托福作文写作方法.docx

中间段落的展开方法body5段式写法1） 开头段2） 中间段一3） 中间断二4） 反证段5） 结尾段连接词：第一：to start with, to begin with, first and foremost, initially, most obviously, etc.第二：moreover, additionally, in addition, whats more, besides, etc.第三：last but the least, (最后的但也同等重要的)furthermore, lastly, thirdly, etc.补：on the other hand=on the contrary 1. 例证法1)特例 67句 小A，小B，etc._sub-point（概括性）explanationexampleconclusion 常见错误：例子重点偏离，没有细节。 例子展开的细节应与分论点完全对应。Take / consider +n for an example, is a case in point, specifically, as an illustration, to demonstrate/illustrateetc.2)泛例 更具效率性sub-pointexplanationexamplecontrast3)数例2 dangerous =(补充：三分之一on third/ one out of three 五分之三：three fifths/ three out of five half/double/twice/triple/quarter2. 因果论证(需要细节)subpoint提出问题1+得出结论1 2+得出结论2（3+得出结论3）因果关系的表达原因（前果后因）as/since/for=因为+句子due to/as a result of/owing to /thanks to =because of +n结果（前因后果）hence/thus/therefore(因此)/consequently/as as consequence/as a result ,thereby+名词动名词 因此，为了for the sake of 为了in order to help in light of 考虑到，鉴于 by virtue of 通过 来=in view of in terms of 在方面其次：in addition/besides, whats more, also ,moreover再次:further, furthermore极端价值观题（问题中含有极端词）most , no denyetc. 思路：让步段disagree1.承认a好， 但不是最好唯一3. 某些条件下，b也好4. 某些条件下，c也好eg: The best way to learn about a foreign country is to read newspapers and magazines from the country.1. travel 2.betty museum 3.internet 4. Make more foreign friends3.对比论证 while, whereas, by/in contrast, on the contrary, rather than instead of ,conversely相反地, by the same token同理 ，etc.1） 今昔对比sub-pointcontrast 1contrast2concludingsub-pointcontrastexampleconcluding 2） 反面假设反例sub-point3） 对比事物双重否定表肯定1. 否定词no/not等表示否定意义的形容词nothing is impossible.no way is impossible to courage.it is not uncommon for kids to have friendly relationship with their peers.2. 否定词no/not/never 等without no smoke without fire.we cannot succeed without your help.nothing to be got without pains but poverty.3. 否定词no/not/never/nobody/few等具有否定意义的动词或短语there is no denying the truththe tart reply did not discomfort himin spite of the increased debts, few fail to repaythere is no victory without pains.nobody is entitled to enter the library without showing student idnot a student has access to the library without showing his student card.I do not think it is impossible for universities to give scholarship to each student.