better go there that day.
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”
（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before today变为 that day)
He said" I want to go swimming now. " 
→ He said he wanted to go swimming then.
地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，here 变 there
The teacher said " You should come here at 7:00." 
 →The teacher said I should go there at 7:00.
指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”
例：this 改为that
He said, "This book is mine." 
 →He said that book was his.
ago—before; this morning—that morning; Yesterday—the day before; tomorrow—the next day
next week—the following week/the next week; Yesterday morning—the morning before
谓语动词的变化:
直接引语:Must ;Come ;bring 间接引语:had to; go ;take
She said," I will come here this evening."
She said that she would go there that evening
四、 如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether或if引导的宾语从句.
He said, "Can you swim, John?"
  →He asked John if he could swim。
“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” 
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?”
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
She asked me, "What was Jack doing when I come in?”
→She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型 。
如：1."Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students.
  →She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. 
2.“Open the door, please," said she.
→She asked him to open the door.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）”如：
He said, "Let's go to the movies." 
→He suggested going to the movies.
或He suggested that they should go to see the movies.
巩固练习
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I have found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down
in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
She told me _______ _______ him the news.
15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.
He ______ ______ I was interested in ______.