高考长难句分析.doc

解析高考英语阅读中的长难句
学习目标：
1. 回忆三种基本句子类型（简单句， 复合句， 并列句）
2. 长难句的类型及分析方法
3. 长难句分析在高考阅读中的演练
Step1;判断下面句子的类型。

( 1 ) We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised money for them.

( 2 ) Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona.

( 3 ) The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options.
Step 2:
结构分析法
　明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。
A.判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；
B.找出句子的主干成分(主语和谓语)，分清句子附属成分，理解句子大意。
C.层层分析，层层剥离
1) ,带有较多成分的简单句----去枝叶, 留主干。
画出句子主干
Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures .

2).含有多个从句的复合句----找从属连词，分析从句， 理解句意。

Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that he didn’t know that his friend’s marriage
was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.

句子中的连词都有什么？他们分别引导什么从句？
句子的意思是___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

3.含有插入语的句子----忽略插入成分，直奔句子主题。
这种句子的特点是在正常的句子中插入一些或长或短的成分或句子，比如同位语（从句）、
非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解上的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。有时有逗号或破折号分开，

The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008辽宁卷C篇)

Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.

翻译上面两个句子。

4.成分省略----把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分
The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally won’t pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will.

句子末尾will后省略了什么？

5. 倒装句----确定主语, 调整语序,把握大意.

Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
句子的主语是_____________________, 这句话的意思是______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

长难句之小试牛刀篇, 画出句子的主干，并试着口头翻译。
1. I was discussing this problem recently with a colleague who had been beating his head against the wall for months trying to get a story about a mysterious “dark force” in cosmology(宇宙学) past editors at New Yorker.

2. Mobile phone SIM cards which are put in the collars(项圈) of elephants automatically send a text message when they get too close to farms, allowing wildlife workers to drive them off rather than shoot them.
Step 3 高考考场篇：
1.(2017年全国1卷完形填空)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.（美式手语）
句意：____________________________________________________
分析：此句为__________，little为_________，当否定词位于________时，句子要使用__________倒装。

9.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位语从句、让步状语从句）
句意：__________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
分析：本句的主干是 _______________________________________。其中，grew out of... later为that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词_____________；后面的although there was ... live TV为__________引导的_________从句，解释说明___________的内容。此外，同位语从句中还包含了一个__________引导的让步状语从句。
12.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇) Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. (宾语从句、非谓语动词、定语从句)
句意：_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
分析：本句中that引导____________从句，作reported的宾语，从句中包含一个__________引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smell。getting bitten by insects为________________作后置定语，修饰maple trees。
13.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示）that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
句意为：________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
分析：本句为____________引导条件状语从句。在主句中，you’re busy是know的宾语从句；___________引导结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中包含一个that引导________________，解释说明_________的内容。同时同位语从句又包含了一个__________引导时间状语从句，因此句子的主句为__________________________________
14.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.（定语从句）
句意：__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
分析：本句中which引导____________________，修饰先行词___________；此外，定语从句中又包含一个where引导的___________________。
15.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
句意：___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
此句为__________句，句子的主干是_________________________________________________

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