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九年级英语名师金牌讲堂讲座系列七 语法讲解:主谓一致.doc

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初三英语名师金牌讲堂 讲座系列(七) 语法讲解:主谓一致 1. 就近原则和就远原则:(两个并列名词用连接词连接起来谓语动词的情况) not only A but also B 跟并列两个名词中的“B”的单复数走。 neither A nor B/either A or B A with/ together with/along with B A like/ such as B A as well as B A including B/ A, B included 跟并列两个名词中的“A”的单复数走。 A rather than B (是A,不是B) A except/but B A besides/in addition to B 2. 两个或者多个名词并列的情况: bread and butter(面包和黄油,动词单数) the bread and butter(特指面包和黄油,动词单数) the knife and fork(特指一副刀叉,动词单数) the knife and the fork(一把小刀和一个叉子,动词复数) a singer and dancer(一个歌手兼舞蹈家,动词单数) a novelist and a reporter(一个小说家和一个记者,动词复数) 结论:看到这类名词并列,数冠词的个数,冠词大于等于2的,动词用复数,小于2的动词用单数。 3. 定冠词the和名词各种关系时动词的情况: ① 定冠词the+国籍形容词,动词用复数,表示“这个国家的人”。 The British prefer black tea to green tea.(比起绿茶,英国人更喜欢红茶。) ② 定冠词the+形容词,表示“人”用动词单数,表示“物”用动词复数。 The beautiful is not always the same as the good.(美丽的东西不总是长久的。) ③ 定冠词the+人名+s,用动词复数,表示“一家人”。 The Blacks are having a picnic at the seaside/on the beach.(布莱克一家在海边/海滩上野餐。) ④ 定冠词the+人名+’s,用动词单数,表示“某人的家”。 The Black’s is opposite the supermarket.(布莱克的家在超市对面。) ⑤ 定冠词the+职业+’s,用动词单数,表示“场所”。 the dentist’s/barber’s/baker’s/grocer’s/butcher’s(牙医诊所/理发店/面包房/杂货店/肉店) 4. 所有百分比,分数,half,quarter结构要根据名词判断。 例① :Half of his eggs were broken.(他一半的蛋已经碎了。) 例② :75%/Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.(75%/四分之三的地球表面被水覆盖。) 5. 一些特殊名词后动词的情况: (1) team, class, family表示单一整体,动词用单数;表示其中成员,动词用复数。 例① :This team has won the game and the team are having a bath now.(队伍已经获得了比赛的胜利,他们正在洗澡。) 例② :My family is a big one and my family are football fans.(我的家庭是一个大家庭,并且我的家人都是足球迷。) (2) 以s结尾的三个词:means(方法), works(工厂, 作品), species(物种),看具体的句子意思决定动词单复数。 例① :每种方法都已经尝试了。 Every means has already been tried. 例② :这家手表厂坐落在市中心。 This watch works lies/stands/is located in the city center/downtown area. (3) 形单实复的名词:people, police等名词出现,动词用复数。 例① :People all over the world are kept informed of what is happening immediately by means of the Internet.(全世界的人们通过因特网来不断获知即时发生的事情。) 例② :The police are trying their best to find out who set the fire to the hotel. (4) 形复实单的名词:s结尾的学科名词,动词用单数。 mathematics, politics, physics(数学,政治。物理) (5) all单独作主语,表示“人”,动词用复数,表示“物”,动词用单数。 例:All is ready for Christmas party and all are excited.(圣诞晚会的所有东西已经准备好了,并且所有的人都很激动。) (6) 时间、距离、价格、重量视作一个整体,动词用单数。 例① :Five years has already passed.(五年已经过去了。) 例② :Ten dollars is just enough.(十美元就足够了。) (7) 区别a (great, large) number of, the number of: a (great, large) number of:名词复数,动词复数。 the number of:只需动词单数,和名词无关。 例① :There are a great number of reference books in the library.(在图书馆有大量参考书。) 例② :The number of Internet users/netizens in China is rapidly rising/increasing.(中国的网民数量正在急剧上升。) (8) a group of的情况:单复数皆可,需要看句子的逻辑关系。 (9) 专有名词的单数和复数: the United Nations/the United States:动词单数 the Olympic Games:动词复数 (10) the rest结构,看名词决定动词单复数。 例① :The first five questions were very easy, but the rest were rather difficult.(头五个问题很简单,不过其他的问题很难。) 例② :I’ve already moved much paper, but the rest is still there.(我已经移走了很多纸,但那里还有一些。) (11) everybody, everyone, nobody, no one作为主语时和作反意疑问句时的动词单复数。 例①:Nobody likes the game, do they? 例②:Everybody is to attend the party, aren’t they?
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