英译汉常用的方法和技巧.ppt

英译汉常用的方法和技巧 词义的选择词义的选择,引申和褒贬引申和褒贬 一一.词义的选择词义的选择(1)(1)根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义“Water”:“Water”:1 1）Dont Dont waterwater the wine.the wine.别往酒里掺水。别往酒里掺水。2)2)The smoke made my eyes The smoke made my eyes waterwater.烟熏得我双眼泪水直流。烟熏得我双眼泪水直流。3)3)The child The child watered watered when he saw the mooncake.when he saw the mooncake.那小孩看见月饼就直流口水。那小孩看见月饼就直流口水。4 4）Its not a good habit for a child to Its not a good habit for a child to waterwater anywhere.anywhere.小孩随地撒小便可不是一个好习惯。小孩随地撒小便可不是一个好习惯。所以，我们在英汉翻译过程中，首先要判明这个词在原句中应属于哪一种词类，然后再进一步确定其词义。（2）根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义“hand”:1)She shook his hand and went upstairs.她和他握了下手，就上楼了。2)Mary writes a good hand.玛丽的字写得不错。3)That company was short of hands.那家公司缺少人手。4)We have the situation well in hand.我们能把握好局势。5)They give the film star a big hand.他们鼓掌欢迎这位电影明显。二 词义的引申（一）将词义作抽象化的引申1)They have their smiles and tears.他们有欢乐，也有哀愁。2)I was not one to let my heart rule my head.我不是那种让情感支配理智的人。3)His success in this field has pushed his forerunners point into the background.他在这方面的成就使其前辈们黯然失色。（起陪衬作用）（二）将词义作具体化的引申1)At the age of 16,he had learned what it is to be an orphan.16岁的时候，他就已经品尝到了孤儿的滋味。2)The boss always boasts that he has money to burn.那个老板总是吹嘘自己钱多得花不完。3)Under those conditions,all international morality or international laws become impossible.在这种情况下，一切国际道义和国际公法都失去了作用。4)that government of the people,by the people,for the people shall not perish from the earth.这个民有，民治，民享的政府，将不会从地球上消失。三 词义的褒贬（一）词本身就有褒贬意义（二）中立词的翻译1)He answered all the questions with assurance.他满怀信心地回答了所有的问题。2)He has the assurance to ask me for money.他竟然厚着脸皮向我要钱。3)Jim was an aggressive engineer who did his job quite well.吉姆是个有进取心的工程师，他工作干得很出色。4)He was so aggressive that he offended almost everyone.他过于咄咄逼人，几乎冒犯了所有人。5)The years steal by.岁月不知不觉地过去了。6)That thermometer must be lying.那个温度计一定不准。 词类转译法（一）一 转译成动词（一）名词转译成动词1)She has a firm conviction that she will overcome all the difficulties.她坚信她会克服所有的困难。1)My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.我建议他立刻戒烟。（二）前置词/介词转译成动词（三）形容词转译成动词（四）副词转译成动词1)Spring is in at last.春天终于来到了。2)The Democratic Party was then in.当时是民主党执政。3)The milk boiled over.牛奶煮溢了。二 转译成名词1)Round-the-clock service features this store.24小时服务是这家商店的特色。2)The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.我在聚会上见到的那个人，外表和谈吐都像美国人。3)He was motivated by a desire to reach a compromise.他的动机是希望达成某种妥协。（二）被动式句子的翻译（三）形容词转译成名词1)The new treaty would be good for 10 years.这个新条约的有效期为十年。2)Nylon is nearly twice as strong as natural silk.尼龙的强度几乎是天然丝的两倍。词类转译法（二）三 转译成形容词四 其他词类转译（一）形容词与副词的互相转译1)The policemen are making a comprehensive investigation of this case.警察正在全面地调查这桩案子。2)This college impressed us deeply.这所学院给我们留下了深刻的印象。3)I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.我非常感谢父亲，因为他在我小时候总是不断地鼓励我。4)Traditionally,there had always been good relations between them.他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。（二）名词与副词的互相转译1)I had the fortune to meet him.我幸运地遇到了他。2)I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。3)The image must be dimensionally correct.图形的尺寸必须正确。4)He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。