虚拟语气与倒装.doc

虚拟语气与倒装表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用 were)Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动词原形(do)表示过去情况过去完成式(had +done上面4个情态动词+have done表示将来情况过去式 (did)should + dowere to do4个情态动词 + do1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do例句1. I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边。2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。5. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。例句1) The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。2) He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。3) He insisted that he was right.主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.虚拟语气中的几个特例1. if only 只要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.2. Its (high/right) time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do Its time that you left here.高考重点考点倒装结构全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如： Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如： Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。二.部分倒装原则：1）主从不倒装2）双重否定不倒装1）only + 状语/状语从句 部分倒装only at work does he fell happy.only when you get 900 will you feel better.2) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。例如：as Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。ild fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后 Not until the ch离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.3) so that such thatso busy is he that he cant leave.such a nice dog does he have that he likes it very much.4) 承前肯否 so, neither, nor作部分倒装 用这些词表示也.也不 的句子要部分倒装。例如：Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。If you wont go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。-Its raining hard.-So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。语法口诀串记： 倒装结构两大类，部分全倒主看谓，句首强调there be,部分倒装分四种，only 加状语在句首,否定副词提句首,so that 结构so 提前,承前否定neither/so