水稻工厂化育秧流水线的播土器设计方案(DOC30页).doc

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水稻工厂化育秧流水线的播土器设计

摘 要

水稻工厂化育秧技术是我国水稻栽培技术的发展方向，而研究设计育秧设备，是推 进该技术不断发展的技术措施之一。工厂化育秧包括播土、播种、覆土、洒水等主要生 产过程，通常认为播种作业是非常重要的过程，但是，播土作业同样是育秧过程中不可
缺少的重要环节，由于传统的育秧过程中每穴种子数多，对播土与覆土要求不十分严格， 随着超级稻育秧技术兴起，每穴种子数减少，播种精度提高，对播/覆土要求十分严格，
如播土厚度不均匀将影响育秧质量。
本文简要的介绍了国内外的育秧技术的发展情况和国内现有的播土装置的构造优 缺点，分析并提出现有播土装置的缺陷，设计出新型播土装置，并对此进行了全面的理
论分析与研究。本文的研究结论如下：
1）系统地介绍了我国现有播、覆土装置的研究现状，详细的分析了它们的结构特
点和不足，在此基础之上，研制出一种排土稳定均匀的播土装置，选取 V 形推土片大
直径滚筒作为排土部分的关键部件。
2）确定了 V 形推土片大直径滚筒播土装置的滚筒结构参数、V 形推土片的结构参
数和分布情况。利用土壤与钢的摩擦角和摩擦系数，确定了土箱排土口位置、导流板与
水平面的夹角 g 和挡土板的结构、位置参数。从理论上建立了滚筒转速与生产率、播土
厚度、V 形推土片宽度时间的数学模型，建立了排土量与滚筒转速、V 形推土片参数之
间的数学模型。利用 CATIA 软件装配模块建立了播土装置的 3D 模型。
关键词：水稻；秧盘育秧；播土装置；工厂化育秧

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Design of Spreading Soil Device for Factor
Rice Seedling-Nursery

Abstract

The technology of Factory Seedling-nursery is the development direction of the paddy cultivating technology in our country, to research and design the seedling-nursery device is one of the most important methods to impel the seedling-nursery technology to develop unceasingly. Factory Seedling-nursery is made up of four processes which are Soil-spread, Precision seeding, Soil-cover and Water spray. In the usually opinion, the most important process is the Precision seeding, but the process of soil-spread is also essential to the seedling-nursery. With the development of the technology of super paddy seedling-nursery, the number of the seeds in per hole is decreased and the seeding precision is enhanced, so it is much strict to the processes of Soil-spread and Soil-cover, the quality of seedling will be reduced if the thickness of soil in the tray is not uniformity.
Based on the comprehensive introduction to the structural characteristics of seedling development of domestic and foreign technology and the existing domestic broadcast equipment on the basis of soil analysis and pointed out the deficiencies of the prior sowing soil means proposed new sowing soil means, and this conduct theoretical analysis and
systematic research. Research conclusions are as follows:
1) On the basis of introducing the research condition of the soil-spread and soil-cover devices in the international and domestic countries by the numbers, and analyzing their structure characteristic and shortage in details, the purpose of the research in the thesis was putted forward: a spreading soil device which spreads and covers soil steadily is developed, the large diameter drum with V-shaped tablet as the soil-spread components of the spreading soil device is chosen.
2) The sizes of the lager drum with the V-shaped tablet were confirmed, and the distribution of the V-shaped tablet on the film of the drum was also confirmed in order to ensure the spreading soil device to spread soil continuously when the drum rotates slowly. Made full use of the friction angle between soil and steel, the position of the soil box placket, the gradient of the soil-lead board was confirmed. In order to prevent the soil splashing, a block was designed. The thesis set up the mechanics model that indicates the relation between the rotate speed of the drum and productivity, the thickness of the soil in the tray, the width of the V-shaped tablet, and set up the mechanics model that indicates the relation between the volume of the soil expelled from the soil box per second and the rotate speed of the drum, the sizes of the V-shaped tablet. On the basis of the Pro/E software, the 3D siMULation model of

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the spreading soil device was set up.
Key Words： Rice；Seedling Trays；Spreading Soil Device；Factory Seedling-nursery