八年级英语下册 Chapter 3 A dangerous servant教学设计 牛津沈阳版-牛津沈阳版初中八年级下册英语教案.doc

Chapter 3 A dangerous servant本章的主题是电。电已经成为人类生活中不可缺少的重要组成部分。不难想象，没有电，世界将会是怎样一种状态。 本章通过对电的来源、电器及其安全使用进行介绍和讨论，不仅帮助学生掌握情态动词的用法、一些科普英语、科普知识，增强安全用电的意识，而且培养学生学会观察、分析周围事物的理解探究能力。因为生活中与电有关的话题无处不在，所以老师课前可发动学生搜集生活中熟悉的电器词汇。 预计课时：10课时 Reading 导入（Lead-in） 由Daily talk谈论师生早餐引出energy，指出Food is a kind of energy. 再介绍常见的几种能量分类：sound energy/heat energy/light energy/movement energy/ 解决部分单词。 让学生先看本课的卡通画，引出： The energy of the robot comes from electricity. 并解释Electricity is a kind of energy we cannot see. 我们可以把电转换成我们可以看见、听到、感觉的能量。 介绍几个电器名词，学生对日常电器非常熟悉，运用这个初始活动有效地激发学生对主题的兴趣，同时解决部分单词mobile phone, rice cooker，让学生拓展其它电器名词（*）。 做A. What do you know about？ 写出书中图片所代表的电器名词，补充刚才拓展的的词汇（*）。让学生根据能量形式对这些名词进行分组。 做E1:运用投影图片帮助学生理解电从何处来，同时解决生词bulb, metre, cable, wire, power station 。 Text 做B. Look and think。 把课文作为阅读文章让学生泛读，结合E1种的流程图让学生讲述电的由来。 学生听录音，阅读课文（基础较差的班级可分两个部分阅读）。教一些生词explanation, form, scratch, invisible, connect, politely, grin, battery，注意其英文解释。老师把课文分成几部分，让学生分组讨论每部分的大意，然后全班进行大讨论（*）。 做练习C。l 精读课文后，做练习D和E2。l 在老师的指导下学生细读课文，着重阅读课文中的部分句子或段落。进一步学习重要词汇及表达方式，对部分语言点进行适当的讲解。 听课文录音。学生分段朗读。 可增加与主题有关的阅读。 * 组织辩论赛：Is electricity a good servant or a dangerous one? Listening 再次复习电器名词。 向学生介绍本课Listening训练的目的：Understanding the main points of a dialogue 帮助学生理解听力对话的背景及要求，明确任务。 让学生浏览图片。 听录音，圈出正确答案。 核实并适当讲解。 Language 向学生介绍本课Language训练的目的：熟练运用情态动词can / must / may 及其否定式的基本用法。 简要讲解要点：（1）情态动词can/cant, cannot的基本用法；（2）情态动词must/mustnt的基本用法;（3）情态动词may/ may not的基本用法; 做练习A。之后进行“才艺大比拚”的辩论赛，把全班分成两组，运用 I /We/She/He can. 或Can you?”句式。（*） 运用投影标志图片，帮助学生运用must/mustnt进行图解。课前布置学生绘制他们所知道的标志图片，课上运用must/mustnt小组口头交流图片含义（*） 。做B1 做B2，B3。基础差的班级可先进行pair work，然后再独立书面完成。基础好的班级鼓励学生答案尽可能详细些。 做练习C。pair work, 互相讨论，补充对话。让学生创设情景，请其他同学运用 May I?句式进行提问。（*） Speaking 向学生介绍本课Speaking训练的目的：区分/ l / 和 / n /的发音。如何运用所学情态动词进行情景问答。 A. Talk time 可让学生根据音乐节拍读，增加趣味性。 BSpeak up 明确题目要求。 让学生先做pair work，之后全班反馈，再把对话书写下来。根据对话内容让学生运用情态动词口头作文：How to be safe at home （*）. *Using English 向学生介绍本课Using English的目的：学会怎样在图书馆找书。 做pair work。分角色朗读对话；总结 fiction books 和non-fiction books的查找方法。 解决其中的生词。 做 B C D。 *拓展活动：实地探究本校图书馆图书的查找方法，用英语向班级进行汇报。 Writing 向学生介绍本课Writing训练的目的：理解办公室规章制度的制定过程及其分类，学会运用情态动词设计规章制度。 解决writing 中的生词。 做A B, 建议口头、笔头结合起来。 * 学生分两组制定教室规章制度，并张贴。（一组to encourage Ss behave in a good way，另一组to stop Ss from doing dangerous or bad things.） More Practice Group wok完成A ，并落实到笔头。 Brainstorm完成B，并落实到笔头。 解决C 中的生词，完成C。 * 教师检测学生对C短文的理解，让学生归纳电对人类的贡献。 Some notes to the text (仅供参考) 1. Can you get me a packet of electricity? 你能否帮我买一包电？ packet 包裹，a packet of 20 cigarettes 一盒20支香烟 a packet of sweets一包糖 2. Ive tricked Daisy at last.我终于骗了Daisy。 （1）trick V. 欺骗，欺诈 trick sb into sth/into doing sth.诱使某人做某事 e.g He tricked me into lending him 100.他骗我借给他100英镑。 n. 诡计，花招，骗局。 e.g “Trick or treat?” said the children who visited Doreens house at Halloween. “是请吃糖还是想遭殃？”万圣节到 Doreen家的孩子们说道。 The naughty children played a trick on their teacher.淘气的孩子捉弄了他们的老师。 （2）at last adv. 终于 反义词组at first 起先，开始的时候 3. You must always be careful with it.你必须总是小心使用它。 be careful with谨慎，小心。 e.g Be careful with that vase. 使用那个花瓶要小心。 Be careful! Dont cross the road when the traffic light is red.小心！不要闯红灯。 4. We can change it into forms of energy that we can see, hear or feel.我们可以把它转换成我们可以看见、听见、感觉的能量形式。 （1）change into 变为，使改变 e.g. We can change ice into water. 我们可以把冰变成水。 （2）that we can see, hear or feel是限制性定语从句，要求学生理解其意就行了。 （3）form n. 形状，外貌，形体，表格 The disease can take several forms.这种疾病可能有几种不同的形式。 5.It comes into our flat through thin wires, and these are connected to thick wires that are buried under the street.。它（电）通过细电线传到我们家，这些线和埋在大街下面的粗电缆连在一起。 （1）connect v.（常与to ，with连用）连接，结合，联结 connection n. 联系，关联 e.g. Will you connect this wire to the fridge? 你把这根电线和冰箱连上好吗？ His flight to Amsterdam connects with an afternoon flight to New York.他飞往阿姆斯特丹的班机与下午飞往纽约的一趟航班衔接。 （2）bury v. ( -ied, -ying )埋葬，隐藏，掩蔽 The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.坑道塌方，矿工都被活埋。 She buried herself in the country to write a book.她隐居乡间写书。 附录1 8BChapter 4 词汇（*为认知词汇，为阅读材料中的生词） energy 4R43 n. 能源，精力，活力 Its important to conserve energy.节约能源十分重要。 Its a waste of time and energy.那时浪费时间和精力。 词组 sound energy声能 4R44 heat energy 热能 4R44 light energy 光能 4R44 movement energy动能 4R44 movement n. 运动，活动 4R44 联想 move v. There was a sudden movement in the grass.草丛中突然有什么东西动了一下。 electricity 4R43 n. 电，电能 The electricity is off.停电了。 electrician n. 电工，电器技师 4L48 electric, electrical( adj)辨析 electric adj 电的，用电的，电动的，发电的。n. 供电 electric通常指产生或使用电力的。 如：electric light / electric guitar / electric drill / electric blanket / electric chair electrical adj电的，用电的，发电的 electrical与更概括的名词如equipment（电气设备）和wiring（供电线路）以及与电有关的事物搭配，如：electrical equipment/ electrical signal/ electrical wiring/ electrical engineer/ electrical fault/electrical machine。 不过现在的区别并不总是那么明显。如：an electric /electrical company电力公司 an electric /electrical current电流 an electric /electrical shock 触电 rice cooker 电饭锅 iron 电熨斗 *mobile phone 手机 foolish adj. 愚蠢的 联想 近义词stupid, 反义词clever fool v. 欺骗，愚弄 n. 傻瓜 词组 change into 把变成 4R44 联想 turninto *servant n. 仆人 4R44 dangerous adj. 危险的 4R44 The traffic here is very dangerous for children.这里的交通对孩子们来说很危险。 联想 danger n. safety n.安全 safe adj.安全的 save v.拯救 词组 at last最后，终于 4R45 trick V. 欺骗，欺诈（课文分析中已有说明）4R45 *flow v. 流淌 4R45 The river flows into the sea.河流汇入大海。 *meter n.仪表,计量器 4R45 A man came to read the gas meter.有位男子来查过煤气表。 联想 meter ( metre )米，公尺 *monthly adj.每月的 adv. 每月，每月一次4R45 a monthly magazine 月刊 She gets paid monthly. 她按月领薪水。 联想month n.月 *explanation n. 解释，说明 4R45 She left the room without explanation.她未作解释就离开了房间。 联想 explain v.解释 词组 be careful with 小心，谨慎 （课文分析中已有说明）4R45 *scratch v. 抓，挠 4R45 John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打了个哈欠，挠挠下巴。 scratch your head (over sth).苦思冥想 *invisible adj. 无形的，看不见的 4R45 He can make himself invisible.他会隐身术。 词组 be connected to 与相连 （课文分析中已有说明）4R45 *bulb（light bulb）电灯泡 4R45 *bury v. ( -ied, -ying )埋葬，隐藏，掩蔽 The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.坑道塌方，矿工都被活埋。 She buried herself in the country to write a book.她隐居乡间写书。 *cable n.缆绳，钢索 4R45 *battery n. 电池 (batteries) 4R45 The battery is flat. 电池没电了。 *wire n. 金属丝，金属线 4R45 The telephone wires have been cut down.电话线已经被切断。 v.接通电源，将 连接到 The room has been wired sound.这个房间已经被装上了窃听器。 *grin n. 露齿而笑 4R45 v.(grinned) 露齿而笑 grin at sb. He was grinning from ear to ear. 他笑得合不拢嘴。 politely adv. 礼貌地 4R45 Please treat our guests politely.请礼貌待客。 polite adj. 有礼貌的 4L52 反义词impolite adj.无礼貌的 politeness n.礼貌 form n. 形式 （课文分析中已有说明）4R45 *partly adv. 一定程度上，部分地 4R46 He was partly responsible for the accident.他对这次事故只负部分责任。 *switch v. 改变，转变 n. 开关 4R48 switch on (off) 开（关）（电灯、电器等） lonely adj. 孤单的 4L50 *admission n. 入场费 4L50 *X-ray n. X光 4L50 *permission n. 允许 4L51 mark n. 成绩，分数 4L51 hopeful adj. 有希望的 4L51 联想 hope n./v. short of 短缺 4L51 worried adj. 着急的，担心的 4L51 联想 worry v. / be worried about *knot n. 结，难事 4S52 *labour n. 劳动 4S52 *believe in 信任，信仰 4S53 *correction n. 改正，纠正 4S53 联想 correct v. 改正，纠正 incorrect adj.不正确的 uncorrected adj. 未改正的 *peep-hole n. 窥视孔 4S53 *water heater n. 热水器 4S53 *fiction n. 小说 4U54 non-fiction books非小说类书籍 *catalogue n. 目录 4U54 inventor n. 发明家 4U54 联想 invent v. invention n. 发明 *mystery n. 神秘 4U55 *ghost n. 鬼 4U55 *medal n. 奖牌 4U55 *treasure n.宝藏 4U55 expect v. 期望，期待 4U55 general adj. 总的，一般的 4U55 *philosophy n. 哲学 4U55 *religion n. 宗教 4U55 include v. 包括 4U55 *applied adj. 应用的 4U55 *technology n. 技术 4U55 *literature n. 文学 4U55 *biology n. 生物学 4U55 *biography n. 传记 4U55 *economics n. 经济学 4U55 *affair n. 事物 4U55 *Buddhism n. 佛教，佛学 4U55 *Confucius 孔夫子 4U55 *beginner n. 初学者 4U55 succeed v. 成功 4U55 联想 success n. successful adj. *encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞 4U56 *behave v. 表现，举止 4U56 *behavior n. 行为，举止 *comic n.喜剧，漫画 4U56 customer n.顾客 4U56 *muscle n. 肌肉 4U56 词组be made from 用制成 4U56 *chop v. 砍，劈 4M58 *churn v.激烈搅动 4M58 附录2 情态动词can, must, may及其否定式的基本用法(仅供参考) 情态动词can 1、表示能力，许可，可能性。表示能力时译为“能、会”，即有这种能力，尤其是生下来就具备的能力。e.g. I can hear with my ears.我用耳朵听。 2、表示许可时，can不如may正式。 3、表示许可时，could比can更加客气，此时could没有过去时的意思，只是使语气更委婉。 e.g. Could /Can you help me, please? 您能帮一下忙吗？ 4、can只有现在式和过去式，在表示其它时态时，可用be able to代替. e.g. Im sure Ill be able to be there on time.（将来时）我相信我会准时到那里。 5、can 的否定式是 can not（不常用） ,cannot 或cant 6、can表示怀疑、推测时，只用于否定句及疑问句。 e.g. Can it be true? 它可能是真的吗？ 情态动词must 1、必须，应该，表示有做某一动作的必要或义务。 e.g. You must buy a ticket.你必须买张票。 2、一定，准是，表示有把握的判断或推测. 用于肯定句中。 e.g. He must be our new teacher.它肯定是我们的新老师。 3、must 和 have to区别 Must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，have to侧重于客观上的必要。Must只有一种形式，而have to则有更多的形式可用于各种时态。但Must可用于宾语从句中表示过去的必要或义务。 I havent enough money with me, so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.我没有足够的钱，所以只好向朋友借点了。 4、must的否定形式是must not, 缩写成mustnt“不可以，一定不” e.g. You mustnt take any book from the reading room.你不可以从阅览室拿走书。 5、must的疑问句的肯定回答是must，否定回答是neednt/dont have to e.g. Must I live here? 我必须住在这里吗？ Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。 No, you neednt(= No, you dont have to )不，不必了。 情态动词may 1、表示请求、许可，比Can正式，其过去式是might May I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔用一下吗？ 2、表示可能、或许，谈论可能性，表推测，一般用于肯定句。 Tomorrow I may go shopping.明天我可能去商店买东西。 3、may的否定句 may not可以表示“不可以”的意思，但单独使用时不多，大多使用于回答疑问句时。 e.g. May I come in？我可以进来吗？ No, you can/may not.(=No, you mustnt) 4、may的疑问式的肯定回答may, 否定回答may not, 若表示禁止、绝对不可以时用must not or mustnt 代替may not. e.g. May I come in？我可以进来吗？ Yes, please./ Yes, you may.可以，请进。/是的，可以。 No, you may not.不，你不行。 May I watch TV ? 我可以看电视吗？ No, you mustnt.不，绝对不行。（语气坚决） Exercise 1. -_I put my bike here? -No. You _put it beside the building. 2. Wheres my ruler? I _ find it. 3. “You _ borrow two books at a time.” said the librarian. 4. Excuse me, _ I borrow your typewriter? 5. My little sister is ill. I _ stay at home and look after her. 6. “_do all the exercises in this lesson today?” “No, you_. You _do some of them.” 7. - _ I finish the bread on the plate, Mum? Im afraid you _. 8. He _ swim and so _ I. 9. I _ get down from the tree. _you help me? 10. You _have my seat. Im leaving now. 11. You _throw the waste paper on the ground. You _ put it in the bin. 12. The teachers are working in the office now. We _ make noises here. 13.-_I use your bicycle? No, you _. You are too young. 14. Please turn on the light. I _ see the words clearly. 15. Sorry, you _use my calculator. Im using it. 16. Im afraid your bike _be put in front of the shop. 17. Look, Dick is wearing a shirt in such cold weather. He _ be from the north. 18. If you _do this test, go on to the next one. 19. _ you buy some postcards for me? 20. You _waste your time. Key: 1. May/Can, may/can 2. cant 3. may/can 4. may/can 5.must 6. Must, neednt, may 7. Must, must 8. can, can 9.cant,Can 10. may/can 11.mustnt, must 12.mustnt 13. May/Can, may not/mustnt 14.cant 15. cant 16.mustnt 17.must 18. can 19. Can 20.mustnt 附录3：课外阅读 (A) Use less electricity to help stop global warming WHEN you watch TV and play video games you make global warming worse! It may seem hard to believe, but when electricity is made, so are greenhouse gases o make electricity fossil fuels are burned in big factories. But burning fossil fuels also makes greenhouse gases. This means that every time you use electricity you help make global warming worse! Cars are also making global warming worse. They burn fossil fuels in their engines, and send lots of greenhouse gases into the air. So what can we do to stop global warming? Global warming may be a big problem, but we can all help stop it.People can try to drive their cars less. Or even get ones that run on sunlight!You can also help. Why not try one of these top ideas: 1. Try to use less electricity. Turn off lights, your television, and your computer when youve stopped using them. You could also try to watch less TV. But you may find that hard to do! 2. Plant trees. Not only is it a fun thing to do, but it is also a great way to lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air when they grow. 3. Dont throw away your rubbish, try to recycle it. If rubbish is not recycled, it is put in the ground. There it rots (腐烂) and makes a greenhouse gas called methane (甲烷). So try to recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers. Itll make you feel great! And itll help the Earth. (B)How can a bird sit on an electric wire without being shocked (受电击)? Electricity must have a complete circuit (电路) to work. A battery has two contacts (接点), one for the electricity to leave and the other for the electricity to return. An electric plug (插头) has two prongs (尖头) and two wires, for the same reason. As long as the bird is only touching one wire and nothing else, there is not a complete pathway (路径) and the bird is safe. If the bird opens its wings and comes close to a tree or another wire, then it would be shocked and killed. So if you could hang in the air and when touching a live wire, you wouldnt be shocked either. That is why it is important to keep away from electrical wires because we have to stand on the ground.