倒装句语法完全讲解.doc

大学英语四级 CET4 语法讲义之
倒装句
一.概念:
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。
二.相关知识点精讲
按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为：
完全倒装： 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。
部分倒装： 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。
1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子 ，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。①Our teacher came in.
②In came our teacher.
(05.06阅读)Among the report are more outrageous(令人无法容忍的)findings - a German fertilizer described itself as "earthworm-friendly", a brand of flour said it was " non- polluting", and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier".
该报道当中，有很多让人无法忍受的发现，如：一种德国肥料被描绘成“对蚯蚓无害”;一种新的品牌的面粉写道“没有任何污染”;还有一家英国公司的卫生纸被宣称为“环保者”。
(07.06阅读)Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually benete me reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore.
　　几年前的一天，我说了一句话并最终成为我对任何和全部挑衅的回答：关于那个问题我再也不讨论了。
这种倒装要求： 主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
①Here it is.
②Away he went.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
①Here comes the bus.
②Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首 ，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。
①Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首 ，要用倒装句式，以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do.
Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
4. there放在句首时要用倒装句式。
在 “there + be” 结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
In front of the tower flew a stream.
5. done做形容词在句中做表语时 ，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
表语 S
(03.01阅读)Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.　　
与新技术息息相关的是一些现代商人，他们日益看重国外生意的经济价值。
6.一般情况下开始出现了地点状语或者是分词引导的一个状语结构，中间出现了谓语动词，后面出现一个主语，主语后面接上一些限定(包括从句、补充说明等)，这种形式就是出现的全部倒装的形式。
(06.12阅读)Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg

表语 系 主语
Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.
萃取自加拿大纽芬兰沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受欢迎程度一再创出新高。

部分倒装
1. so + 动词+主语
neither/ nor + 动词+主语
表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。
否则要用so it is with…
e.g.: You can ride a bike. So can I .
He has been to Beijing. So have I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
2. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示 ，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下：
so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.
3. 否定副词never, hardly, seldom, rarely, not, until…，scarcely, in no case(不管怎样也不)，in no way(不管怎么也不)，by no means(决不)，on no account(不论什么原因也不)，at no time(无论什么时候也不)等否定词放在句首时，句子要倒装。

①We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
②Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
③Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
④By no means shall we cease to protect our environment.

4. hardly…when;
scarcely…when…; Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did
no sooner…than… 过去完成时 一般过去
可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did
①The bell hardly had rung when the class began.
= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
助 S P(谓语) 正常语序
②No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
5. not only… but also 如连接两个成分时不用倒装；连接句子时前面的句子要用倒装。
①He’s not only an honest man but also a kind man.
短语 短语
②Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his
系动词 主语
German citizenship.
③Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
④Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
(0606阅读)Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routs, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls.
公路系统不但为美国经济的发展提供了运输路线，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。
(0706阅读)Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide netprehensive therapy for deprssion and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.　　我们不仅要找出疼痛的病因，帮助我们更好地治疗;还要提供综合疗法，治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与社交问题。
6. only 及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时要用：
only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
①Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
（时间）状语从句
②Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
介词短语
7. 从属连词as和though也可以用于让步状语从句中。

形容词
形容词化的分词
名词 （开头）…, 主句
动词原形
（必须位于从句之后）
It was very late. Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her being able to fall asleep.

　　1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives.
　　2) Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. (他看起来样子傻傻的，可似乎总是能提出最聪明的建议。)
　　3) Try as you may, you will never succeed. (你尽管可以试，但决不会成功)。
8. 虚拟语气中的倒装句
(0906阅读)Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.　　
如果我不是参加了这次讲习班，我肯定会不由自主地认为那位男士候选人更合适，因为我们这个空缺的岗位需要频繁出差。
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came
C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown
3. Over _______, dead.
A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat
C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled
4.—Where is my shirt, mum? —_________.
A. There is it B. There it is
C. There is D. Here is it
5. —Where is your father? —Oh, ________.
A. here he comes B. he here comes
C. here does he come D. here comes he
6. The door opened and there ________.
A. enters an old man
B. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter
D. an old man entered
7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is
8. Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advised B. advised me
C. did we advise D. had we advised
9. ________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys
B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room
D. Inside the room was two boys
10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs
11. _______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier
12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live
C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man
13. She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does
C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us
14. You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you
C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting. —__________.
A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we
16. I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesn’t
C. Mary will either D. or Mary does
17. She is fond of cooking, _____I.
A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do
18. Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .
A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with Engles
C. So was Engles D. So did Engles
19. A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.
A. So does a man B. So will a man
C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed _______ the work that she often forgot to _____ her meals.
A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make
C. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have
21. So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
22. __________ his appearance that no one could recognize him.
A. Strange so was B. So strange was
C. Was so strange D. So was strange
23. Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change B. they changed
C. changed they D. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing B. had I seen
C. I have seen D. have I seen
25. Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watch B. are they watching
C. have they watched D. do they watch
26. Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful
B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers
D. so beautiful the flowers were
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he B. he had finished
C. did he finish D. had he finished
28. Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.
A. had they; than B. they had; when
C. had they; when D. did they; when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made B. does he make
C. he made D. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.
A. had he begun B. began he
C. did he begin D. does he begin
答案
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