从化学视角看藏药“佐太”的功效与安全性.pdf

155 1 2 2 1*(1.810016 2.810001)Hg S Hg-HgS R029 A 2095-0039-2023-02-0155-09 2023-6-15基金项目：青海省十大国家科技创新平台培育建设项目“现代藏药创制全国重点实验室建设”(2023-ZJ-J05)(1991-)2021 (1967-)(1988-)*(1966-)156(阎 立 锋)“Hg Fe C O S Cl N Na Si B Mg Al K Ga Se Ba Cd Cu Ni”1-3 (李 岑)“HgS O Mg Al Si S K Ga Cr Fe Cu Zn Rb Sr Ag Hg”4 LIBS“Hg Ga Na As Fe Mg Al K Li Pb Ag Au S”5 (Hg)157 “HgSS8 C Fe1.05S0.95 Cu6S6 Cu1.8S (结晶度)59%41%100600nm 100nm 120m (无 定 型)33.05384.838nm”6-7 Hg Fe O S Si Mg Al K Ga Cu Hg HgHgS EDX、XRFHg、S、O、Fe、Al、Cu、K、Ag、Ga、MgLIBS Hg、Ga、Na、As、Fe、Mg、Al、K、Li、Pb、Ag、Au、SSEM-EDX、XRD、XRF、XPSHg、Fe、C、S、O、Cl、N、Na、Si、B、Mg、Al、Ga、Se、K、Ba、Cd、Cu、Ni 158“(Hg)(血清白蛋白)(激效)”10 Fe “Fe ”11 O“”12 O“”13 S “(结蹄组织)(辅酶)”14 HgS(向 丽)90180 30 (超 氧 化 物)(SOD)(MDA)“(P0.05)”8 (Hg)(Hg)“”9 159”18 K “”19Ga “Ga ”20 Cu “Si “”15 Mg “(镇静)(抑制)”16 Al “”17 Al “Al (三 磷 酸 腺 苷)160 Hg Fe O S Si Mg Al K Ga Cu ”21 HgFeSi CuMgSK OK Ga CuCu 161Fe MgGaCu K FeSiMgMg SiS SSi SGa Fe Si Cu Mg Mg S (辅酶)K O K Ga Cu Cu Fe Mg Si Mg K Fe Si Mg Mg Si S 162分析 J.中国中药杂志,2007,(2):159-160.2 阎立峰.藏药“佐太”的微结构与成分分析J.中国藏学,2007,(3):150-152,174.3 阎立峰,马小科.藏药佐太中碳的化学与结构分析 J.中国民族民间医药,2010,(9):1-2.4 李岑,占堆,楞本才让,等.藏药佐太的化学成分、汞配位结构及微观形貌分析 J.光谱学与光谱分析,2015,(4):1072-1078.5 刘晓娜,史新元,乔延江等.基于 LIBS 技术的藏药“佐太”快速元素分析研究 J 世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2014,(12):2582-2582.6 陈忠杰,朴香兰,李文虎,等.藏药佐塔对果蝇寿命的影 J.时珍国医国药,2011,(2):422.7 朱婷,沈蓓,王新为,等.藏药“佐太通过caspase-3 促进 293 细胞增殖 J.中国民族医药杂志,2013,(5):47-49.8 向丽,曾勇,林波,等.藏药“佐太”长期给药对大鼠肾脏潜在氧化损伤的初步研究 J.中药与临床,2015,(3):39-42.9 李岑,王东平,多杰,等.藏药佐太安全性研究及其复方当佐的临床安全观察初探 J.中国中药杂志,2014,(13):2573-2582.10Qiaozhu Tan,et al.Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2019,362:59-66.11 鲍羽,微量元素与人体健康 J.邵阳师范专科学校学报,2015,(6):16-19.12 赵 成 文.等,用 光 导 纤 维 测 量 人 体 血 液中氧含量的研究 J.哈尔滨科学技术大学学报,1989,(2):87-89.13 腾轶超.等,用近红外光谱检测人体组织氧含量 J.清华大学学报(自然科学版)2004,(6):847-851.14 吴茂江,硫与人体健康 J.微量元素与健康研究 2011,(2):67-68.15 吴茂江,硅与人体健康 J.微量元素与健康研究 2012,(2):65-67.16 马清丽,镁元素与人体健康 J.https:/ 17 王铁战,铝元素与人体健康 J.医学动物防制,2006,(2):148-150.18 吴茂江,钾与人体健康 J.微量元素与健康研究,2011,(11):61-63.19 王丽娟等,微量元素对人体健康的作用 J.临床合理用药,2013,(3):63.S Si S Ga 1 阎立峰,马小科,朱清时.藏药佐台无机成分 163从化学视角看藏药“佐太”的功效与安全性豆改杰，魏立新，周文斌，香多李先加*摘要:“仁青欧曲佐珠钦木”是藏药炮制工艺的核心技术，经这种特殊炮制工艺后炼制成的无毒而具奇特疗效的成品称之为“佐太”。佐太是藏药中所有珍宝类复方的基础，与其他天然药物进行合理配伍后具有减毒增效的作用；佐太是含重金属藏药的典型代表，其主要元素为汞(Hg)和硫(S)，还含有许多微量元素。然而，目前鲜有研究综合分析佐太的成份及药效，加之佐太中金属元素含量较高，国内外学者对佐太用药的安全性产生质疑。因此，现代研究亟需综合评价佐太中的重金属元素及微量元素的药物成分、药效、毒理和安全性，以便为佐太在临床的合理用药提供科学依据。综合比较了现代研究中佐太的元素含量及药效，结果表明：佐太中的汞和汞化合物硫化汞(-HgS)及微量元素对身体无明显毒性作用。此外，整理了藏医药文献中记载的佐太的功效及佐太中微量元素对人体的作用，结果证实了“仁青欧曲佐珠钦木”的科学性。经综合比较藏医药文献和现代研究中佐太的功效，阐明了佐太用药的安全性和科学性，为佐太制剂在临床合理用药提供科学依据和文献支撑。关键词:佐太；功效；化学元素作者简介:豆改杰(1991-)，男，藏族，青海同德人，青海大学藏医学院博士研究生。研究方向：藏药药理与炮制技术研究。魏立新(1967-)，男，汉族，山西孟县人，中国科学院西北高原生物研究所研究员，博士生导师。研究方向：藏药药理与炮制技术研究。周文斌(1988-)，女，青海西宁人，中国科学院西北高原生物研究所副研究员。研究方向：藏药药理与炮制技术研究。*通讯作者:香多 李先加(1966-)，男，青海贵南人，青海大学教授，博士生导师。研究方向：藏药药理与炮制技术研究。Chemical Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of“Zuotai”:a Tibetan Medicinal Preparation Dukar Kyab WEI Lixin ZHOU Wenbing Jamdo Klujam Gyal*Abstrac t:The core technology employed in the preparation of Tibetan medicine is“Rinchen Ngulchu Tsotu Chenmo”,which yields a final product known as“Zuotai”that possesses distinctive concoction process and with non-toxic and peculiar healing effect.Zuotai,serves as the foundation of all precious compounds in Tibetan medicine,has increasing effectiveness when combined with other natural medicines in a rational manner.Zuotai,a typical representative of Tibetan medicine,is composed of heavy metals,primarily mercury(Hg)and sulfur(S),as well as contains numerous trace elements.However,there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the composition and efficacy of Zuotai.Furthermore,due to the high concentration of metal elements in Zuotai,concerns have been raised regarding its safety.Therefore,it is imperative to conduct morden research to conduct to comprehensively evaluate the drug composition,efficacy,toxicology and safety,including heavy metal elements and trace elements,in order to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of Zuotai in clinical practice.This paper presents a comprehensive comparision of the elemental composition and efficacy of Zuotai in modern studies,showing that the Hg and its compound mercury sulfide(-HgS),as well as the trace elements present in Zuotai,and it does not exhibit significant toxicity to the body.In addition,this paper compiled the efficacy of Zuotai and the effect of trace elements in Zuotai on human body as recorded in Tibetan medicine literature,and the results confirmed the scientific validity of“Rinchen Ngulchu Tsotu Chenmo”.The paper presents a comprehensive comparison of the efficacy of Zuotai in Tibetan medicine literature and modern research,clarifies the safety and scientific nature of zotai medication,and provides scientific basis and literature support for the rational application of Zuotai preparations in clinical practice.Keywords:Zuotai,effect,the chemical elements About the author:Dukar Kyab(1991-),Tibetan,from Tongde County,Qinghai Province.Doctoral candidate at College of Tibetan Medicine,Qinghai University.Research field:research on the pharmacology and concoction technology of Tibetan medicine.WEI Lixin(1967-),Chinese,Meng County,Shanxi Province.Deputy Director,Researcher at Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Ph.D.,supervisor at Tibetan Medical College,Qinghai University.Research field:research on the pharmacology and concoction technology of Tibetan medicine.ZHOU Wenbing(1988-),Chinese,Xining City,Qinghai Province.Associate researcher at Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Research field:Research on the pharmacology and concoction technology of Tibetan medicine.*Co-author:Jamdo Klujam Gyal,(1966-),Tibetan,from Guinan County,Qinghai Province.Dean and doctoral supervisor at the School of Tibetan Medicine,Qinghai University.Research field:research on the pharmacology and concoction technology of Tibetan medicine.