高二年级英语学案导学 必修5Unit5 教师版.doc

奋斗中学高二年级英语学案导学（教师版）
必修五Unit 5 First aid
编写 苏洁 审定 高二年级英语组
一 词汇学习
1. aid
(1) n. 【U】帮助，援助，资助
拓展：do/give/offer first aid 进行急救
in aid of … 为了帮助……
with the aid of… 在…….帮助（救助）下

英译：为了帮助饥饿的孩子们，我正在搞募捐。
I am collecting money in aid of starving children.

(2) vt. 帮助，援助
拓展：aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
aid sb in (doing) sth 帮助某人（做）某事
aid sb with sth 在某事上帮助某人
汉译：I aided the poor girl in continuing her study.
我帮助这个可怜的女孩继续她的学业。
英译：在星期天我通常帮妈妈做家务。
On Sundays I usually aid my mother to do housework.
2. variety n. 变化；多样（化）；多变（性）
拓展：(1)varieties of/a variety of/various 各种各样的
汉译：There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.

有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
英译：这家商店出售各种各样的玩具。
This shop sells varieties of toys.

(2)vary v. 变化，使多样化
vary from…to… 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary with…随……而变动
汉译：Prices vary according to the type of room you require.
价格随所要求的户型而有所变化。、

3.squeeze vt.&vi 榨；挤；压榨
拓展：squeeze…from/out of 从……榨取
squeeze out 榨出，挤出
squeeze into 挤进
汉译：He squeezed himself into a crowded bus.
他挤进了拥挤的公共汽车。

英译：她把一个柠檬的汁挤了出来

。
She squeezed the juice from a lemon.

汉译：Tom took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water out.

汤姆脱下了湿衣服，将水拧出。

4.vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的
拓展：be vital to/for 对……极为重要
It is vital that… 至关重要的是……
（从句的谓语常用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形）
英译：我们应该立即开始手术，这是生死攸关的。

It’s vital that we (should) carry out the operation immediately.

经常锻炼对你的健康很重要。

Regular exercise is vital to/for your health.

5.treat.
(1)vt. 治疗；对待，款待
拓展：treat sb for… 为某人治疗……
treat sb to sth 用……招待某人
treat sb as … 把某人当做……
汉译：The dentist is treating my teeth.

牙医正给我治牙。
英译：他们把我当亲生孩子看待。

They treated me as their own child.

英译：她请每个孩子吃冰激凌。
She treated each of the children to an ice-cream.

(2) n. 款待；请客
汉译：We took the kids to the zoo as a special treat.
作为特别的消遣，我们带孩子们到动物园去。

Let’s go out for lunch after work——my treat.
下班后咱们到外面去吃午餐，我请客。

(3) treatment n. 治疗，疗法；对待
汉译：There are various treatments available for this illness.
对这种疾病有各种各样的疗法。
6.apply
(1) vt. 应用；运用；涂；敷；搽；专心于
拓展：apply…to… 把……应用于……
apply oneself to 致力于……
apply sth to sth 给……涂……、敷
英译：护士正在给他的伤口敷药。

The nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.

汉译：New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.

新技术正被应用到几乎所有的工业流程。

英译：如果你专心学习，你就会通过考试。

You would pass your exams if you applied yourself to your study.

(2) vt 申请；请求；使用；有效
拓展：apply for 申请
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物
apply to… 适用于
汉译：What I have said applies only to some of you.
我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人。

英译：他已经在英国申请了一个职位。
He has applied for a position in England.

二：重点短语
1. fall ill 生病
拓展：fall asleep 睡着
fall behind 落后；落在……后面
fall silent 沉默
fall down 摔倒
fall in love with… 爱上……
汉译：She fell ill and died soon after.
她病倒不久便去世了。
注意：fall ill 强调突然病倒，是短暂性动词短语，不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用；be ill表示生病的状态，是延续性动词短语，可与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
试译：她卧病在床已经2个星期了。（判断正误）
(正)：She has been ill in bed for two weeks.
(误)：She has fallen ill in bed for two weeks.
2. over and over again 反复；多次
英译：老师已多次告诉我不要沉迷于电脑游戏。
My teacher has told me over and over again not to get addicted to computer games.

拓展：again and again 反复，一再
over and over 一再，反复
once again 再一次
time and (time) again 多次，一再
英译：我一再告诉学生们要努力学习。
I told the students again and again to study hard.
3. in place 在适当的位置；适当
汉译：As soon as all the chairs are in place, we can let the people in.
一旦所有的椅子都摆放好了，我们就可以让人进来了。
The proposal is not quite in place.
那个提议并不十分适当。
拓展：in one’s place 在某人的位置上
out of place 不合适；不在适当的位置
in place of sb./sth=in sb’s/sth’s place 代替某人（物）
take the place of 代替
take one’s place 代替；就位，就职
give place to… 让位给……
英译：这些衣服摆乱了。露西，请把它们放好。
These clothes are out of place. Please put them away, Lucy.

你可以用铅笔代替钢笔。
You can use a pencil in place of a pen.

3. a number of 若干；许多
汉译：A large number of trucks have to be stopped because of the heavy snow.
许多大卡车由于大雪不得不停下来。
填空：A number of students are (be) in the lab now.
归纳：a number of 用于修饰可数名词复数，number 前可以加 large, good, great 等形容词。

a number of
修饰可数名词复数，意为“许多”，number前可加good,great
等形容词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of
与复数名词连用，意为“……的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用
单数形式。
辨析：
填一填:
A number of teachers are present today, the number of whom is 300.
许多教师今天都出席了，有300人。
4. put one’s hands on 找到
英译：母亲在人群中找到了孩子。
The mother put her hands on her child in the crowd.
汉译：It’s most upset that you can’t put your hands on it when you badly need
something.
最气人的是当你急需要某样东西时却偏偏找不到它。
5. make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起（重要）作用
英译：锻炼会对你的健康状况发挥很大作用。
Exercise can make a great difference to your health.
汉译：She makes a difference between her two sons.
她对两个儿子没有一视同仁。

拓展：①make no/some difference (to/in sb/sth)
(对某人或某事来说)没有/有些作用、关系、影响
②make all the difference (to sb/sth)
(对某人或某事)关系重大；大不相同
③tell the difference 区分，辨别
英译：去不去对我来说无所谓。
It makes no difference to me whether to go or not.
汉译：A few words at the right time make all the difference.
在适当的时候说几句体贴话效果迥然不同。
三：课文学习
Reading
1. Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.
翻译：通常情况下这种疾病或损伤不是很严重，但也有一些时候迅速实施急救能挽救生命。
本句是由并列连词but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中，关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰先行词times。关系副词when引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，且先行词在从句中作状语。
英译：我还记得南京解放那天晚上的情景。
I still remember the night when Nanjing was liberated.
我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那些日子。
I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.
注意：如果定语从句修饰表时间、地点或原因的名词在从句中作主语或宾语，这时要用关系代词来引导定语从句。

英译：我不会忘记我在农村度过的那些岁月。
I won’t forget the days that/which I spent in the countryside.
2. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
翻译：因此，正如你所想象的，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，问题就会非常严重。
as you can imagine 是定语从句，as代替主句内容，常译为“正如……”，它引导的定语从句位置很灵活，既可在句首，也可在句中或句末。
英译：众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
汉译：众所周知，光速比声速快。
Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.
= As we all know, light travels faster than sound.
= Light, as we all know, travels faster than sound.
Using language
1. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
(那天)约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。
(1) 本句使用了be doing … when…句式。此句式的意思为“正在……突然……”，句中的when相当于and then/and at that time,连接两个并列分句。
英译：学生们生在听录音，这时突然停电了。
The students were listening to the tape when the electricity was cut off.
(2) be about to do … when … 正准备做……，就在这时……
(3) be on the point of doing…when… 马上就要做……，正在这时……
(4) had just done…when… 刚完成了……，就在这时……
(5) hardly…when… 一……就……
注意：when 作并列连词表示“正在这时”时，常用于以上五个句型，且when 后的分句一般是过去时；高考往往通过将when 作为备选项与while, after, since等连词进行辨析的形式对其进行考查。
汉译：他正要点火，这时电话铃响了。
He was about to start the fire when the telephone rang.
弟弟刚做完作业，这时爸爸回来了。
My brother had just finished his homework when my father came
back.
我们刚到目的地，天就黑了。
Hardly had we reached our destination when it got dark.
2. It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life.
正是约翰快捷的行动和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的性命。
本句运用了强调句型。其结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that…。
英译：我昨天是在街上遇见汤姆的。
It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.
注意：（1）强调句型可强调除谓语之外的其他句子成分；
（2）若强调部分是人，既可用that 也可用who；
（3）若强调主语，that 后的谓语应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持
一致。
英译：昨天在街上遇见汤姆的人是我。
It was I that /who met Tom in the street yesterday.
该受责备的人是你。
It is you who are to blame.
拓展：（1）强调句型的一般疑问句式为：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that…?
（2）强调句型的特殊疑问句式为：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that…?
（3）not…until的强调句型为： It is/was +not until…+that…，且that后的谓语动词用肯定式。
英译：到底是什么事使他这么生气？
What was it that made him so angry?
直到他失败了他才意识到自己错了。
It was not until he failed that he realized he was wrong.
顺口溜：
助记It 强调并不难，that 总是在中间。
除了谓语不用管，主宾表状都提前。
否定转移必考题，否定强调难为你。
疑问强调莫忽视，高考场上要记牢。
3. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
句中that引导同位语从句，作doubt的同位语；he learned at school 是定语从句，修饰先行词the first aid skills,关系代词that 因在定语从句中作learned的宾语而被省去。
“There is no doubt that …”是常用句型，意思是“毫无疑问……”。
英译：你肯定会受到热烈欢迎。
There is no doubt that you’ll be warmly welcomed.
拓展：(1) doubt(vt) + if/whether (肯定句)
that(否定句)
sth
doubt(n.) + whether/who/what etc.(肯定句)
that（否定句）
about/as to
(2) without /beyond doubt 毫无疑问
汉译：No doubt she’ll call us when she gets there.
她到达那儿时必定会给我们打电话。
There’s some doubt whether the meeting will be held as planned.
会议能不能按计划召开还值得怀疑。
英译：我相信他是诚实的。
I have no doubt that he is honest.
=I don’t doubt that he is honest.
四 语法学习
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。

1.
祈使句等句式中的省略

祈使句中常省略主语。
感叹句中可省略一些不必要的部分。
疑问句中可省略一些不必要的部分。
(It) Sounds like a good idea. 听起来是个好主意！
(It) Doesn’t matter. 没关系。
What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花啊！
—Let’s go to the park this afternoon.今天下午我们去公园吧。
—Why not? 为什么不呢？
(Is there) Anything else? 还有别的东西吗？
2.
在由and 或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
省略共同的主语或宾语。
若主语不同而谓语相同，这时可省略谓语动词。
若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。
She came into the room and (she) turned on the computer.
她进了房间，打开了电脑。
My father is a lawyer and my mother (is) a teacher.
我爸爸是律师，我妈妈是教师。
The news made me angry, but (the news made) John happy.
这条消息使我生气，但却让约翰高兴。
She was late because she had overslept and (because she had) missed the first bus.
她迟到了，因为睡过了头并且误了头班车。
3.
状语从句中的省略
在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless 等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和系动词be。
在when, if, where, wherever, whenever, than 引导的从句中如果出现了it is/was, 可将it is/was 省略。
When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.
加热的时候冰可以变成水。
If (I am) invited, I will attend his wedding.
如果收到邀请我会参加他的婚礼。
Keep silent until (you are) asked to speak at the meeting.
在会上不让你发言就保持沉默。
When (it is) necessary, I will turn to you for help.
必要的时候我会向你求助的。
If (it is) possible, I will attend the meeting.
如果可能的话，我会参加会议的。
4.
定语
从句
中的
省略
在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom 常可省略；当先行词是time, reason, place 等时，when, why, where 作关系副词也可以省略。
定语从句中，作主语的关系代词和be动词可以省略。
He did everything (that) he could (do) to help his girlfriend.
他尽其所能来帮他女朋友。
Could you tell me the reason (why) you have to leave your company?
你能告诉我你一定要离开你公司的原因吗？
Do you know the girl (who is) speaking to you?
你认识跟你说话的那个女孩吗？
5.
宾语
从句
中的
省略
在think, find, believe, decide, say, know, suppose等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略，若带有多个宾语从句，则只有第一个that可以省略，其余的不能省略。
在某些情况下，由which, when, where,how, why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。
He said (that) the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it.
他说那个会议非常重要，我们都应该参加。
She didn’t go to school yesterday. I don’t know why.
她昨天没有去上学，我不知道为什么。
6.
虚拟
语气
中的
省略
虚拟条件句常省略if, 而将were, had, should提前，构成部分倒装。
动词 advise, suggest(建议)，propose, demand, insist(坚持要求)，require, command, order等后的宾语从句及It is … that… 主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should.
Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.
= If you had come here yesterday, you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。
7.
动词不定式的省略
有些动词（词组），如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget 等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。
两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to,后面省去to;但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to 不可省略。
感官动词（词组）see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch 等和使役动词make, let, have等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略to，但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
在某些句式中，如介词but前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略to.
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
这个男孩想再街上骑自行车，可他妈妈不同意。
——I haven’t told him the news. 我还没有告诉他这个消息。
——Oh, you ought to have. 奥，你本应该告诉他的。
8.
介词的省略
在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。spend time/money (in) doing sth; have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth; prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
表示时间的介词at, on和in用在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。
She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading everyday.
她每天花半小时读书。
I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有困难。
语法习题：
1.（2010年浙江高考）The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if C regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
2.（江苏高考）—What’s the matter with Della?
—Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still
A .
A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for
3.—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order A .
A. as told B. as are told. C. as telling. D. as they told
4. My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice A expensive.
A. as B. so C. too D. very
5. —Have you wanted the flowers?
—No, but C .
A. I am B. I’m going C. I’m just going to D. I will go
6.—He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
—Well, he D .
A. should B. ought to C. ought to go D. ought to have
7. If C the same treament again, he is sure to get well.
A. giving B. give C. given D. being given
8. He broke his legs while A .
A. riding B. ride C. was riding D. rode
9.When first C to the market, the computer software was not a success due to its complexity in operation.
A. introducing B. being introduced C. introduced D. to be introduced
10.Every evening after dinner, if not C from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
11.—Jane, let’s go out for a walk after supper.
— A like a good idea.
A. Sounds B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sound
12.The painos in the other shop will be C , but _________.
A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good.
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