虚拟语气..doc

虚拟语气一、语气的种类：语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对说话内容的看法、态度。1、陈述语气：表示说话人认为他们所说的话是事实。（肯定、否定、疑问和感叹）。My friend never looks for trouble.What can I do for you?How disappointed Jenny was!2、祈使语气：表示说话人提出请求、命令或劝告等。Come and play football with us.Dont leave todays homework for tomorrow.Would you please open the door?3、虚拟语气：表示说话人认为他们所说的话是和事实相反的主观设想或主观愿望。How I wish I had been there.If I were a bird, I could fly.二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法If we had time, we should ( would ) read it again.If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim.If I were you, I would study much harder.1.与现在事实相反的假设从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 Exercises:1.If there were no Subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. would be D. could have been2. If I _ in your shoes, I could travel around the world. A. am B. was C. were D. had been3. If he _ to do so, he could find the time. A. wants B. wanted C. would want D. has wanted4. If John _ that, he would scold you. A. learns B. has learned C. learned D. would learn5. If Peter _ in your shoes, he wouldnt do that. A. were B. had been C. would be D. is6. If Mr. Smith were here, he _ me how to do it. A. told B. had told C. is going to tell D. would tell7. It they had time, they _ another try. A. would have B. should have had C. are going to have D. hadIf they had known their address, they would have written to her.If I had taken her advice, I should not have made such a mistake.If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.2.与过去事实相反的假设从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式Exercises:1. If Ella _ earlier, she would have caught the last bus. A. came B. comes C. would come D. had come2. Tom wouldnt have blamed her if she _ to him yesterday. A. explained B. would explain C. had explained D. should explain3. Mary _ Henry if she attended that meeting. A. would have known B. had known C. should know D. knows4. Jane _ fewer mistakes if she had been more careful. A. would make B. made C. would have made D. had made5. If you_ with us yesterday, you wouldnt have lost your way. A. were B. should have been C. would be D. had been6. If the boy hadnt died, he _ a happy life. A. could have led B. had led C. leads D. had been living7.We _ out if it had rained last night. A. didnt go B. wouldnt have gone C. hadnt gone D. should go 8. If Susan had told him, what do you think he _ then?A. will say B. might say C. might have said D. would say9. If the doctor_, the poor fellow would have died. A. had come B. hadnt come C. should come D. would have come 10. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented11.If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded12. What would you have done last night if you _ to do your washing? A. hadnt had B. didnt have C. havent D. hadnt13. He is not a college graduate but he would have been a useful man if he _educated. A. has B. was C. were D. had been 14. I didnt know Smith was coming until now. If you had let me know yesterday, I _ to the airport to meet him. A. would have gone B. would go C. will have gone D. will go If there were a storm tomorrow, what would you do? If she were to come here tomorrow, I would /should come .If he came in half an hour ,I would / should go to see you with him.3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 Exercises:1. I dont think he will attend the party, but if he _ the party, what would he wear? A. should attend B. would attend C. attended D. had attended2. If he _ in a day or two, I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. have returned3. If John _ here tomorrow, he would bring you what you have been expecting. A. comes B. would come C. came D. come4. What would you do if you _ him? A. had met B. should meet C. would have met D. would meetWere I to do it, I would do it better.Had he made full use of his time, he would have finished his work.Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do?省去if 的虚拟条件句，应将Were 、had、 should提到句首。With your help, we could have done better.Without the sun, there would be no living things on the earth.She would have come to see you, but she was so busy that day.由with, without, but for(如果没有.，要不是) 引出的含蓄虚拟条件句。If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I had a car now, I would drive you to Qingdao tomorrow.If that boy hadnt died, he would live a happy life now.有时主从句所表示的动作在时间上不一致，这时动词的形式要根据所表示的时间进行调整，这是混合虚拟条件句。Exercises:1. If you had seen the doctor yesterday, you _ well now. A. are B. might be C. has been D. being 2. Had you not walked so long a distance, you _ tired now. A. had been B. are not C. wouldnt be D would have been3. _ free tonight, she would go to the concert. A. Has Mary been B. Would Mary be C. If Mary will be D. Should Mary be4. _yesterday, Robert would have stayed at home. A. Had it rained B. Should it rain C. Were it to rain D. Did it rain5. Without water, there _ no fish. A. will be B. is C. hadnt been D. would be6. Without your suggestion, I_ my work so well. A. wont do B. wont have done C. dont do D. couldnt have done 7. But for Anns kind help, Sue _ that skirt. A. couldnt make B. cant make C. wont have made D. wouldnt have made8. But for air and water there _ no life on the earth. A. would be B. is C. will be D. have been9. If you _ with George yesterday morning, you would not be so angry now. A. talked B. were talking C. would talk D. had talked 10. I would go to the concert but I _ no time. A. had B. had had C. have D. has had三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 1、 一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求:insist; order, command; suggest, advise, propose; ask, demand, require, request 用sb. + ( should ) + vHe suggested that we ( should ) put the match off.She insisted that she ( should ) go alone.I propose that we should ( make ) a plane.He asks that John ( should ) be fired.The Emperor ordered that the cloth ( should ) be woven for him in three days.He insists that he should be sent to the front.He insists that you are right.She insisted that he had killed the dog three days ago.I suggested that we should go home.His expression suggested that he was angry.Her pale face suggests that he is ill.当insist表示“坚持认为”、“坚持说”;suggest表示“暗示”、“表明”时，则不用虚拟语气，而应用陈述语气。2.表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望。“要是就好了”、“悔不该”、“但愿”。谓语动词形式为：与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 I wish I were ten years younger.I wish I knew how to drive a car.I wish I could do the work now.I wish I had gone to see the film.I wish I had listened to the lesson attentively.I wish I could have realized the importance of English earlier.I wish you would go with me to Chongqi tomorrow.I wish it wouldnt rain tomorrow.Exercises:1.James wishes that he _ with his father. A. could go abroad B. will go abroad C. has gone abroad D. is abroad2. Mary wishes that she _ where she has put her dictionary. A. knows B. remembers C. had remembered D. remembered3. Cathy wishes that she _ Mary about the test. A. doesnt tell B. didnt tell C. hadnt told D. hasnt told4. Fred wished that he _ more careful in the past test. A. would be B. should be C. had been D. was5. Stella wished that she _ in better living conditions. A. has been B. were C. is D. will be6. My boss insisted that I _ the work before 5 oclock. A. finished B. can finish C. finish D. must finish7. Lily suggested that the dinner _ at once. A. be prepared B. was prepared C. were prepared D. would be prepared8. Henrys voice suggested that he _ from England. A. should be B. was C. be D. has been 四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用It is important that every student ( should ) master at least one foreign language.It is strange that he should have so many friends.It is necessary that we should hold a meeting tonight.It was natural that he should think so.1. 用在句型 It is + adj. (important, strange, necessary, natural) + that clause中，用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此、不相信等。谓语动词用（should） +vIt is a pity that they should miss the train.It is a shame that he should make so many friends.2. 用在句型It is a pity ( a shame, no wonder) that sb.（should） + vIt was suggested that our English evening should be put off till next week.It is ordered that we should get everything ready by tonight.3. It is ( was ) suggested ( asked, demanded, ordered, required, requested)+ that sb. should + vExercises:1.It is necessary that the problem _ at the meeting. A. should be discussed B. will be discussed C. were discussed D. was discussed2. Its important that Jane _ Mr. Black for advice. A. will turn to B. should turn to C. has turned to D. turned to 3. It is a pity that he _ such a golden chance. A. missed B. misses C. would miss D. should miss 五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用1、as if, as though:He looked after the orphan as if he _( be ) her own child.It seems as if it _ ( be ) summer already.They talked as if they _( be ) friends for many years.She talked about the Great Wall as if she _( be ) there.He felt as if he _( be ) going to die.They talked as if they _( go ) to Chongqin tomorrow. 2、even if Even if I were there, I shouldnt be able to solve the problem by myself.Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay. even if引导的让步状语从句 , 其结构与if虚拟结构相同。 Exercises:1. Charles looked as if he _ ill for a long time. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. may be2. It seems as if he _ there yesterday. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 3. He talks as though he _ to help her with her homework. A. starts B. would start C. started D. has started 4. Even if we _ , we will not stop trying. A. fail B. failed C. were failed D. will fail 六、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法My suggestion is that we ( should ) start out at once.The teachers order is that we ( should ) hand in our exercises today.The suggestion that this problem should be solved in another way is good.The order that we should hand in our exercises today is the teachers.常用的名词有：suggestion, advice, proposal, order, command, request, requirement, demand, wish, 从句中的谓语动词用should + v虚拟语气的其他用法1. It is ( high, about, the very ) time thatIt is high time that we should go to school. went to school.It is the time that the problem should be solved. ( was solved ).此句型中，从句谓语动词有两种形式：其一用动词过去时；其二用should + v，其中should 不能省。2.Id rather thatId rather you _ (go) home yesterday.Id rather he _ (paint) it blue.Id rather we _ (have) an exam tomorrow. 此句型中，从句谓语动词有两种形式：其一指过去，用过去完成时；其二指现在或将来，用过去时。3. if only“但愿，要是就好了”，谓语动词与wish 相同If only he werent so lazy.If only the rain would stop.If only she had known about it. 虚拟语气在口语中的运用Long live our friendship!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!表祝愿，用动词原形。May you be happy!May you succeed!May + S + V虚拟语气练习一1. If I had time, _ see that new movie at the University Theatre. A. Ill B. I shall C. I may D. Id2. If we hadnt lost our way, We _sooner. A. have arrived B. arrived C. will arrive D. would have arrived3. Because Rose did so poorly in the exam, she wishes that she _harder last night. A. studied B. could study C. had studied D. would have studied4.the old lady dresses as if it _ winter even in summer. A. will be B. would be C. were D. is 5. She _ to join us in our work if you had explained everything to her. A. will agree B. might have agreed C. agreed D. has agreed 6. “Why didnt Tom give you one of his storybooks?”“I didnt want one, but he would have given me one if I _.” A. do B. would C. will D. had7. What a hero he was! A man less brave _ to work in the enemy head-quarters(司令部）. A. wouldnt dare B. wouldnt have dared C. didnt dare D. hadnt dared8. _, Id have told you. A. If I would have known it B. If I had have known it C. Had I known it D. Should I known it 9. Helen couldnt go to France after all. Thats too bad, Im sure she would have enjoyed it if_. A. Shed gone B. Shed go C. Shes gone D. Shell go 10. I was ill that day, otherwise, I _ the meeting. A. would attend B. had attend C. would have attended D. attended11. “Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?”“No, if he had, I dont believe, _ broken the living-room window. A. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he has12. “ Do you have a dictionary?”“No. but I wish I_.” A. have B. did C. do D. have had13. Your examination results were quite good, But _ if you had spent less time in playing football. A. wouldnt you have been better B. wont you be better C. wouldnt you be better D. will you be better14. His doctor suggested that he _a short leave of absence. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took15. You look so tired tonight. It is high time you _. A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed16. Without your help, we_ so much. A. will not achieve B. didnt achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved17. The housemaster was strict. He required that we _ TV on week nights. A. not watch B. would be watching C. mustnt watch D. havent watched18. it is necessary that the new clothes_ at once for the emperor. A. was woven B. should be woven C. were woven D. would be woven 19. If we _ yesterday, we _ the work. A. werent interrupted, would finish B. didnt interrupt, would finish C. hadnt interrupted, had finished D. hadnt been interrupted, would finish 20. But for the