专题05-语法填空(译林版2020).docx

专题05 语法填空-2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末专项复习（译林版2020）

语法填空考点梳理
名词
单数、复数
名词所有格
动词
时态、语态
非谓语三种形式
代词
人称代词主宾格、反身代词、物主代词
指示代词that/those、不定代词、
形式主语it和形式宾语it
形容词和副词
形转副、比较级、最高级
形容词转反义词
数词
基数词、序数词
几分之几表达
词性转换
名词、动词、形容词、副词之间互相转换
其他考点
动词和介词的词组搭配
宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句以及其他名词性从句

常见的简单连词and/but/or/so
复杂连词neither.....nor....../
either.....or......等

冠词
介词

【例题精讲】
【2021-2022学年第一学期江苏省淮安市高二上学期期末考试英语试题】
Wenzhou, a historic coastal city. has been regarded as a National Historical and Cultural City. There are many___1___(fame) masters who do well in stone sculptures. A dozen stone sculptures, one for each month of the year,____2____(create) by master Chen Shunde, have become popular among local____3____(resident) recently.
The sculptures, which took master Chen three years____4____(complete), feature a____5____(combine) of the city’s nursery rhymes, characteristics and cultural customs. Some scenic spots____6____the Mid River Islet, Jiudou Mountain, and Miaoguo Temple, as well as cultural landmarks like the lodging of Emperor Zhao Gou of the Song Dynasty (960—1279) and the mansion of First Minister Zhang Cong of the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), can____7____(find) on these works.
For example, the stone sculpture for April,____8____has been shown to the public via a documentary produced by the China Central Television, was inspired from Nanxi Opera, one of the____9____(old) operas in China that originated in the Song Dynasty. The sculpture features a harmonious integration of opera viewers, the ancient opera stage, and_____10_____landscapes of Haitan Mountain
【答案】
1．famous    2．created    3．residents    4．to complete    5．combination    6．like    7．be found    8．which    9．oldest    10．the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了温州有名的石雕大师——陈顺德大师的优秀作品。
1．考查形容词。句意：有许多著名的石雕大师。名词masters前用形容词famous修饰作定语。故填famous。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，由大师陈顺德创作的十几个石雕(每年一月一尊)在当地居民中颇受欢迎。本句已有谓语have become且无连词，create用非谓语形式，逻辑主语stone sculptures与create之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式做后置定语。故填created。
3．考查名词的数。句意：最近，由大师陈顺德创作的十几个石雕(每年一月一尊)在当地居民中颇受欢迎。名词resident为可数名词，空格前无限定词，且根据among可知，用名词复数形式表泛指。故填residents。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：陈大师花了三年时间完成的这些雕塑，结合了城市的童谣、特色和文化习俗。固定短语take some time to do sth.(花时间做某事)，该空用动词不定式形式。故填to complete。
5．考查名词。句意：陈大师花了三年时间完成的这些雕塑，结合了城市的童谣、特色和文化习俗。空格前是冠词a，空格后是介词of，所以用名词形式，a combination of...(……结合)。故填combination。
6．考查介词。句意：一些景点像河中岛、九斗山、妙国寺等名胜古迹，以及宋代（960—1279）赵构帝的寓所、明代（1368—1644）张琮的府邸等文化地标，都可以在这些作品中找到。名词前用介词形式，结合句意和cultural landmarks like the lodging of Emperor Zhao Gou...，这里用介词like，表示“像，例如”之意。故填like。
7．考查语态。句意：一些景点像河中岛、九斗山、妙国寺等名胜古迹，以及宋代（960—1279）赵构帝的寓所、明代（1368—1644）张琮的府邸等文化地标，都可以在这些作品中找到。此处是谓语，主语Some scenic spots as well as cultural landmarks与动词find是被动关系，所以用情态动词的被动语态（can be done）。故填be found。
8．考查定语从句。句意：例如，四月的石雕，已经通过中国中央电视台制作的纪录片向公众展示，它的灵感来自于南溪戏，这是中国最古老的戏剧之一，起源于宋朝。句中先行词为the stone sculpture for April，指物，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9．考查形容词最高级。句意：例如，四月的石雕，已经通过中国中央电视台制作的纪录片向公众展示，它的灵感来自于南溪戏，这是中国最古老的戏剧之一，起源于宋朝。固定结构one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，意为“最……之一”。故填oldest。
10．考查冠词。句意：该雕塑融合了戏曲观众、古老的戏曲舞台和海坛山的景观。这里的景观是特指海坛山的，所以用定冠词the。故填the。

【2021-2022学年第一学期江苏省徐州市高二英语期末试题】
“The Forbidden City” is a translation of the Chinese name Zijin Cheng, which 【小题56】(literal) means “Purple Forbidden City”. The palace was “forbidden” in the sense that, aside from members of the imperial household, no one could enter it 【小题57】 the Emperor’s permission.
The Forbidden City 【小题58】(locate) directly to the north of Tiananmen Square and is 【小题59】(access) from the square via Tianan men Gate. It is surrounded by a large area 【小题60】(call) the Imperial City.
Rectangular in shape, the Forbidden City is the world largest palace complex, and 【小题61】(cover) 720, 000 square meters. It includes five halls, seventeen palaces, and numerous buildings. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The Outer Court, 【小题62】 includes the southern and central sections, centers on three halls used for ceremonial purposes. The Inner Court, including the northern, eastern, and western parts of the Forbidden City, was 【小题63】 the Emperor worked and lived with his family and maid-servants. For centuries, diligence and good fortune【小题64】(allow) the complex to survive. And each statue, painting, color and shape in the Forbidden City is rich with symbolism, with much of it 【小题65】(reflect) the life of the royal household that once lived there.
【答案】
literally without is located accessed called
Covers which where have allowed/have been allowing reflecting
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了紫禁城。
56.考查副词。句意：“紫禁城”是中文名字翻译成紫金城，字面意思是“紫色的禁城”。此处应用副词literally修饰动词means(意味着)，意为“按照字面意义地”，故填literally。
57.考查介词。句意：宫殿是被“禁止”的，因为除了皇室成员，没有皇帝的允许任何人都不能进去。此处表示“没有皇帝的允许”应用介词without，表示“没有”，故填without。
58.考查时态和语态。句意：紫禁城位于天安门广场北侧，从广场经天安门即可进入。分析句子结构可知，and前后连接两个句子，空处做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语The Forbidden City和动词locate(把......安置于)二者之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般现在时的被动，主语是第三人称单数，所以应用is located，故填is located。
59.考查语态。句意：紫禁城位于天安门广场北侧，从广场经天安门即可进入。分析句子结构可知，and前后连接两个句子，空处是谓语动词，且主语The Forbidden City和动词access(进入)二者之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般现在时的被动，access的过去分词为accessed，故填accessed。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意：它被一个叫做皇城的大片区域所包围。分析句子结构可知，“It is surrounded by a large area”是主句，空处是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰a large area(大片区域所)，动词call(叫做)和a large area二者之间是被动关系，所以此处应用call的过去分词形式called，故填called。
61.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：紫禁城呈长方形，是世界上最大的宫殿群，占地72万平方米。分析句子结构可知，and前后连接两个句子，所以空处做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语是the Forbidden City(紫禁城)，和动词cover(占面积)是主动关系，主语是第三人称单数，所以此处应用动词cover的三单形式covers，故填covers。
62.考查定语从句。句意：外院，包括南部和中部，中心是用于举行仪式的三个礼堂。分析句子结构可知，“_________includes the southern and central sections”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是The Outer Court(外院)，指物，在定语从句中做主语，应用which来引导，此处不能用that，因为非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导，故填which。
63.考查表语从句。句意：内廷，包括紫禁城的北部，东部和西部，是皇帝工作，与他的家人和女仆生活的地方。分析句子结构可可知“______the Emperor worked and lived with his family and maid-servants.”是表语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用where来引导表语从句，故填where。
64.考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，勤奋和好运一直让这个建筑群得以生存。根据时间标志词“For centuries”(几个实际来)可知，句子描述的是从过去到现在勤奋和好运一直让这个建筑群得以生存，应用现在完成时has/have done，句子也可以表示从过去到现在勤奋和好运一直让这个建筑群得以生存，并且会继续使得建筑群生存，所以应用现在完成进行时has/have been doing，主语是diligence and good fortune(勤奋和好运)和动词allow(使能够)二者之间是主动关系，且主语描述的是两件事，即勤奋和好运，是复数，所以应用have allowed或have been allowing，故填have allowed或have been allowing。
65.考查with复合结构。句意：紫禁城里的每一尊雕像、每一幅画、每一种颜色和每一个形状都充满了象征意义，其中很大一部分反映了曾经居住在紫禁城里的王室生活。此处是with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，much of it(很大一部分)是宾语，且动词reflect(反映)和宾语much of it二者之间是主动关系，所以此处应用reflect的现在分词形式reflecting做宾语补足语，故填reflecting。

【2021-2022学年第一学期江苏省海安市高二英语期末试题】
At this year's Singles' Day shopping spree （狂欢），domestic brands (1) （ fill） up the shopping cart of Wang Xinyi, (2) university student from Southwest China's Chongqing.
"Most of us choose domestic products owing to the fact (3) they are cost-effective and high in quality" said Wang, (4) bought daily necessities,clothes and digital products made by local brands during last week's shopping festival.
Wang said many young Chinese (5) （ increase） chose domestic brands, (6) （add） that this trend could not only satisfy consumers' needs but incorporate （融入） traditional Chinese culture into the products.
Nearly 70% of post-90s and around 80% of post-00s generations prefer to buy domestic brands.Young consumers have (7) （ strong） confidence and a higher sense of national identity than those of other groups.Overall,Chinese people's interest in domestic products increased by 528 percent (8) （ compare） with 10 years ago.
The (9) （ improve） in quality and branding have helped promote domestic products.Besides,domestic brands have become popular among young consumers due to their (10) （ innovate） use of traditional Chinese elements and culture.
【答案】
【小题1】filled【小题2】a【小题3】that【小题4】who【小题5】increasingly
【小题6】adding【小题7】stronger【小题8】compared【小题9】improvement【小题10】innovative
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。越来越多的人买国内产品，因为国内产品价格合适，并且质量好。买国内产品不仅能满足消费者的需求，并能将中国文化融入到产品中。
（1）filled.考查动词时态。句意：在今年的双十一购物节中，国内品牌装满了王欣怡的购物车，王欣怡是来自重庆的大学生。根据句子分析可知，domestic brands为主语，此空为谓语动词，时间状语为"在今年的双十一购物节中"，为过去时，故用一般过去时，故填filled。
（2）a.考查冠词。句意：句意：在今年的双十一购物节中，国内品牌装满了王欣怡的购物车，王欣怡是来自一位重庆的大学生。根据句子分析可知，student为可数名词，且此处表泛指"一个学生"，university的音素是以辅音开头，故用冠词a,故填a。
（3）that.考查同位语从句。句意：我们大多数的人都选择国内产品，是因为国内产品不仅划算，而且质量高。根据句子分析可知，the fact做先行词，后跟同位语从句，进一步解释说明the fact,从句不缺成分，并没有意思，故用that引导，故填that。
（4）who.考查定语从句。句意：王欣怡说道："我们大多数的人都选择国内产品，是因为国内产品不仅划算，而且质量高。"王欣怡在上周的购物节中，购买了国内品牌的日需品，衣服和电子产品。根据句子分析可知，Wang做先行词，指人，后跟非限制性定语从句，从句中bought做谓语动词，daily necessities,clothes and digital products做宾语，故缺主语，故填who。
（5）increasingly.考查副词。句意：越来越多的中国年轻人选择国内产品。根据句子分析可知，many young Chinese做主语，chose为谓语动词，故此空用 副词修饰动词，故填increasingly。
（6）adding.考查现在分词。句意：王说，越来越多的中国年轻人选择国内产品，并补充说道这种趋势不仅能满足顾客的需求，而且还能将传统中国文化融入到产品中。根据句子分析可知，add与Wang之间为主动关系，故用现在分词做状语，故填adding。
（7）stronger.考查形容词比较级。句意：年轻顾客比其他人对国内产品有更强的信心，并且有高的国家认同感。根据空后的"and a higher sense"可知，and连接前后相同的比较级，故此空也应用比较级，故填stronger。
（8）compared.考查过去分词。句意：总的来说，与十年前相比，中国人对国内品牌的兴趣增加了528%。根据句子分析可知，空处需填非谓语动词，Chinese people's interest和compare为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填compared。
（9）improvement.考查不可数名词。句意：质量的提高以及品牌化促进了国内产品的发展。根据句子分析可知，此空为主语，空前定冠词the,故此空应用名词，故填improvement。
（10）innovative.考查形容词。句意：此外，国内品牌在年轻顾客中变得越来越流行，是因为他们创新地使用了中国传统元素和文化。根据空后的名词use可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词，故填innovative。

【2021-2022学年第一学期江苏省镇江市高二上学期期末考试英语试题】
With just over four months 【小题1】（go）before the Beijing Winter Olympics open on Feb 4, the organizers unveiled（揭开）a series of posters for the event at the opening ceremony of Beijing Design Week on Wednesday. Three sets of 【小题2】（office）posters feature the Games' emblem and mascots（会徽和吉祥物）, while promotional posters were selected from among thousands of entries received for 【小题3】design competition.
【小题4】makes the posters stand out is their attractive 【小题5】（combine）of winter sports action, Chinese cultural elements, landmarks of the host city and contemporary design, 【小题6】makes them a strong package presenting the image of the Games 【小题7】the world while building on anticipation（预料）of the Olympics." said Chen Ning, director of the commttee's culture and ceremony department. The set of six posters primarily 【小题8】（feature）the Games mascots—Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon—on red paper-cut works, reminders of the traditional window decorations 【小题9】（see）during Chinese holidays.
The posters 【小题10】（mean）to promote Olympic values, express the passion of Chinese people for winter sports and highlight Beijing's major attractions.
【答案】
【小题1】to go【小题2】official【小题3】a【小题4】What【小题5】combination【小题6】which【小题7】to【小题8】features【小题9】seen【小题10】are meant

【江苏省天一中学2020---2021学年度高二上学期英语期末考试卷】
第二节 　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
German researchers have found what might be a popular new way to lose weight---eat a big breakfast. It could become 36. biggest diet fashion ever for those 37. (want) to lose weight. Last month, a study38. 　　 (conduct) how a large breakfast affected the body's metabolism(新陈代谢). A larger breakfast and smaller dinner will39. (great) improve process called diet-induced- thermogenesis(DIT食物的生热效应) in 40.　　　　　the body produces heat to burn up calories(卡路里)
　 41.　　 (eat)a big breakfast led to 2.5 times higher rates of DIT. Researcher Dr Juliane Richter said the study showed that big breakfast, regardless of the number of calories it has, 42. 　　(create)twice as much DIT as the same meal eaten for dinner. She said, "Our result is of great
43. (important)for all people as it stresses the value of eating enough at breakfast. "She recommends that patients with obesity as well 44. healthy people eat a big breakfast rather than a large dinner 45. (reduce)body weight and　prevent some diseases.
【答案】
36. the 　　 37. wanting 　　 38. was conducted 　　39. greatly 　　40. which
41. Eating 　　 42. creates 　　 43. importance 　　44.as 　　 45. to reduce

【习题补充】
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
We rely on news 56 __________(learn) about things around us. However, reports on the same events contain different information. That's because journalists may have different 57 __________ (priority). Another reason why news reports on the same event may contradict each other 58 __________ terms of factual details is that events in the real world are usually complicated and 59_________ (constant) changing. When we come across such factual differences in news reports, we should not rush to the conclusion that the news report gives false information. Instead, check when the reports 60 __________(complete). Because news reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as news facts are brought to light. Therefore. 61_________ (check) different sources enables us to draw 62________ more informed conclusion.
To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from 63_________ (vary) perspectives and at different stages, which 64 ___________ (bring) us a more accurate understanding of a situation. We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to blindly trust 65 _________ we have read.
【答案】
56. to learn 57. priorities 58. in 59. constantly 60. were completed
61. checking 62. a 63. . various/varied 64. brings 65. what
【解析】
（56）to learn.考查动词不定式。句意：我们依靠新闻来了解周围的事物。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是rely on，此空处需要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to learn。
（57）priorities.考查名词。句意：这是因为记者们的工作重点不同。different修饰可数名词的复数，priority"优先事项"是可数名词。故填priorities。
（58）in.考查介词。句意：关于同一事件的新闻报道可能在事实细节方面相互矛盾的另一个原因是，现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的。固定短语in terms of"在.. .方面"，此空处缺少介词。故填in。
（59）constantly.考查副词。句意：关于同一事件的新闻报道可能在事实细节方面相互矛盾的另一个原因是，现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的，并且不断变化。and为并列连词，其上文是complicated"复杂的"是形容词，所以空后的changing也是形容词。副词可以修饰形容词，constant"不断的"是形容词，其副词形式是constantly。故填constantly。
（60）were completed.考查主谓一致和语态。句意：相反，检查报告何时完成。主语the reorts和谓语complete是被动关系，根据句意可知检查报告是过去的事情，再根据主谓一致原则。故填were completed。
（61）checking.考查现在分词。句意：检查不同的来源使我们能够得出更明智的结论。分析句子可知，句子缺少主语，check与其逻辑主语us是主动的关系，故应用动名词短语作主语。故填checking。
（62）a.考查冠词。句意：检查不同的来源使我们能够得出更明智的结论。固定短语draw a conclusion"得出结论"，此空后的more informned作conclusion的定语，more是辅音音素开头的单词，此空处缺少冠词。故填a。
（63）various/varied.考查形容词。句意：总而言之，从不同角度阅读新闻报道是明智的。perspectives"角度"是名词，形容词可以修饰名词，vary"变化"是动词，其形容词形式是various/varied。故填various/varied。
（64）brings。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：综上所述，从不同角度、不同阶段阅读新闻报道是明智的，这会让我们对形势有更准确的理解。在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，先行词是前面这一件事，which在从句中作主语，再由主句的谓语用了一般现在时，所以从句的谓语也应用一般现在时。故填brings。
（65）what.考查宾语从句。句意：我们还需要对我们收到的信息持批评态度，记住不要盲目相信我们读到的东西。分析句子可知，动词trust后是宾语从句，在宾语从句中谓语have read后又缺宾语，需要表示"什么"的意思的连接代词只有what。故填what。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As computing power increases and algorithms (运算法则) become ____36____ (complicated) and even cleverer, AI develops at a very rapid pace. You can better enjoy your life by pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you. Some essential abilities ____37____ (learn) from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform tasks like humans are what AI is expected to gain. The term AI ____38____ (coin) in the mid-1950s. That Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 was ____39____ breakthrough in AI.
Nowadays, AI is being applied in many ____40____ (field), such as finance, health care and so on. In short, this technology is transform