M6U3.Grammar.doc

Module 6 Unit3 Understanding each other

Grammar 主备：严鑫鑫 审核：谢琴

Part I Preview sheet
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，其构成有三种形式：
一.1．表示与现在事实相反的条件
If I lived on the moon, I might see the beauty—Chang’e.
If I were you, I should go and try.
2．表示与过去事实相反的条件
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.
If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping.
3．表示在将来不太可能实现的条件
表示在将来不太可能实现的条件从句有三种形式：
If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him.
If she had time, she could help me.
If it should rain, the crops could be saved.
If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way.
总结：虚拟语气结构

If 从句
主句
与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反

4．省略if的条件句 在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should放在主语前，用倒装结构。
Were it necessary, I might go without delay.
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.
Should I have time, I would call on her.
Were I to do the work, I should do it in a different way.

二．If引导的混合虚拟语气中：
体会下面句子中的虚拟语气
a) If you had gone to bed earlier last night,you wouldn't be sleepy now.
b) If you had turned right just now, you wouldn't be in trouble now.

三．虚拟语气其他形式：
a) with, without, but for 等介词短语代替条件句
But for the rain, the crops would have died.
(= If __________________________)
Without the teacher’s help, he couldn't have made such great progress in English.
(= If ____________________________________)
b). otherwise, but, or 常把真实情况和虚拟语气混合（重、难点）
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
I would have taken part in the sports meeting，but I was ill that day.
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.

四 . 虚拟语气的其他形式：
1. 与现在、将来相反用过去时，与过去时间相反使用过去完成时：
a. would rather 引导的虚拟语气, 但注意：would rather后所跟句子不接过去将来时。
I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.
I would rather you had come yesterday.

b. If /as if/ if only,wish ,…引导的虚拟条件句。
If only I __had seen my favorite star yesterday.
If only night were day.
If only she would go with me!
I wish I were a bird.
I wish I had not seen him yesterday.
I wish the rain would/could stop.

2. 由 should +do, 构成的虚拟语气：
A. 在由
一个坚持（insist）,
两个命令（order, command）,
四条建议（advise, suggest, propose，recommend）,
四项要求（demand, require, request, ask,urge）等词引导的从句中，should可省
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English.
The teacher gave us the suggestion that each student (should) sing a song in English.
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
比较：He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health.
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.
总结_________________________________________________
B.“for fear that /in case+主语+ should +动词原形”。
I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb you.

C. It is time that children went to sleep.
It is high time that children should go to sleep.

D. It is important/necessary/ordered that we (should) work out a study plan.
It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings.
It is a pity/shame that I should be at school instead of lying here in hospital.

Part 2 Activity leading sheet

一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Seeing how worried he is now, I wish I ________ (not tell) him the truth.
2. The professor is said to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______ (focus) more on its culture.
3. If he ______ (follow) my advise, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
4. David could have came to help, but he _________ (be) busy.
5. My little son often says that if he had a time machine, he ________ (travel) back to the past.
6. He didn't come yesterday, otherwise he __________( meet) the famous artist.
7. If only there _____ ( be) a kind of language that all the people could understand and use.
8. The naughty boy insisted that he ______ (do) nothing wrong.
9. It's high time that I _______ (go) home.
二、单项填空
1. — Why didn’t your brother go to help them with their work?
— He ________, but he didn’t have enough time.
A. went B. had C. would have D. would
2. — Had he told me the truth, I wouldn’t have been so worried.
— Yes. He _______ his mouth shut.
A. keeps B. has kept C. kept D. will keep
3. —Jack! My new pipe , you did it?
—Oh, no! I just had a look, Grandpa.
A. was broken B. had been broken C. has broken D. is broken
4. Miss Li requested that her students on time to every class.
A. be B. were C. must be D. has to be
5. _______ you fail to come tomorrow, give us a call in advance.
A. Would B. Should C. Could D. Wouldn’t
6. I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Were C. Had been D. Will be
7. If it were not for the fact that you ______ dance, I would go to the ball with you.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
8. Mike _________. After driving at top speed, he arrived here half an hour early.
A. mustn’t hurry B. needn’t hurry C. couldn’t have hurried D. needn’t have hurried
9. If it should rain in the following few days, the crops in the fields _____.
A. would be saved B. would have been saved
C. will be saved D. had been saved
10. _______ for the doctor’s careful treatment, he _______ till last year.
A. If it was not; couldn’t live B. Were it not; couldn’t live
C. Had it not been; couldn’t have lived D. If it had not been; couldn’t live
11. ---Mary looks hot and tired.
--- So _______ if you had a high fever.
A. do you B. you will C. would you D. you would
12. Could the party have been fairly enjoyable ____ for his unexpected coming?
A. it had not been B. if it was not C. had it not been D. if it shoud not be
13. If John his legs in the last training, he would join in the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.
A. didn’t hurt B. hadn’t been hurt C. wasn’t hurt D. hadn’t hurt
14. My newly-bought magazine is nowhere to be found. _______ I have left it on the train?
A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Would
15. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. You ______ the trouble to carry your raincoat with you.
A. mustn’t have taken B. needn’t have taken
C. couldn’ have taken D. shouldn’ have taken
16. It's time that you _____ home and I'd rather you _______ again tomorrow.
A. would go ; would come 　 B. went ; came C. go ; are coming D. are going ; will come
17. He ______ the job well, but he _________ so careless.
A. hadn't done ; had been 　　　　　　　 B. could have done ; was
C. could do ; was 　　　　　　　　　　　 D. had done ; had been

三、转换句型
1. My greatest dream is that I can go to a key university next year.
How I wish I _______ _______ to a key university next year.
2. I would like you to come here this weekend.
I'd rather you ________ _______ this weekend.
3. If you were to leave, tell me ahead of time.
_______ you ________ ________, tell me ahead of time.
4. See you are lying in hospital. Why didn’t you take my my advice earlier?
If you _______ ______ my advice, you _______ _______ lying in hospital.
5. Li Ping came to help me so that I could finish my work in time.
_________ _______ Li Ping’s help, I ________ _______ _______ my work in time.
6. My teacher often advises me to go to the English Corner to practise my spoken Engligh.
My teacher’s advice is that I _______ ______ to the English Corner to ______ my spoken English _______.
Part3 Consolidation Sheet

1.(2012天津卷) We wouldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.
A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered
2.(2012北京卷) Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
3.(2012陕西卷)If may car _________ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
4.(2012湖南卷) Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
5. (2012山东卷)If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made
6.(2012辽宁卷) Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he something instead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did
7.(2012福建卷)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
8.（2012江西卷)We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A. may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t
9.(2012浙江卷)Had they known what was coming next, they_______ second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
10. (2011北京卷)Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help now.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
11. —Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they _____ always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
12.（2010·山东卷）I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
13. （2010·江苏卷）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused
14.（2010·浙江卷）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
15.(2012太原市高三调研)What's your opinion of Mr．Li's request that we ______ spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning?
A．must B．would C．should D．could

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