语法名词性从句市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,第十讲,名词性从句,1/80,Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life,is measured by how much they can loan,（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量,),not how much they can earn.,In my sixties,one change I notice is that,I am more likely to get tired than before,(,我比以前更轻易累了,),。,The prevent and treatment of AIDS is,a field where(in which)we can cooperate,.,(,我们能够合作领域,).,2/80,10.1,名词性从句种类,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,介词宾语从句,同位语从句,宾语补语从句,形容词补语从句,3/80,10.2,主语从句,1.that,引导主语从句,that,引导主语从句能够位于句首，而常见形式是将作形式主语用先行词,it,置于句首,That he is still alive,is sheer luck.,That the dog was the first animal to be domesticated,is generally agreed upon by authorities in the field.,4/80,一、,It+be,动词,+that,从句,Its reported that,据报道,Its believed that,据信,It is generally thought that,人们普遍认为,It should be noted that,应该注意,It has been found that,现已发觉,It must be pointed out that,必须指出,一样能够这么用动词还有：,say,expect,know,estimate,forecast,等。比如,:,5/80,As a child and as an adult as wellBill Gates was untidy.,It has been said that,in order to counteract this,Mary drew up weekly clothing plans for him.,And,it is imagined,by many,that,the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that,they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.,6/80,二、,It+be,动词,+,形容词,+that,从句,It is clear that,显然,It is possible that,很可能,It is likely that,很可能,It is natural that,很自然,It is certain that,能够相信,It is strange that,奇怪是,It is fortunate that,幸运是,It is necessary that,有必要,7/80,Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But,its obvious that,a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously.,幸好白宫已经开始注意到全球变暖问题。不过很显然，总统周围大多数顾问依然没有认真对待该问题。,8/80,三、,It+be,动词,+,名词短语,+that,从句,It is a pity that,可惜是,It is a fact that,事实是,It is good news that,真是太好了。,It is a good thing that,真是件好事。,It is no wonder that,难怪,It is a shame that,遗憾是,/,真是太不像话了,It is an honor that,真荣幸,It is common knowledge that,是常识。,It is my belief that,我相信,It is a miracle that ,真是奇迹。,9/80,It is a truth universally acknowledged that,a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.,译文：一个众所周知事实是，一个单身汉若是非常有钱，那么他一定想要找个妻子。,10/80,四、,It+,不及物动词,+that,从句,It seems that,似乎,It follows that,所以,/,由此可见,It happens that,恰巧,It turns out that,结果证实是,It comes about that,结果是,11/80,五、其它结构,It dawns upon/on sb.that,某人突然想起,It occurs to sb.that,某人突然想起,It makes no difference that,无所谓,It doesnt need to be bothered that,无须担忧,It is of little consequence that,无关紧要,12/80,It dawned upon me that,there is a logical connection between all the things that happen in that immensely connected body of salted water that covers 71 percent of the surface of the earth.,译文：我突然明白了，覆盖地球表面,71%,巨大盐水体中所发生一切事情之间都是有联络。,13/80,When I decided to quit my full-time employment,it never occurred to me that,I might become a part of a new international trend.,译文：当我决定放弃全职员作时候，我怎么也没想到我会成为一个新国际流行趋势一部分。,14/80,2.,疑问词引导主语从句,疑问词引导主语从句能够位于句首，也能够借助于先行词,it,后置,如：,15/80,Why he is absent,doesnt interest me.,我对他为何缺席不感兴趣。,Whether or not an object floats,depends on the density of both the object and the water.,一个物体是否会浮起，既取决于该物体密度，又取决于水密度。,16/80,3.,名词性关系词引导主语从句,1,）名词性关系代词引导主语从句,What is most touching in O.Henrys stories,is the bravery with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.,欧,.,亨利小说中最感人东西是平民为维护尊严而斗争勇气。,17/80,Whatever I have is at your service.,我全部一切都随你使用。,Whoever uprooted that tree,ought to be ashamed of themselves.,拔掉那棵树人应该为自己感到羞耻。,Whichever,comes in first,will receive a prize.,谁先来谁得奖。,18/80,2,）名词性关系限定词引导主语从句,What family and friends I still have,live abroad.,我全部家人和朋友都住在国外。,What few friends I have here,have been very friendly to me.,我在这里为数不多几个朋友一直对我很好。,19/80,He claims to be an expert in astronomy,but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject._ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.(1997,年考研题,),A.What little,B.So much,C.How much,D.So little,20/80,答案：,A,参考译文：他声称自己是一名天文学教授，但实际上他对这门学科一无所知。他所了解那一点点东西已经过时了，也不准确。,21/80,Because,引导主语从句,英语中，还有一个比较特殊主语从句，即由,because,引导主语从句。这种主语从句结构普通是“,because+,陈说句”，置于主语位置，后面直接加谓语，而且这个谓语往往都是,does not mean,。在,because,前面往往会有,just,一词，起强调语气作用。,22/80,Just because someone doesnt love you the way you want them to,doesnt mean they dont love you with all they have.,译文：假如有些人没有以你希望方式去爱你，并不意味着他们没有全身心地爱你。,23/80,Something which seems valuable at first may turn out to be worthless.Example:“All that glitters is not gold!”,Just because something appears valuble,does not mean that it really is valuble.,译文：有些东西乍看起来很值钱，但以后却证实是一文不值。比如，人们常说“闪光并不都是金子”。只是看起来很值钱东西并不意味着真很值钱。,24/80,There is a big difference between activity and accomplishment.,Just because you are doing something,doesnt mean you are getting anywhere.One must evaluate ones activity in order to have accomlishment.,译文：工作与成就这二者之间是有很大差距，仅仅是在不停地工作并不意味着你就取得了成就。所以，人们必须认真审阅自己眼下工作，看是否真能够取得成就。,25/80,10.3,表语从句,That,引导表语从句,The fact is,that both he and his students are exhausted.,实际情况是他和他学生们都筋疲力尽了。,My impression is,that he is in favor of the plan.,我印象是他赞成这个计划。,26/80,2.,疑问词引导表语从句,The problem is,who is to pay.,问题是谁来付款。,What I am interested in is,whether they have been engaged to each other.,我感兴趣是他们是否订婚了。,What was troubling them was,where they could find a guide.,使他们伤脑筋事情是到哪儿找向导。,27/80,3.,名词性关系词引导表语从句,1,）名词性关系代词引导表语从句,The place is no longer,what it was ten years ago.,这个地方已经不是十年前样子了。,I am,who you are looking for.,我就是你所找人。,28/80,2,）名词性关系副词引导表语从句,The car is,where you parked it.,汽车在你原先停放地方。,This is,why I returned their invitation,.,这就是我谢绝他们邀请理由。,29/80,4.,As if,等引导表语从句,I felt,as though my head were splitting.,我以为头好像要裂开似。,The milk smells,as if it is sour.,这牛奶闻起来好像酸了。,30/80,除了,as if/as though,之外，隶属连词,as,和,because,也能够引导表语从句：,Things are,not as they seem to be.,事物并不像它们表面上看起来那样。,It may be,because he is too young.,这可能是因为他太年轻了。,31/80,10.4,宾语从句,1.that,引导宾语从句,1,）,that,引导从句作单宾语,The story implies,that love cannot be separated from responsibility.,这个故事表明，爱情和责任是不可分。,Scientists think,that losing leaves help some trees to conserve water in the winter.,科学家们认为，落叶有利于树木在冬季保持水分。,32/80,以,that,引导从句作单宾语动词有很多，常见有：,accept,acknowledge,admit,advise,agree,announce,answer,anticipate,argue,ask,assume,believe,boast,complain,conclude,confess,confirm,consider,decide,declare,deem,demand,demonstrate,deny,emphasize,estimate,imply,insist,judge,maintain,notice,promise,等等。,33/80,2,）,that,引导从句作双宾语中直接宾语,She assured,me that everything would be all right.,她让我放心，一切都不会有问题。,We persuaded,him that it would be best to wait.,我们劝他最好等一下。,34/80,3,）,that,引导从句作复合宾语中实际宾语,这种句型中，先行词,it,作形式宾语，,作宾语补足语能够是,名词、形容词、不定式、过去分词、介词短语等。,35/80,I thought,it,a false idea,that old age brings wisdom.,我以为年老会令人聪明是一个错误看法。,He has made,it,clear that he wouldnt take over the job.,他已经明确表示不愿意接管这项工作。,I have heard,it,said,they are getting married.,我已听说他们快结婚了。,36/80,2.,疑问词引导宾语从句,1,）疑问词引导从句作单宾语,No one can tell,what will happen next.,谁也说不出下一步会发生什么情况。,I was wondering,whether we could postpone the appointment till the next day.,我不知道我们是否把约会推迟到第二天。,37/80,2,）疑问词引导从句作双宾语中直接宾语,Nick told me,when the contact would be effective.,尼克告诉我协议何时将生效。,Please write me,where you got the money.,请写信告诉我你在哪里弄到这笔钱。,38/80,3,）疑问词引导从句能够在,make,之后作复合宾语中实际宾语。在这种句型中，先行词,it,作形式宾语,He hasnt made,it,clear,why he had failed.,他没有说清楚自己为何失败了。,39/80,3.,名词性关系词引导宾语从句,1,）名词性关系代词引导宾语从句,The president is determined to resist,what he regards as blackmail by the terrorists.,总统决定抵制他所认为恐怖分子敲诈。,I eat,whatever I want,and I still dont seem to put on weight.,我想吃什么就吃什么，但似乎依然没长胖。,40/80,2,）名词性关系副词引导宾语从句,The position of the voice box in the neck determines,how an animal breathes and swallows.,喉在颈中位置决定着动物呼吸和吞咽方式。,In this book he explored,why dinosaurs become extinct.,在这本书里，他探索了恐龙灭绝原因。,41/80,3,）名词性关系限定词引导宾语从句,I spent,what little time,with my family.,我仅有那一点时间都和家人一起度过了。,Use,which method you prefer.,你喜欢哪个方法就用哪个方法。,42/80,10.5,介词宾语从句,1.that,引导介词宾语从句仅限于用在,except,but,等少数介词后,The two books are the same,except that,this one has an answer key at the back.,除了这本书后面有问题答案以外，这两本书完全一样。,43/80,2.,疑问词引导介词宾语从句,Have you anything,of what he is going to discuss with us,？,你知道他准备和我们讨论什么吗？,There was a debate,concerning whether the federal government or individual states should have more power.,曾有过一场关于联邦政府还是各州政府应该拥有更多权力争论。,44/80,3.,名词性关系词引导宾语从句,1,）名词性关系代词引导介词宾语从句,I am sorry,for what I have done.,我为自己所做事情感到惭愧。,The files could be of help,to whoever took over the job.,这些档案可能对接管这项工作人有帮助。,45/80,2,）名词性关系副词引导介词宾语从句,He walked over,to where Susan was sitting.,他走到苏珊坐着地方。,In business,success not only depends,on what one says but often on how one says it.,在生意中，成功不但取决于说话内容，而且还取决于说话方式。,46/80,10.6,同位语从句,1.that,引导同位语从句,We must face,the fact that we have spent all our money.,我们必须面对我们已经把全部钱都花完了这一事实。,Your assumption,that things will improve,is groundless.,你构想情况会有好转，这是没有依据。,47/80,与同位语从句同位名词是一些含有一定内容含义抽象名词，常见有：,answer,belief,conclusion,decision,discovery,fact,hint,hope,idea,information,impression,news,report,opinion,order,possibility,problem,promise,question,rumor,sign,statement,truth,等。,48/80,2.,疑问词引导同位语从句,The question,why you are so interested in music,has not been answered yet.,你还没有回答“你为何对音乐这么感兴趣？”这个问题。,My problem that is,whether I should invite him,was solved when I received news of his illness.,我问题,我是否应该邀请他,在我得到他生病消息后就处理了。,49/80,3.,名词性关系词引导同位语从句,Students like the accumulation of facts that is,what is known.,学生们喜欢积累论据，也就是已知东西。,Fame and fortune,what others sought after with zest,was all rubbish to him.,名利,他人热心追求东西,对他来说皆如粪土。,50/80,10.7,宾语补语从句,1.,名词性关系词引导宾语补语从句,He has made the company,what it is today.,他使企业成为现在样子。,You can call me,what(ever)you like.,你喜欢叫我什么就叫我什么。,I named my son,what my father named me.,我用我父亲给我起名字给我儿子起名。,51/80,在,call,make,name,等几个动词后能够跟由名词性关系代词,what,和,whatever,引导宾语补语从句。,52/80,2.As,引导宾语补语从句,I found him,as I had left him.,我发觉他还是我离开时样子。,Leave the children,as they are.,不要去管孩子们。,Lets keep it,as it is.,咱们让它保持原样吧。,53/80,在,find,keep,leave,等几个动词后能够跟由 隶属连词,as,引导宾语补语从句。,54/80,10.8,形容词补语从句,1.that,引导形容词补语从句,I was afraid,that I might hurt his feelings.,我担心会伤了他感情。,They became increasingly aware,that women were not granted the same rights as men.,他们越来越意识到妇女并没有被赋予和男子一样全利。,We are confident,that next years profits will be much higher.,我们确信明年利润额会高得多。,55/80,跟由,that,引导补语从句常见形容词有：,afraid,alarmed,amazed,annoyed,astonished,aware,careful,certain,confident,depressed,disappointed,hopeful,等,56/80,2.,疑问词引导形容词补语从句,He was too sleepy to be aware,how cold it was.,他太瞌睡了，没意识到天气有多冷。,I am doubtful,whether she will agree to this.,我不能必定她是否会同意这一点。,57/80,1.9,从句“嵌套结构”,在一个复杂句子当中可能会同时含有多个名词从句，我们称之为名词从句“嵌套结构”。,也能够是名词从句与定语从句或状语从句组成保护或被保护关系，从而形成“嵌套结构”。这么都会使句子变得更复杂，碰到时要仔细分析句子结构，方能了解句子意思。,怎样快速理清句子结构，我们提出了“连词与动词配比标准”,58/80,1.9.1,名词从句“嵌套结构”,所谓名词从句“嵌套结构”，即指多个名词从句之间存在包含与被包含关系。,如：,59/80,I realized,that,what I said,was not exactly,what I meant to say.,评析：,在,that,引导宾语从句中同时含有,what,引导主语从句,what I said,和,what,引导表语从句。,译文：我以后意识到，当初所说话并非是我真正想说。,60/80,The question is,how,what you have learned,can be put into practice.,评析：,在,how,引导表语从句中含有,what,引导主语从句,what you have learned,。,How,引导从句谓语是,can be put into practice,而,what,引导从句谓语是,have learned,。,译文：问题是，你所学到知识怎样才能应用于实践。,61/80,Prof.Lees book will show you _can be used in other contexts.,A.that you have observed,B.that how you have observed,C.how that you have observed,D.how what you have observed,62/80,答案：,D,评析：,此句类似上面例子结构，都是,how,引导从句嵌套了一个又,what,引导主语从句。所不一样是，上一例句,how,引导从句是一个表语从句，这里,how,引导从句是宾语从句，作,show,直接宾语。,译文：李教授这本书能够让你知道怎样把观察到东西应用到其它场景中。,63/80,1.9.2,连词与动词配比标准,在英语中，有,N,个谓语动词，就会对应有,N-1,个谓语动词，就会对应,N-1,个连词以及,N-1,对应从句,也就是说，在英语句子中，谓语动词个数一定是多于连词个数，通常是多出一个，因为这一个多出动词就是主句谓语动词。,如：,64/80,That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worn have shown is just how fast things are changing.,65/80,图解,That,the seas,are being overfished,主语从句。其中that引导从句谓语动词是are being overfished,Has been known for years,主句谓语,What,researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worn,have shown,主语从句。其中what 引导从句谓语动词是have shown,Is(just),主句谓语,How fast things are changing,表语从句。其中how引导从句谓语动词是are changing,66/80,译文：海洋正在被人们过分捕捞，许多年以来这已是尽人皆知事实了。研究人员（如,Ransom Myers and Boris Worn,）所揭示仅仅是情况改变得多么快速。,67/80,当,然，这种名词从句“嵌套结构”里面还能够带有定语从句或者状语从句，这么就形成了三大从句“嵌套结构”。,如,68/80,No one is in the least interest in the marks a little child gets on his test;,what we are interested in is whether we can conclude,from his mark on the test,that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require,“general intelligence”.,69/80,图解,what we are interested in,主语从句,is,主句谓语,whether we can conclude from his mark on thetest,表语从句中主谓状结构,that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require“general intelligence”.,表语从句中宾语从句,表语从句,70/80,宾语从句结构图示,That the child will do better or worse,宾语从句主谓状结构,Than other children of his age,插入比较结构，分割了better与at 搭配,at tasks 中心词tasks,Which 引导定语从句，修饰tasks,We think 插入语,Require(“general intelligence”)定语从句谓语部分,介词短语，其中at与上面better or worse组成语义搭配,71/80,译文：我们对孩子们在考试中取得分数并不感兴趣，我们所感兴趣是我们是否能够从他们考试分数中作出判断,:,这个孩子在我们认为需要“普通智商”练习任务中表现将会好于或差于其它同龄孩子。,72/80,Exercise Ten,1.He claims to be an expert in astronomy,but he is quite ignorant on the subject._ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.(1997,年考研题,),A.What little,B.So much,C.How much,D.So little,73/80,2.Output is now six times _ it was before 1990.,（,1995,年,1,月六级题）,A.that,B.what,C.that which,D.of that,74/80,3.When I try to understand _ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might except,it seems to be that there are two causes.(1998,年,1,月四级题,),A.why it does,B.what it does,C.what it is,D.why it is,75/80,4.Many principles of jet propulsion apply regardless of _ air or water is the fluid used.,A.what,B.that,C.whether,D.either,76/80,参考答案,1.A,参考译文：,他声称自己是一名天文学教授，但实际上他对这门学科一无所知。他所了解那一点点东西已经过时了，也不准确。,77/80,2.B,参考译文：现在产量是,1990,年之前,6,倍。,78/80,3.C,参考译文：是什么妨碍着这么多美国人不像人们所想象那么幸福，当我设法弄懂这个问题时，发觉似乎存在两个原因。,79/80,4.C,参考译文：不论所使用流体是空气还是水，喷射推进许多标准都是适用。,80/80,