名词性从句专讲专练.doc

名词性从句专讲专练
I．引导词
A． 连词：
that (没有实在意义，不充当句子成份)
whether （是否，不充当句子成份， 可以引导各类名词性从句，一般可以和or, or not 连用）
if （是否，不充当句子成份，引导宾语从句。 注意：它还可以引导条件状语从句，表“如果”）
as if （好像， 可引导表语从句。 注意： 它还可以引导方式状语从句。）
because (因为，可引导表语从句。它还可以引导原因状语从句。)
B．连接代词：
who （谁，在从句中作主语、表语）whom（谁，在从句中作宾语、表语）
whose 谁的， 在从句中作定语）
what（在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语时泛指事物，没有具体的含义，但作定语时可以翻译为“什么”； 另外，它还可以用来询问“价格，人口等”，表示“多少”）
which （哪一个/些， 在从句中充当宾语和定语，一般强调在某一范围内的（哪个//些….）
whoever (无论谁，在从句中作主语、表语) whomever (无论谁，在从句中作宾语)
whosever （无论谁的， 在从句中作定语）
whatever（在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语时可以翻译为“无论什么”）
whichever（无论哪一个/些,一般在从句中充当宾语,和定语，而且强调在某一范围中的“无论哪一个/些”）
C． 连接副词：(注意：所有的连接副词在从句中都是充当状语)
when（什么时候） where（哪里/在某处） why （为什么）
how （1.多么,后接形容词或副词；2.怎么样,如何,修饰动词,说明动作实行的方式）
how many（多少， 后接可数名词）how much （多少， 接不可数名词）
how long（多长，指时间，回答可用“for+一段时间”）how far（多远，指路程或距离）
how soon（多快，指时间，回答可用“in+一段时间”）how fast (多快，指速度)
however （1、无论多么， 后接形容词； 2、 怎么样， 如何， 修饰动词，说明动作实行的方式）
wherever (无论哪里) whenever （无论何时//什么时候）
Cf. no matter how no matter where no matter when
只能引导让步状语从句
II. 各类名词性复合句的句型结构特点：
A．主语从句：主语从句 + 主句的谓语动词 + （宾语）+ 状语或其他
That he failed the math exam surprised all of us.
Whether we’ll go out for an outing depends on the weather.
B．宾语从句： a. 主句的主语 +主句的谓语动词 （vt. // vi. +prep./adv.）+宾语从句
Have you decided which subject you are going to choose?
He asked me how soon we would finish the work.
b. 主句的主语 +主句的谓语 +其他 + 介词 +宾语从句
The soldiers stood there still except that his lips were moving.
What we eat now is very different from what we used to eat.
C．表语从句： 主句的主语 +主句的谓语动词be //link v. +表语从句
The question is whether our meeting should be put off.
He is a lazy boy and that is why he is always late for school.
D．同位语从句： 抽象名词 + 同位语从句（一般用that引导-----陈述语气）
常见的抽象名词有：truth fact news information idea// viewpoint------have an idea----陈述语气have no idea---疑问语气 problem question belief faith order command request requirement demand suggestion advice proposal insistence fear hope wish
The question whether he will come or not is not settled.
Do you have any idea when he will set off? I didn’t know the fact that he was angry until you told me.
III. 各类从句的特定句型：
1） 主语从句：用it 作形式主语的句型
a. It + be + adj.//n. +主语从句
** It is natural // important // necessary // surprising // strange // funny + that 引导的主语从句，从句的谓语动词可以用 (should) + do // be done 的形式
It is natural that we should learn English well. It is natural that you (should) forget it first.
It is important that we (should) keep the balance of nature. It is strange that you (should) say no.
b. It + be + V.(p.p.) +主语从句
It is requested that Miss Wang (should) give a speech at the meeting.
It is suggested that we (should) have a meeting next week.
It is ordered that we (should) go to the place where we are needed best.
c. It (so) + happened +主语从句
It so happened that I was at the spot at that time. It happened that I was out that day.
d. It + matters //mattered (much//little) +主语从句
It matters much whether you are determined or not if you want to succeed.
e. It + doesn’t//didn’t matter +主语从句 It doesn’t matter whether we have money or not..
f. It + seems//seemed (to sb) + adj.//n. + 主语从句
It seems to me quite strange that he should be so rude to his classmates.
g. It + depends +主语从句
It depends whether we can do it with fewer workers and less money.
h. It is no wonder + that主语从句
It is no wonder that he got high marks in the exam. It is no wonder that you misunderstood him.
i. It makes no // little // great … difference +主语从句
It won’t make any difference whether she will accept the invitation or not.
It made great difference whether he would come to my birthday party or not.
2） 宾语从句：用it 作形式宾语的句型
a. make// find// feel // think // consider // believe // suppose + adj. // n. +宾语从句
I never believe it true that he is dishonest. I think it wrong that the young don’t respect the old.
You’d better make it clear that you are only a boy.
b. 主句的主语 + 主句的谓语 + it +宾语从句 Never depend on it that God will help you.
I hate it when people speak with their mouth full. I dislike it when he spoke to me like that.
Why don’t you bring it to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
1. It depends on +宾语从句—Could you do me a favor? —It depends on what  it is.
2.主句的主语 + 主句的谓语 + it +宾语从句 I heard it said that he was killed in the battle.
3） 表语从句：
a. It looks/looked as if-clause
It looks as if // as though someone were running after her now.
It looks as if // she would live another 100 years.
b. It seems//seemed that-clause It seems that he is very disappointed.
c. It appears//appeared that-clause
It appeared that he could do everything possible to help the poor.
d. That’s//This is +表语从句 That is what I wanted to say to you.
e. It is because…
If you asked me why I fired you, I would say that it was all because you were as lazy as a pig.
4) 同位语从句：
a. have no idea +同位语从句
Sorry, I really have no idea where she lives. Have you any idea when she is leaving for Beijing?
b. have an idea + that引导同位语从句I have an idea that she won’t leave me whatever happens.
c. there is no need// no doubt + that引导同位语从句
There is no need that you worry about his safety, you see, he is a big boy now.
There is no doubt that he is devoted to you.
d. there is (great) doubt + 同位语从句 There is great doubt who have stolen the car .
e. Word came +that引导同位语从句 (为了使句子结构更加平衡，抽象名词作主语而后面接有一个同位语从句时，往往把同位语从句后置。)
Word came that the playground in our school would be replaced by a gym.
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.
IV. 注意问题
1. 语气问题：
所谓肯定语气就是从句本身不缺少任何句子成分，只需要连接词that 就可以表达一个完整的意思； 而所谓的疑问语气则是指主句本身包含有疑问的、或不清楚、不肯定的、或还没有决定等意向，或者是从句还需要某个带疑问语气的连接词来充当某个句子成分才能表达一个完整的意义或概念，这时不能用that来引导从句。（一般说来，ever类词和that 都是表达肯定语气的选择。）
Who stole the necklace will be found out soon. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
I don’t know whether he’ll come to our help. That Japan lies east of China is known to us all.
That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
That people spend so much money on their pets surprises us a lot.
2. 语序问题：凡是从句都应该用陈述的语序。
The manager asked what was the matter // the trouble. The manager asked what was wrong.
The teacher asked who had broken the window. (_上面三句话的引导词都充当主语，语序不变。)
The teacher asked why Tom hadn’t turned up.
3.主谓一致：一般说来，单个的主语从句做主语，主句的谓语动词用单数。
主语从句巩固性练习：
1 ______ they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars.
A. That B. What C. What D. That
2．_____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
3. ______ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
4. ______ surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well..
A. That B. What C. Where D. When
5. _______ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.
A. If…do B. That…do C. If…does D. That…does
6. _____this happened is not clear to anyone.
A. Whether B. What C.That D.How
7. It’s uncertain____ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how
8. _______ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which
9 ____ we can't have seems better than that we have. A. What B. Who C. That D. whose
10. ___ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
11. ____ he will win is certain. A. That B. What C. How D. Which
12.____ he’ll come here isn’t clear. A. That B. What C. Whether D. Which
13.__ is impossible ____ he will refuse this piece of advice.
A. That, that B. It, that C. Whether, that D. It, what
=____ he will refuse this piece of advice __ is impossible.
14. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
15. It is suggested ____ we ____ more vegetable and do more exercise.
A. That, ate B. what, eat C. that, eat D. what, ate
16. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? 　　A. this B. that C. he D. it
17. ___ she couldn't understand was __ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
　　A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
18. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
　　A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever
19. It is necessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.
　　A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
20. It is Mary ____ has won first place. A. whether B. what C. that D. which
宾语语从句巩固性练习：
1. I don’t know __ he will come tomorrow. __ he comes, I’ll tell you.
A. if, Whether B. whether, Whether C. if, That D. if, If
2. The girl asked if they __ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
3. She asked Linda if __ go and get some food.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
4. Linda said the moon __ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled
5. Can you tell me __ you were born, Tom? A. who B. what C. when D. that
6. I don’t know __ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where
7. I can’t understand __ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who
8. I don’t know __ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B. where C. what D. when
9. He asked me __ told me the accident. A. when B. which C. who D. whose
10. Please tell me __ last year.
A. where does your sister work B. where did your sister work
C. where your sister works D. where your sister worked
11. She asked me if I know __.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
12. You must remember __.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. that your mother said
13. Could you tell me __?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
14. I don’t know __ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B.how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he’ll come
15. Everybody could see ___happened and___ Tom was frightened.
A. what, / B. what, that C. which, that D. who, what
16. I know nothing about him except____ he is from the south.
A. that B. what C. whether D. who
17. Could you tell me __ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended
18. I want to know __.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
19. Do you know where __ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
20. He asked ___with him.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter
C. what the matter is D. what is the matter
表语从句巩固性练习：
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A. What; how are you B. That；how you are
C. How；that you are D. What；how you are
2. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.
A. that B. which C. what D. such
3．The reason why he failed is _____he was too careless.
A. because B. that C. for D. because of
4. Go and get your coat. It’s _____you left it
A. where B. there C. there where D. where there
5.—I fell sick!--I think it is _____ you are doing too much.
A. why B. when C. what D. because
6. That is _____ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what
7. He looked ___he had known nothing about it A.as if B.as C.that D.what
8. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
9. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through. （1998 上海）
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
10. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D.不填
11. The reason is ______I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what
12. She looked _____ she were ten years younger.　A. that B. like C. as D. as though
13. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that B. That … what C. What … what D. That … what
同位语从句巩固性练习：
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.　　A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.　　A. hat B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.　　A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.　　A. which B. that C./ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start.　　A. when B. that C. what D./
6. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
　　A. whether B. where C. that D. when
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
　A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
　　A. which B. whether C. that D. what
综合篇
1、It doesn’t matter _____I rest or not. A．if B．whether C．that D．when
2、_____I can’t understand is ____ he wants to change his mind.
A．that, that B．which, what C．what, why D．what, that
3、___I was free that day.
A．It happened to B．It happened that C．That happened D．It was happened that
4、He ______you are not going abroad.
A．surprised that B．is surprised whether C．is surprised that D surprised at
5、I wonder how much______.
A．cost the coat B．does the coat cost C．the coat costs D．the coat is cost
6、____I have will be yours sooner or later.A．No matter what B．Whatever C．Whether D．That
7、______ in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.
A．It says B．He is said C．It has said D．It is said
8、______we go swimming every day____us a lot of good.
A．If, do B．That, do C．If, does D．That, does
9、Is this ____we met them last night.？A．where B．place C．place in which D．place which
10、We all know the truth ____there is air, water and sunlight there are living things.
A．where B．wherever C．that D．that wherever
11、I think it is____you’re eating too much.A．that B．because C．the reason D．for
12、It is said_____has been translated into French.A．that that B．which C．that D．that which
13、It is still a question___we shall have our sports meet.A．why B．that C．when D．which
14、It’s not yet clear____of those will be chosen to go abroad. A.that B.which C.whom D.who
15、These pictures show you______. A．What does our village look like
B.What our village looks live C.How does our village look like D.how our village looks like
16、Can you make sure ______the