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1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering 反分析法back analysis method 基础工程foundation engineering 临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics 土soil, earth 土动力学soil dynamics 土力学soil mechanics 岩土工程geotechnical engineering 应力路径stress path 应力路径法stress path method 2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock 标准冻深standard frost penetration 冰川沉积glacial deposit 冰积层（台）glacial deposit 残积土eluvial soil, residual soil 层理beding 长石feldspar 沉积岩sedimentary rock 承压水confined water 次生矿物secondary mineral 地质年代geological age 地质图geological map 地下水groundwater 断层fault 断裂构造fracture structure 工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration 海积层（台）marine deposit 海相沉积marine deposit 花岗岩granite 滑坡landslide 化石fossil 化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock 阶地terrace 节理joint 解理cleavage 喀斯特karst 矿物硬度hardness of minerals 砾岩conglomerate 流滑flow slide 陆相沉积continental sedimentation 泥石流mud flow, debris flow 年粘土矿物clay minerals 凝灰岩tuff 牛轭湖ox-bow lake 浅成岩hypabyssal rock 潜水ground water 侵入岩intrusive rock 取土器geotome 砂岩sandstone 砂嘴spit, sand spit 山岩压力rock pressure 深成岩plutionic rock 石灰岩limestone 石英quartz 松散堆积物rickle 围限地下水（台）confined ground water 泻湖lagoon 岩爆rock burst 岩层产状attitude of rock 岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock 岩脉dike, dgke 岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock 岩石结构texture of rock 岩体rock mass 页岩shale 原生矿物primary mineral 云母mica 造岩矿物rock-forming mineral 褶皱fold, folding 钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section 3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil 超固结土overconsolidated soil 冲填土dredger fill 充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele 非饱和土unsaturated soil 分散性土dispersive soil 粉土silt, mo 粉质粘土silty clay 高岭石kaolinite 过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil 红粘土red clay, adamic earth 黄土loess, huangtu(China) 蒙脱石montmorillonite 泥炭peat, bog muck 年粘土clay 年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil 膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil 欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil 区域性土zonal soil 人工填土fill, artificial soil 软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle 砂土sand 湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess 素填土plain fill 塑性图plasticity chart 碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto ne, deritus 未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay 无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil 岩石rock 伊利土illite 有机质土organic soil 淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush 淤泥质土mucky soil 原状土undisturbed soil 杂填土miscellaneous fill 正常固结土normally consolidated soil 正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess 4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits 饱和度degree of saturation 饱和密度saturated density 饱和重度saturated unit weight 比重specific gravity 稠度consistency 不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 触变thixotropy 单粒结构single-grained structure 蜂窝结构honeycomb structure 干重度dry unit weight 干密度dry density 塑性指数plasticity index 含水量water content, moisture content 活性指数级配gradation, grading 结合水bound water, combined water, held water 界限含水量Atterberg limits 颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composi tion of soil 可塑性plasticity 孔隙比void ratio 孔隙率porosity 粒度granularity, grainness, grainage 粒组fraction, size fraction 毛细管水capillary water 密度density 密实度compactionness 年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil 平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter 曲率系数coefficient of curvature 三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram 三相土tri-phase soil 湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure 湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility 缩限shrinkage limit 土的构造soil texture 土的结构soil structure 土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles 土中气air in soil 土中水water in soil 团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith 限定粒径constrained diameter 相对密度relative density, density index 相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction 絮状结构flocculent structure 压密系数coefficient of consolidation 压缩性compressibility 液限liquid limit 液性指数liquidity index 游离水（台）free water 有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size 有效密度effective density 有效重度effective unit weight 重力密度unit weight 自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water 组构fabric 最大干密度maximum dry density 最优含水量optimum water content 5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law 管涌piping 浸润线phreatic line 临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient 流函数flow function 流土flowing soil 流网 flow net 砂沸sand boiling 渗流seepage 渗流量seepage discharge 渗流速度seepage velocity 渗透力seepage force 渗透破坏seepage failure 渗透系数coefficient of permeability 渗透性permeability 势函数potential function 水力梯度hydraulic gradient 6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation 变形模量modulus of deformation 泊松比Poisson s ratio 布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution 残余变形residual deformation 残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure 超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 沉降settlement 沉降比settlement ratio 次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement 次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 分层总和法layerwise summation method 负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure 附加应力superimposed stress 割线模量secant modulus 固结沉降consolidation settlement 规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification 回弹变形rebound deformation 回弹模量modulus of resilience 回弹系数coefficient of resilience 回弹指数swelling index 建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building 剪胀dilatation 角点法corner-points method 孔隙气压力pore air pressure 孔隙水压力pore water pressure 孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A 孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B 明德林解Mindlin s solution 纽马克感应图Newmark chart 切线模量tangent modulus 蠕变creep 三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement 瞬时沉降immediate settlement 塑性变形plastic deformation 谈弹性变形elastic deformation 谈弹性模量elastic modulus 谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus 先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure 压缩层压缩模量modulus of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩性compressibility 压缩指数compression index 有效应力effective stress 自重应力self-weight stress 总应力total stress approach of shear strength 最终沉降final settlement 7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory 超固结比over-consolidation ratio 超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 次固结secondary consolidation 次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin 单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation 多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation 固结consolidation 固结度degree of consolidation 固结理论theory of consolidation 固结曲线consolidation curve 固结速率rate of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of consolidation 固结压力consolidation pressure 回弹曲线rebound curve 井径比drain spacing ratio 井阻well resistance 曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect 潜变（台）creep 砂井sand drain 砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method 时间因子time factor 太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory 太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation 先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure 压密（台）consolidation 压密度（台）degree of consolidation 压缩曲线cpmpression curve 一维固结one dimensional consolidation 有效应力原理principle of effective stress 预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure 原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve 再压缩曲线recompression curve 主固结primary consolidation 主压密（台）primary consolidation 准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure K0固结consolidation under K0 condition 8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose 不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength 残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction 残余强度residual strength 长期强度long-term strength 单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test 动强度dynamic strength of soils 峰值强度peak strength 伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter 剪切应变速率shear strain rate 抗剪强度shear strength 抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter 抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength 库仑方程Coulomb s equation 摩尔包线Mohr s envelope 摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory 内摩擦角angle of internal friction 年粘聚力cohesion 破裂角angle of rupture 破坏准则failure criterion 十字板抗剪强度vane strength 无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength 有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction 有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept 有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope 有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter 有效应力原理principle of effective stress 真内摩擦角true angle internal friction 真粘聚力true cohesion 总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope 总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter 9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model 边界面模型boundary surface model 层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model 超弹性模型hyperelastic model 德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion 邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model 动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model 盖帽模型cap model 刚塑性模型rigid plastic model 割线模量secant modulus 广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion 广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion 加工软化work softening 加工硬化work hardening 加工硬化定律strain harding law 剑桥模型Cambridge model 柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model 拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model 拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion 理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model 临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model 流变学模型rheological model 流动规则flow rule 摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model 内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory 年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model 切线模量tangent modulus 清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model 屈服面yield surface 沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion 双曲线模型hyperbolic model 松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion 塑性形变理论谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix 谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus 谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory 谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model 谈弹性变形elastic deformation 谈弹性模量elastic modulus 谈弹性模型elastic model 魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model 文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model 修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model 准弹性模型hypoelastic model

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