九年级英语完形填空人教四年制版.doc

九年级英语完形填空人教四年制版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
完形填空
二. 中考考点探秘：
完形填空题是对学生英语语言知识与语言运用能力的一种测试。其考查的形式灵活，综合性较强，要求考生能综合运用所学的知识在特定的语境中进行合理的推理判断，并能准确地从四个备选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文结构完整，意义通畅。

三. 重点、难点：
1. 完形填空题的特点
2. 完形填空题的设空规律
3. 做题中的推测手段
（一）完形填空题的特点
完形填空题能够较为准确地检查学生的各项知识水平和综合运用语言知识的能力。这种题型的主要考查内容为：
① 词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法；
② 固定搭配与习惯表达；
③ 阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。
近年来，完形填空题更侧重对语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。
完形填空题（cloze test）又叫“克漏字”测验。它有以下两大特点和规律：
第一，一篇完形填空题是一个有机的整体。
尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空题时，通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。考生解题时必须自始至终依托语境，注意上下文之间、词与词之间，从语法到意义的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上启下的过渡词等，如so, but, however, then, therefore, also等。
第二，完形填空题选材广泛。
它涉及社会、政治、经济；文化、教育、历史、地理、科普知识、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空题时，要快速通览全文，了解文章概貌与各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脉络，掌握文章作者的意图。在平时学习中，要注意从以下几个方面训练和提高。
（1）捕捉信息点，弄清逻辑关系：
完形填空题短文第一句话通常不设空，这给学生提供了一个语境，使学生能掌握短文的一些初始信息，例如：文章的大概内容，动作发生的基本时间，短文叙述的切入点等。这些基本信息给学生提供一个语境，使学生解题时能够依境而行。但这只是解答完形填空题的最基本的信息，考生还必须依据上下文提供的信息点（如时间、人物、地点、事件、背景等）对文章的脉络有针对性地理解和判断，弄清段落前后的逻辑关系，才能使短文内容沿着合乎逻辑的顺序发展，才能使局部和全局关系一致。
（2）明确词义辨析，考虑固定搭配：
不熟悉词语的用法和区别，尤其是同义词语的用法比较，对固定搭配不熟练或记忆不准，都会造成很大的阅读障碍和错误选择，因而考生平时学习时要注重词义辨析，牢固掌握固定搭配。只有这样，考试时才能应付自如。
（3）运用语法知识，具备各方面知识：
在分析完形填空题所给选项时，仅考虑符合短文大意和固定搭配是不够的。有些题中还须考虑语法结构是否正确，知识内容是否正确等。有些答案不能直接从短文中找到，而是需要通读全文，根据全文大意，考虑各方面的知识来选择，这就要求考生在学习中要广泛涉及各科知识，做一个学习上的有心人。
（4）检查核对，确保无误：
选好所有答案后，还需要核对检查。将所选答案一一放在短文中的空白处阅读，看看内容是否完整，语句是否通顺，语法是否有误，是否符合逻辑。有些错误只能在通读全文、考生站在整体的高度上才能发现。只有认真审核，才能提高答题的准确度。

（二）完形填空题的设空规律
为了对完形填空题的各种类型有一个深入的了解，探索一下该题型的设空规律是有必要的。
（1）上下文直接信息题：
本类题的设置特点是，四个选项之间不存在词义区别和用法比较。考生应着眼于对上下文信息的捕捉和对上下文暗示的领会。
（2）词、句、文三结合理解题：
本类题的设置特点是：其中某一个或几个选项代入空白处会使句意不通或严重违背上下句意义的衔接或直接与短文内容不符，考生在做这类题时要对各选项的词义作准确的把握。
（3）词义辨析题：
本类题的设置特点是，各选项代入空中后该句的语法都是正确的，但是句子出现了几种不同的含义。在做这类题时，考生要认真比较各词之间的细微差别。
（4）语法知识和固定短语考查题：
考生在解答本类题时要注意句子的语法结构要正确：如时态、语态等；对固定短语要注意其结构的完整性。
（5）行文逻辑和全文中心把握题：
本类题的设空特点是：把各选项中的对象代入空格中可导致上下文之间出现因果关系、递进关系、转折关系、条件关系等。做本类题时，考生要注意全文的主线或脉络，仔细分析上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而准确地选出正确答案。

（三）做题中的推测手段
（1）根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测：
注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好完形填空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断，找出既符合词义、句意，又符合上下文语境，合理的正确答案。
（2）根据语篇标志进行推测：
语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语，这些词语称为“语篇标志”，例如：表示结构层次的firstly, secondly等，表示逻辑关系的therefore, so, but等，表示话题改变的by the way等。在做完形填空题时，充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。
（3）根据文化背景知识进行推测：
完形填空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史地理知识；从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断正确答案。
（4）根据常识进行判断：
中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能力。在考查语言知识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。
（5）根据语法知识进行推测：
对于考查语法知识的考题，不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速解决问题。
（6）运用词汇知识推测答案：
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目，首先要有较大的词汇量，较强的词语搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，做题时要结合上下文的语境，确定词的意义。

【典型例题】
（1）
Ladies and Gentlemen, thank you very much for coming to this concert. I hope you have __1__ the programs. As you may know, all the performances have donated their time to help us.
The purpose of this concert is to 2 money for children in Africa. Every day hundreds of children in Africa die because they have diseases or have not had enough to 3. There are two main reasons. First, there is no work for the children’s parents, so they have no money to buy food 4 medicine. Second, the governments in many African countries do not have the 5 to take care of the poor.
Most African countries are poor. The land is not good for growing food and the weather is also bad for 6. There are many organizations trying to 7 these poor people. The organization we are trying to help, The Feed Africa Fund, spends millions of dollars every year on food for poor people in Africa. This 8 comes from people like you—kind, generous people who do not want to se children die from hunger.
Every dollar you 9 this evening will go to The Feed Africa Fund. Just one dollar can buy enough rice or corn to feed a family of four for three days. Think about it: only one dollar can feed four people for three days.
Ladies and Gentlemen, we will now take a 10 Please be generous.
1. A. made B. watched C. enjoyed D. played
2. A. raise B. pay C. give D. send
3. A. buy B. study C. play D. eat
4. A. nor B. or C. but D. and
5. A. money B. time C. confidence D. experience
6. A. digging B. working C. planting D. farming
7. A. organize B. pay C. help D. know
8. A. food B. money C. idea D. decision
9. A. receive B. get C. give D. bring
10. A. challenge B. chance C. break D. collection

（2）
Mike was 10 years old and he went to the Ashland School. He was very good at football, so he was 1 in the school team. He always played very well in the games and matches, and be scored a lot of goals. One day Mike said to his parents, “We are playing 2the Gum Tree School. Can you come and see us play football?” And they 3 to come.
The match was in the park. The Gum Tree School team wore green shirts and blue shorts, 4 Mike’s team wore white shirts and red shorts. In the first two 5 of the match, Mike ran with the ball and kicked it into the 6. All the Ashland School boys and their families were very 7 to see it.
After that, Mike scored two again before half time. Then in the second half of the match he almost scored 8 goal, but he hardly touched the ball with his 9, and the goalkeeper caught it easily and threw it out again.
After the match, Mike’s father said to him, “You missed a good chance to score another goal then, Mike. Why did you kick it 10?”
“Because there were tears in the goalkeeper’s eyes,” Mike answered.
1. A. chosen B. played C. made D. beaten
2. A. with B. against C. for D. at
3. A. failed B. hoped C. wanted D. agreed
4. A. so B. but C. and D. or
5. A. hours B. seconds C. minutes D. halves
6. A. door B. goal C. gate D. room
7. A. happy B. angry C. sorry D. amazed
8. A. any’ other B. other C. the other D. another
9. A. hand B. foot C. leg D. shoulder
10. A. weakly B. nicely C. badly D. hardly

答案：
（1）
1. C 2. A 3. D4. B 5. A 6. D 7.
8. B9. C10. D
（2）
1. A2. B3. D4. C5. C 6. B 7. A
8. D9. B10. A

【模拟试题】
Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
（1）
I think everyone should see Sundays in Kashgar 1least once. Kashgar 2 “the pearl on the ancient Silk Road”. I arrived there early in the morning 3 it was still dark. With stalls（摊位） here and there, the streets 4. More and more horses, donkeys and sheep slowly entered the market, followed 5 farmers and herdsmen （牧民）. Kashgar bazaars are famous 6 their knives.Kashgar is also a hat-making centre. On each side of the streets were some blacksmiths’ shop （铁匠铺）. The sound from them 7 in the streets. Handmade goods were 8 sale. I bought some kebabs and nang for my 9.10 I was eating, I watched some Uighur girls dancing. It was a very enjoyable experience. I will never forget the trip.
1. A. for B. at C. on D. less
2. A. was called B. called C. was calling D. calls
3. A. but B. while C. although D. since
4. A. were crowding B. crowded C. were crowded D. was crowded
5. A. with B. as C. over D. by
6. A. with B. as C. over D. for
7. A. could be heard B. can be heard C. could hear D. can hear
8. A. for B. in C. at D. under
9. A. dinner B. food C. drink D. breakfast
10. A. By B. On C. Around D. While

（2）
Now people have a better understanding of the importance of the ecosystem.An ecosystem is an ecological 1 in which all the plants and animals 2 in a certain part of the world in their own ways. This can be very 3 to human beings and to the whole world. If there is something wrong with the 4in an area, there will be 5 serious problems. Take the Great Lakes for example, when 6were built along the shores, the 7 from them went into the Lakes. This 8 the Lakes’ ecosystem and the result was 9:many fish and plants died. When this 10, people realized that something must be11. Scientists set up a science lab to 12 the ecosystem of the Lakes, and they found that 13 was killing the Lakes.
They did many things to make the ecosystem right again.14, this will not be easy. It will 15many years.
1. A. matter B. system C. problem D. environment
2. A. die B. play C. live D. do
3. A. great B. serious C. dangerous D. important
4. A. weather B. ecosystem C. earth D. sun
5. A. a few B. much C. few D. many
6. A. farms B. parks C. factories D. hospitals
7. A. animals B. food C. waste D. smoke
8. A. broke B. lost C. worried D. made
9. A. clear B. terrible C. unclear D. serious
10. A. was happening B. would happen C. has happened D. happened
11. A. started B. made C. done D. begun
12. A. change B. build C. study D. break
13. A. research B. weather C. pollution D. result
14. A. So B. However C. Though D. But
15. A. cost B. spend C. last D. make.

【试题答案】
（1）
1—5BABCD 6—10DAADD

（2）
1—5BCCBD 6—10CCABD
11—15CCCBC