倒装及虚拟语气.doc

倒装英语句子正常的语序是“主语+谓语”。如果谓语或谓语的一部分位于主语之前,这种句式就称为倒装。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。一、 考查完全倒装1. At the foot of the mountain_ . A. a village lie B. lies a villageC. does a village D. lying a village二、所谓部分倒装就是谓语中的一部分(通常是助动词,情态动词或系动词)放在前面,其余部分放在主语之后。命题时主要和动词时态联系在一起考查主语。1. (1) 常用于倒装结构表示否定意义的单词或短语有: not, never, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, barely, nowhere, not until, not only, scarcely/barely /hardly . when, no sooner . than 等。Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.(2)决不： by no means, in no case, at no time, in no way, under no circumstances, at no point, on no account, on no condition,2: 句首状语若由“only +副词,only +介词短语,only +状语从句”(only before/ after/ when /if)构成,通常引起部分倒装。Only in this way can you have a better future.Only after I finish my term paper can I go on holiday3: 以so开头的 so . that“如此以至于”句型中,应运用倒装结构。基本结构是: so + adj. / adv. + 助动词+主语+谓语+ that 从句。So weak is she that she cant say a word.4: 省略if的虚拟条件句应运用倒装结构5: so / neither / nor位于句首的倒装结构。I dont like English, neither/ nor does he.I dont like English, he doesnt either.6: as 意为“尽管”引导让步状语从句的倒装结构。1) 形容词/副词 + as+ 主语 +动词Young as he is, he knows a lot about history.2) 过去分词+ as + 主语 + 系动词Well-written as the book is, its author is not satisfied.3) 名词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词Girl as she is, she is brave enough to face any difficulty.4) 动词原形+ as +主语+谓语的另外一部分(通常是情态动词或助动词)Try as we might, we could not bring him around to accept our view.1. Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means_with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied2. Never in my wildest dreams_these people who are living in such poor conditions. A. I could imagineB. could I imagineC. I couldnt imagineD. couldnt I imagine 3. Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner_than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had goneC. has she gone D. she has gone4. Never before_in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. A. has this city beenB. this city has beenC. was this cityD. this city was 5._snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring 7. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _any end to their influence on mans lives. A. there is B. there areC. is there D. are there 1._by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet2. Only then _ how much damage had been caused. A. had she realized B. she realizedC. did she realize D. she had realized1. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be2. So difficult _it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I findC. I have found D. have I found3._about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple wereD. The couple was such curious 1. Its burning hot today, isnt it?Yes,_yesterday. A. So was it B. So it wasC. So it is D. So is it 1._ , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. . A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student 2._ , Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. She might as try D. Might she as try虚拟语气虚拟条件句if从句主句与现在事实相反If+S+did/wereS+would/should/could/might+do与将来事实相反。(1) If+S+did/were(2) If+S+should do(3) If+S+were to doS+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反If+S+had doneS+would/should/could/might have doneIf there were no air or water, no living things would live on the earth.Were there no air or water, no living things would live on the earth.Without/ but for air or water, no living things would live on the earth.If I had taken your advice, I would have become an experienced doctor.If I shuold have enough money, I would travel the moon this summer.I didnt know you were ill, or/otherwise I would have come to see you.1. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone2. If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday.A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed3. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting.A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come4. Without /But for electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be5. He had to do some important work at the lab, or he _ to help you.A. would come B. would have come C. came D. has come6. If you _ see Mr. Allen, give him my regards. A. should B. would C. shall D. willIf it doesnt rain, I will go camping.7. _ he be interested in that film, he might go to see it with me. A. Should B. Would c. Are D. Were8. They would still be missing at sea if a passing ship _ them. A. did not spot B. had not spotted c. was not spotting D. would not spot1. 错综时间条件句：有时在非真实条件句中，主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这时主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。如：Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.如果我今天早上出来的时候带着伞的话，现在就不会淋湿了。（从句说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be all right now.如果你（那时）听从我的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。（从句说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）If I hadnt finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow.如果到现在为止我还没有完成作文的话，我明天还要接着写。（从句说的是现在的事情，而主句说的是将来的事情）2含蓄虚拟条件句：有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。主要有以下几种情况。1) 用with, without，but for等介词短语来替代条件从句, 它们都可以转换成由if引导的虚拟条件句。如：We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadnt helped us.如果（那时）没有你们的帮助，我们可能已经死了。Without the sun, nothing would grow. = If there was no the sun, nothing would grow.没有太阳，万物都不能生长。2) 用or, otherwise, but that, suppose/ supposing (that), provided / providing (that) 等引导的虚拟语气。如：You didnt come yesterday, or you would have seen him.你昨天没有来，否则的话，你就已经看到他了。I was very busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.我上周很忙，否则的话，我就来看你了。3) 通过上下文来表示虚拟：这种情况下，需要加以分析。I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then.我（那时如果有钱的话）就可以给你更多的钱了，但是我当时太穷了。I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number.我本来可以给你打电话，但是我（那时）忘了你的电话号码。Having known the fact in time, we couldnt have said that. = If we had known the fact in time, we couldnt have said that.如果我们（那时）及时知道事实的话，就不会说那件事了。Any man in his position would have done that.处于他那个位置的任何人都会那样做的。3. 在if it were/had been not for 句型中的虚拟语气If it were not for,表示对现在事实的假设；If it had not been for,表示对过去事实的假设。If it were not for the Internet, everything would be very difficult.要不是互联网，一切都会变得很难。Had it not been for your overcoat, I would have died.要不是你那件大衣，我就被冻死了1. _ the thick forest, we would often have to suffer from a sandstorm.A. If it is not forB. If it were not for C Is it not for D. Was it not for2. _ your offer of rice and vegetables, we would have gone hungry.A. If it hasnt been forB. WithC. Has it not been forD. Had it not been for 6. If I _ a lot of money like you, I _ buy that large company.A. had, would buyB. have, wouldC. had, would have boughtD. have had, would have bought8. If I _ out to work last year, I _ much more money.A. had gone, would make B. had gone, would have madeC. went, would makeD. went, would have made9I supported him in time, otherwise he _off the bike.A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen25. I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me.A. didnt know B. hadnt know C. would have known D. havent known11. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly14. If I had worked harder at school, I _ in a comfortable office now.A. would sit B. would have sat C. would be sitting D. were sitting36. We _ our lives had it not been for the policeman.A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost其他虚拟语气1. wish / if only/hope1）I wish /if onlyI were ten years younger.2)I wish /if onlyI would travel the moon this summer.3) I wish /if only hadnt said that2. as if/as though3.从句跟 should+do1) Advise, propose, suggest, urge, order, command, recommend, insist , require, request, demand2) it is +adj +that necessary, essential, advisable, vital, important, imperative, urgent，best 3） Lest / for fear thatTake the umbrella lest it rain.Take the umbrella in case it rains.2. would rather /its (high /about) timeI would rather I did it by myself.It high time you studied hard.13. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try14. He demanded that the laboratory report _ immediately after the experiment was done.A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written15. The man insisted that he _ there.A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent18. It is required that you _ at six.A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive19. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew20. He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _.A. was far away B. had been far away C. were far away D. went far away.26. Its high time that we _ to school.A. would to B. went C. go D. will go27. It seems as if it _ rain.A. will to B. is going to C. is to D. were going to28. Id rather you _ right away.A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave29. He is working hard for fear that he _.A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail30. It is really strange that the girl _ so early.A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry32. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given34. He insisted that he _ me before.A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw38. He wishes _ mistakes.A. he doesnt always make B. he isnt always makingC. he didnt always make D. he wouldnt always making39. It _ very nice if only it were possible.A. will be B. would be C. is D. were41. I wish I _ what to do.A. knew B. have known C. know D. would know45. It is high time we _ off.A. are B. were C. be D. will bewish/ If only