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定语从句注意事项.doc

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定语从句注意事项 一、 定语从句中宜用that而不用which的情况 1.当先行词是不定代词或被形容词最高级,序数词(包括the first, the last等)或被any, much, few, some, the only, the very, little, no, every等修饰时 [eg.] We should do all that is useful to the people. [eg.] Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday. [eg.] You can take any seat that is free. [eg.] That is the very word that is wrongly used. [eg.] This is only one of the evidences that reveal his crime. [eg.] This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. [eg.] This is the best that can be done now. [eg.] the most important thing that he should do is how to stop him from going on. 2.先行词既有人又有物。 [eg.] The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. 3.先行词为表语的时候,或者关系带词本身是定语从句的表语,宜用that。 [eg.] This is a good book that will help you a lot. [eg.] My home village is no longer the place that it used to be. 4.关系代词作表语(只限于限制性定语从句),只能用that引导 [eg.] My village is no longer the poor place that it used to be. 5.先行词是way, moment, reason, distance, time等时可用that,且可省略。 [eg.] I told him the way that he worked out the problem. [eg.] All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirty seconds the earth moved 6. 当先行词有the same,先行词和关系代词指同一事物时,用that. [eg.] This is the same bike that I lost. 二.As引导的定语从句 1.在限制性定语从句中,as多和such/the same连用 [eg.] I bought the same pen as you bought the other day.(类似) [eg.] this is such an exciting game as we all want to see. ( 比较This is such an exciting game that we all want to see it.) [eg.] Such films as you describe can’t be shown at all. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中,as常与实义动词see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等连用,as指的是它前面的整个主句 [eg.] Shakespeare is a famous writer, as we all know. [eg.] She is very patient, as is shown in his work. 注:在非限制性定语从句中,which, as都可指代整个主句内容,as放在句首或句尾,但 which只能放在句尾。 [eg.] There was a net bar around here. as I remember. [eg.] The teacher praised him for his rapid progress , which made him very happy. 三.”介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句 1) 介词+which(介词后不能加that) ,常相当于when, where, why. [eg.] The woman general still remembers the day on which she joined the army. [eg.] This is the office in which I used to work. [eg.] There are varieties of ways in which we can solve this problem. [eg.]I’d like you to explain the reason for which you were absent. 2) 名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词,通常在从句中作主语 [eg.]China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island. [eg.]I read some books, the covers of which are yellow with years. 3)介词+关系代词+名词 [eg.]He goes to bed at ten, at which time his brother locks all the doors and windows. [eg.]Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,during which time he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Student’ Union. 4)介词+whose +名词 [eg.]The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had heard about the accident. 5) 介词+whom [eg.]Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the USA. 四. 关系代词前介词的确定 1) 依据定语从句中动词所需的某种习惯搭配来确定. [eg.] I bought a great many books , on which I spent all my money that I saved. 2) 依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定 [eg.] I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 3) 依据所表达的意思来确定 [eg.] The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen. 五. 使用关系代词还是关系副词 [eg.]I will remember the day when/on which I left my hometown for ever. [eg.]I often think of the days that I spent in Brown’s last summer. [eg.]He kept laughing during the two hours (that) it took to fly to Beijing. [eg.]This is the place where/in which he works. [eg.]This is the place that/which we visited last month. [eg.]This is the way which/that he told me. [eg.]This is the way in which he worked out the problem. 六.whose引导的定语从句,既可以指人也可指物 [eg.]This is the boy whose father is a docter. [eg.]This is the house whose roof is blue. 当先行词为物时,可以用whose+n.=the +n. +of which [eg.]This is the house ,the roof of which is blue. 七.定语从句的主谓一致 1) [eg.] The recorder that has been given to me is home_made. [eg.] I, who am your classmate , will share the work with you. 2) “one of +复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时,从句的动词通常用复数,但当one前有the (only), the (very)等修饰时,从句的谓语动词要用单数. [eg.] He is one of the students who have made great progress. [eg.] Mr. Wang is the (only ) one of my friends who has been invited to have dinner with us.
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