高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习.doc

为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。

    短文改错口诀：

    动词形，名词数；

    注意形和副；

    非谓动词细辨别；

    习惯用法要记住；

    句子成分多分析；

    逻辑错误须关注。

    一、动词形

    主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：

    My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. （is）

    Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. （are）

    上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。

    二、名词数

    指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：

    …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. （subjects）

    三、 区分形和副

    及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：

    I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. （wonderful）

    Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. （Unfortunately）

    需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

    四、非谓动词细辨别

    这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：

    …in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. （interested）

    Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … （playing）

    My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… （to）

    上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。

   五、习惯用法要记住

    主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：

    It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… （of）

    We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. （of）

    六、句子成分多分析

    不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：

    They ∧eager to know everything about China and… （were）

    I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （which）

    第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。

高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习
一、高考英语改错题的题型特点：
高考英语改错题一改传统的单句改错，代之以篇章为单位的短文改错。这不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。
高考英语改错题为一篇短文，十道小题。错误类型的分布情况比较稳定。在十道小题当中，一般需改动5-6处，添加和删除共3-4处，不需改动即正确的为1处。高考英语改错题的另一显著特点是每小题只需改动或增删一词或一处(正确的小题除外)。
二、正确的解题方法
因为高考英语改错题是以篇章为单位的短文改错，这就要求考生有整体观念。因此，考生应先从头到尾通读全文，在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或添删的内容。找出错误并改正后，还需要再通读全文，从整体上来检查被改正后的短文意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确。
三、错误类型
笔者对1996年以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(1996.86)意为该例句出自1996年高考英语改错题的第86小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)
1、动词时态
从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看，每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
(1)They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a
good time talking and laughing together. had(1996.92)
(2)Dear Bob，
Hello.I learn about you from my English teacher Miss
Fang. learned(1997.86)
(3)My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our
school football team. am(1998.86)
(4)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a
lot time arguing... was(1999.92)
(5)I remembered her words and calm down.
calmed(2000.83)
(6)They did not want me to do any work at home；they want
me to devote all my time to my studies so that...
do(2001.79)
(7)The time passes quickly.Evening came.
passed(2002.82)
2、名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。　　
(1)They were eager to know everything about China and
asked me lots of question. questions(1996.94)
(2)We study quite a few subject，such as
maths，Chinese，English and physics. subjects(1997.91)
(3)We practise three times every week and often watch
football match on TV together. matches(1998.88)
(4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me
success，but... schoolmates(2000.77)
(5)...；they want me to devote all my time to my studies
so that I'll get good marks in
all my subject. subjects(2001.81)
(6)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the
scenery was so beautiful. pictures(2002.82)
3、句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
(1)They∧eager to know everything about China and asked
me lots of questions.(形容词不能单独作谓语) were(1996.93)
(2)I'd like to∧your penfriend，and get to know more
about your country. be/become(1997.87)
("I'd like to..."中的"to"为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型)
(3)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.
which(1997.89)
(关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)
(4)What∧your favourite sport？
is(1997.94)
("主系表"结构中缺少连系动词)
(5)I look forward to hear from you soon.
hearing(1997.95)
(此句中"to"为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)
(6)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and
strong but also... Playing(1998.89)
(动词不能作主语)
(7)Also，the sport teaches us the important of
obedience(服从). importance(1998.93)
(形容词"important"不能作动词"teaches"的直接宾语)
(8)I was often a little tired after a day's work and
watch TV demands very little effort.
watching(1999.88)
(同(6)，动词不能作主语)
(9)Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family.
Unfortunately(1999.89)
(作为全句的状语，应该用"Unfortunate"的副词形式)
(10)...but it didn't matter that I would win or not.
whether(2000.78)
(由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句，应由whether引导)
(11)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all
they can∧make sure that I get a good education.
to(2001.78)
(此句中"all they can"为"all that they can do"的省略形式，"to make
sure that..."为动词不定式短语作目的状语)
(12)...，but we do not seem to get much time to talk
about together. about(2001.83)
(介词"about"后无宾语，此介词多余)
(13)It was about noon∧we arrived at the foot of the
mountain. when(2002.78)
(复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)
4、赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an
American family. time(1996.86)
(2)In fact，they are planning to visit China in next
year. in(1996.95)
(3)First，let me tell you something more about myself.
more(1997.88)
(4)We practise for three times every week and often
watch football match on TV together. for(1998.87)
(5)Now I can't watch much television，but a few years ago
I was used to watch it every night.much(1999.86)
(6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my English
teacher. often(2000.85)
(7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my
head touched the pillow. at(2002.85)
5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)
所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway
station and drove me to their home. of(1996.88)
(2)I use to play ping -pong a lot in my sparetime，but...
used(1997.92)
(3)Some wanted to see the programme while others
preferred another. one(1999.91)
(4)...but the others spent a lot∧time arguing and ...
of(1999.93)
(5)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt so
nervous as I shook like a leaf. that(2000.80)
(6)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in
the crowd. a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(7)Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothers
　　nor sisters-in any other words，I am an only child.
　　any(any需为删去的词)(2001.77)
6、冠词
　　英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1)不定冠词a和an互改；2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3)根据需要增删冠词。
　　(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to a
　　American family. an(1996.87)
　　(2)Each player must obey∧captain，who is the leader of
　　the team. the(1998.94)
　　(3)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in
　　the crowd. a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)
　　(4)We may be one family and live under a same
　　roof，but... the(2001.82)
　　(5)As everyone knows，it's∧famous mountain with all kinds
　　of plants and animals. a(2002.76)
7、代词
　　代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
　　(1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
　　their(1996.90)
　　(2)And they must not break the rules too often if we
　　want to win the game. we(1998.95)
　　(3)Now someone at home reads instead.
　　everyone/everybody(1999.95)
　　(4)The day before the speech contest∧English teacher
　　talked to me. my(2000.76)
　　(5)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the
　　mountain.The three of them were very excited.
us(2002.79)
8、连词及与并置问题
　　连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。
　　(1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the station
　　and drove me to their home. drive(1996.89)
　　(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and
　　strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team
　　spirit. gives(1998.90)
　　(3)She was smiling but nodding at me. and(2000.82)
　　(4)I remembered her words and clam down.
　　calmed(2000.83)
　　(5)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a
　　guest. or(2001.84)
　　(6)The food was expensive and the service was good.
　　but(2002.80)
　　(7)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting
　　temples and told stories. visited(2002.83)
9、易混淆的词或词组
　　易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。
　　(1)...but now I am interesting in football.
　　interested(1997.93)
　　(2)We must keep in mind that we play for the team
　　instead∧ourselves. of(1998.92)
　　(3)Now I can't watch television，but a few years ago I
　　was used to watch it every night.
　　was(注：was为需删去的词)(1999.87)
　　(4)Unfortunately，there are too many people among my
　　family. in(1999.90)
　　(5)They did not want me to do any work at family；they
　　want me to... home(2001.80)
　　(6)Do they really understand their daughter？What things
　　are in other homes，I wonder. How(2001.85)
　　(7)Evening came down. down(注：down为需删去的词)(2002.83)
　　以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。
高考改错口诀

（一） 见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语
见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称
见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理
小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级
（二） 谓与非谓经常混, 谓语句中就一个
其余动词非谓语, 常见形式有三种
ving ved 和to do, 主宾通常ving
现在分词表主动, 过去分词表被动
目的要用不定式, 改错要想拿高分
语法口诀要记牢
（三） 规则是说谎 lie lied lied
不规则是躺 lie lay lain
躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid
下蛋不规则

01
In Feb. 2nd 1979, China’s Vice-premier 76．
Deng Xiaoping was at a visit to the U.S. 77．
He was in the space flight center near to Houston 78．
Texas. Sat in the pilot’s seat of a model of 79．
a space shuttle（航天飞机）,he was
asked to touch a button 80．
to make it landing on the earth from 81．
a height of 95,000 feet, that he did. From 82．
windows of the craft, he could see the earth 83．
coming up to meet him as a returned space pilot 84．
would see it. Millions of people in both China and
the US watch this on TV with delight. 85．
02
Some Americans judge success on the length 76．
of his vacations . The man who gets a month’s 77．
vacation each year consider himself more successful 78．
than the man gets two weeks . Many people want 79．
to be teachers because it is teachers who can 80．
get three-month vacation every year . Some college 81．
teachers who teach the three classes consider 82．
themselves less successful than that who teach 83．
only one or two , or none in all . In short , the less 84．
work Americans do , the less successful they 85．
consider themselves .
03
A man with two bad burned ears went to see 76．
his doctor. “What has happened on you?” asked the 77．
doctor. “Well, my wife is ironing while 78．
I was watching a ball game on TV. She put on the 79．
hot iron near the telephone then my phone 80．
rang. I answered the iron instead of the phone.” 81．
The doctor nodded. “But what had 82．
happened to other ear?” The man said, “Hardly had 83．
I hanged up, when the same person called up 84．
again.” The doctor can’t help laughing when he heard this. 85．
04
Dear classmates,
Now I’d like to tell you why I learn English. I often 56._____________
read English aloud and try learn something important by 57. ____________
hearts, which helps me remember it easily and form 58. ____________
the good habit of thinking in English. I listen to a lot and 59. ____________
talk with others in English. In this way, I was improved 60. ____________
my spoken English. I keep a diary in English every day but 61. ____________
my writhing English is becoming better and better. I also try 62. ____________
my best to master the necessary grammar. With this means, 63. ____________
I can express myself in English correct. That’s the way I 64. ____________
have been learning English. I hope it will be useful to you. 65. _____________
That’s all. Thank you.
05
Dear Li Ming
I have received your letter just now. Don’t worry about me. 86．____________
I’m getting on well with my research works in the lab. But 87．____________
to my surprise you say you will give up learn English. 88．____________
The reason is because you have not done well in it recently 89．____________
and you have lost interesting. I’m afraid I can’t agree with 90．____________
you. I know it is not easy to learn English, and English 91．____________
is widely used in the world today and it will be important 92．____________
tool in their future work. Besides, it is becoming more 93．____________
and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, and 94．____________
you will succeed. Do remember that where there is a will there 95．____________
is a way. I’m looking forward to hearing good news from you.
06
Dear Mary,
I have received your E-mail just now. Don’t worry about me. 76.
I’m getting on well with my research works in the lab. But 77.
to my surprise you say you will give up learn English. 78.
The reason is because you have not done well in it recently 79.
and you have lost interest. I’m afraid I couldn’t agree with 80.
you . I know it is not easy to learn English, and English 81.
is widely used in the world today and it will be important 82.
tool in their future work. Besides, it is becoming more 83.
and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, and 84.
you will succeed. Do remember that where there is a will there 85.
is a way. I’ m looking forward to hearing good news from you. 86.
07
A boy who was cleaning the shoes in the street said to 76．
a young man passed by , “Let me clean your boots . It’ll 77．
spend you only a penny .” But the young man refused. Then 78．
the boy told him that he will clean his boots for nothing . 79．
The young man agreed , and soon a boot shining brightly . 80．
Then he put the other boot on the box , and the boy refused 81．
to clean it unless he was paid two pence for his work . The 82．
young man refused to pay for anything and went away . But 83．
the well-cleaning boot made the dirt