英语单词直接拼读省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,英语音标,元音,单元音：,i:i e u :u:,双元音：,ei ai i u au i e u,辅音,浊辅音：,b d g v z dz l m n r j w,清辅音：,p t k f s ts h,第1页,c,在字母,e,，,i,，,y,前读,/s/,，如,c,ell,，,c,ity,，,c,yst,；,其余情况下读,/K/,，如,c,at,，,c,lub,，,c,ode.,g,在字母,e,，,i,，,y,前读,/,，如,g,ene,，,g,in,，,g,ym,；,其余情况下读,/g/,，如,be,g,g,olf,g,ame.,s,多数情况下读,/s/,，如,s,ix,，,de,s,k,，,ye,s,；,有时读,/z/,，如,i,s,，,hi,s,，,vi,s,it(,读,/z/,时可下画一条横线,),。,x,处于两元音字母之间，且其后元音重读时，读,/gz/,，,如,e,x,ist,；,其余情况下读,/ks/,，如,si,x,ne,x,t,e,x,cu,s,e.,q,读,/k/,如,Ir,q,NASDA,Q,(,股票名,);,常与字母,u,用在一起,qu,读,/kw/,如,qu,ick,qu,estion.,第2页,辅音字母组合读音规则,ch,tch,读,/,，如,Ch,ina,mu,ch,；,ca,tch,ma,tch,ph,gh,读,/f/,，如,ph,oto,ph,one,sh,读,/,，如,sh,ape,sh,e,sh,ort,fi,sh,th,多数情况下读,/,，如,th,ree,th,ird,但有时读,/,如,th,at,th,an,wi,th,.(,读,/,时可下画一线,).,wh,在字母,o,前读,/h/,如,wh,o,wh,om,wh,o,s,e(,其中字母,o,读,/u:/),；,其余情况下读,/w/,，如,wh,ich,，,wh,en,，,wh,y.,dg,dj,读,/,，如,ju,dg,e,，,lo,dg,ing,；,a,dj,ust,a,dj,ective.,第3页,n,在和字母,g,组成字母组合时，以及处于读,/g/,或,/k/,字母前（如,c,g,k,等）读,/,。,如：,lo,ng,thi,ng,le,ng,th,；,u,n,cle,zi,n,c,；,a,n,gry,fi,n,ger,dri,n,k,thi,n,k,tha,n,k.,gu,在元音前读,/g/,，如,gu,ess,gu,ide,gu,est,；,在字母,n,后读,/gw/,，如,lan,gu,age,，,distin,gu,ish,，,lin,gu,ist.,字母,n,因为处于,/g/,音前而读,/.,两个读同一个音字母并列时,只读一个,如,li,tt,le,mi,ss,hi,ll,ho,bb,y,；,clo,ck,ne,ck,bla,ck,；,sc,ene,sc,ience,sc,y,th,e,e,xc,ite,e,xc,ept,a,cc,ording,a,cc,u,s,e,o,cc,ur.,第4页,元音字母在重读音节中读音规则,英语中有四类重读音节：闭音节，开音节，,r,音节，,re,音节。,闭音节,指以辅音字母结尾音节。,元音字母,a,e,i(y),o,u,在重读闭音节中分别读,/e/i/,如,h,a,nd,h,e,lp,l,i,p,g,y,m,h,o,t,cl,u,b.,开音节,指以元音字母、元音字母,+,哑,e,或一个辅音字母,+,哑,e,结尾 音节。后者也叫约定开音节,.,元音字母,a,e,i(y),o,u,在重读开音节中分别读,/ei/i:/ai/u/ju:/,(,即读字母名称，但,y,读,/ai/),。,如：,f,a,ce,m,a,ke,a,ge;h,e,m,e,te,s,e,e,e,ve;,I,h,i,b,y,b,y,e,t,i,me,t,y,pe;,g,o,h,o,me,st,o,ne,t,o,e;c,u,be,t,u,be,u,se.,但字母,u,在字母,j,，,l,，,r,后，读,/u:/,不读,/ju:/,，如,J,u,ne,bl,u,e,r,u,le.,第5页,r,音节,在,r,音节中：,ar,读,/:/,or,读,/:/,er,ir,yr,ur,都读,/:/,。,如：,ar,m,f,ar,st,ar,t,l,ar,ge,M,ar,x,；,or,f,or,c,or,d,or,der,；,v,er,b,h,er,s,er,ve,；,s,ir,f,ir,st,d,ir,ty,c,ir,cle,m,yr,tle,；,h,ur,t,n,ur,se,ret,ur,n,m,ur,mur.,注,1,双,r,前音节，是闭音节，不是,r,音节。,如：,c,a,rry,m,a,rry,b,e,rry,m,i,rror,s,o,rry,h,u,rry.,注,2,在,/w/,音后，,ar,读,/:/,如,w,ar,w,ar,m,w,ar,n,；,or,读,/:/,如：,w,or,d,w,or,k,w,or,ld,w,or,se.,re,音节,指元音字母与,re,结合而成音节。,在,re,音节中：,are,读,/e/,，,ere,读,/i/,，,ire,yre,读,/ai/,，,ore,读,/:/,ure,读,/ju/,。,如：,c,are,d,are,r,are,h,are,prep,are,；,h,ere,m,ere,sev,ere,；,f,ire,w,ire,t,ire,ent,ire,t,yre,；,m,ore,f,ore,c,ore,bef,ore,；,c,ure,p,ure,end,ure,第6页,元音字母在非重读音节中读音规则,a,o,u,读,/,，如,Chin,a,sec,o,nd,diffic,u,lt.,e,i,y,读,/i/,如,r,e,s,ult,vict,i,m,happ,y,.,ar,er,ir,or,ur,yr,读,/,如,gramm,ar,lett,er,c,ir,cumf,er,ence,doct,or,murm,ur,mart,yr,p,er,sist,west,er,n,east,er,n.,o,u,处于词末时分别读,/u/,/ju:/,(,即不弱化，按重读音节规则读,),。,如,carg,o,Negr,o,；,men,u,.,u,在多音节词中，紧邻重读音节时，读,/ju/,(,即轻度弱化,),。,如：,reg,u,lar,pop,u,lar,mon,u,ment.,a,i,y,u,在多音节动词中，处于约定开音节结尾中，按重读音节读。,如：,isol,a,te,advert,i,s,e,anal,y,s,e,substit,u,te.,y,在多音节动词词末不弱化，读,/ai/,。,如：,satisf,y,maltipl,y,occup,y,第7页,元音字母组合读音规则,au,aw,读,/:/,如,c,au,se,au,ral,l,au,nch,s,au,ce,l,aw,d,aw,n.,eu,ew(iew),读,/ju:/,如,n,eu,tral,d,eu,ce,；,n,ew,v,iew,rev,iew,.,ou,ow,读,/au/,如,h,ou,se,l,ou,d,；,h,ow,n,ow,d,ow,n.,ai,ay,读,/ei/,如,w,ai,t,ai,d,；,d,ay,m,ay,.,ei,ey,读,/ei/,如,v,ei,l,w,ei,ght,；,gr,ey,th,ey,conv,ey,oi,oy,读,/i/,如,ch,oi,ce,oil,；,b,oy,t,oy,.,ea,ee,读,/i:/,如,ea,t,ch,ea,p,；,d,ee,p,n,ee,d.,ie,(c)ei,读,/i:/,如,f,ie,ld,bel,ie,ve,；,rec,ei,ve,c,ei,ling.,第8页,oa,读,/u/,如,r,oa,d,s,oa,p,b,oa,t.,ue,读,/ju:/,如,T,ue,s,day,val,ue,purs,ue,.,air,aer,读,/e/,如,air,f,air,;,aer,ial,aer,oplane.,ear,eer,读,/i/,如,ear,cl,ear,；,b,eer,d,eer,.,our,读,/au/,如,our,s,our,h,our,.,oo,1.,读,/u/:,在字母,k,前（,b,oo,k,l,oo,k,t,oo,k,）和在,g,oo,d,f,oo,t,st,oo,d,w,oo,d,w,oo,l,及其派生词,(g,oo,dness,f,oo,tball,w,oo,len,等,),中读,/u/,。,2.,读,/u:/:,在,其余情况下读,/u:/,如,:,o,l,f,oo,d,l,oo,se,r,oo,m,z,oo,.,3.,读,/:,在,flood,，,blood,及其派生词（,flood,ing,blood,less,等）中读,/,.,igh,读,/ai/,如,h,igh,li,ght,m,igh,t,n,igh,t.,augh,ough,读,/:/,如,d,augh,ter,c,augh,t,t,augh,t,；,ought,f,ough,t,th,ough,t,。,oul,在,could,should,would,中读,/u/,。,第9页,几个非重读后缀或字母组合读音规则,a,在后缀,-ace,，,-ade,，,-age,，,-ate,中读,/i/,，如,pal,a,ce,comr,a,de,vill,a,ge,accur,a,te.,e,在后缀,-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency,中读,/,如,cru,e,l,op,e,n,stud,e,nt,sil,e,nce,flu,e,ncy.,i,在后缀,-ible,中读,/,如,poss,i,ble.,ai,ay,ei,ey,在非重读音节中普通弱读为,/i/,如,mount,ai,n,Frid,ay,forf,ei,t,vall,ey,.,-ful,读,/ful/,如,help,ful,harm,ful,use,fu,l.,-gue,读,/g/,如,dialo,gue,catalo,gue,.,-que,读,/k/,如,che,que,pictures,que,.,-ous,读,/s/,如,fam,ous,gener,ous,nerv,ous,.,-our,读,/,如,fav,our,hon,our,lab,our,.,-ure,读,/,如,fig,ure,inj,ure,.,但在,fail,ure,中读,/j/.,第10页,-ow,读,/u/,如,wind,ow,yell,ow,pill,ow,.,-ture,读,/,如,pic,ture,cul,ture,furni,ture,.,-sure,在元音字母后读,/,如,clo,sure,expo,sure,.,在辅音字母后读,/,，如,pres,sure,fle,xure,(x=ks).,-ion,读,/n/,如,fash,ion,cush,ion,.,-tion,读,/n/,如,na,tion,produc,tion,solu,tion,.,-stion,读,/sn/,如,que,stion,suge,stion,dige,stion,.,-sion,在元音字母后读,/n/,，如,v,sion,occa,sion,div,sion,；,在辅音字母后读,/n/,，如,discus,sion,impres,sion,expan,sion,.,第11页,-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi,在字母,a,e,o,前读,/,，如：,o,ce,an,；,so,ci,al,；,A,si,a par,ti,al,；,Egyp,ti,an,；,suff,ci,ent,；,pa,ti,ent,；,pr,ci,ous,；,Rus,si,an,；,an,xi,ous.,-i,在字母,d,t,n,l,后，且在元音字母前，读,/j/,。,如：,aud,i,ence,front,i,er,opin,i,on,famil,ar.,-ed,（过去式后缀）在清辅音后读,/t/,如：,work,ed,jump,ed,miss,ed,.,在浊辅音和元音后读,/d/,如：,robb,ed,begg,ed,；,lay,ed,studi,ed,.,在字母,d,，,t,后读,/id/,如：,need,ed,plnt,ed,.,-(e)s,(,名词或动词词尾,),在清辅音后读,/s/,如：,desk,s,lamp,s,look,s,.,在浊辅音和元音后读,/z/,如：,pig,s,pen,s,play,s,go,es,.,在,/,z,s/,等音后读,/iz/,如：,urg,es,watch,es,wish,es,rs,es,fac,es,.,第12页,重读符号,单音节词单读时都重读，不需要用重读符号标注。,双音节词和多音节词中，有音节是重读音节，,有则是非重读音节,重读音节就要用重读符号标注。,有些单词中，除重读音节和非重读音节外，还有次重读音节，也需要用重读符号标注。,在单词上直接标音时，重读符号（,）标在重读音节,后上方,（如,reading,）；,次重音符号（）标在次重读音节,后下方,（如,engineer,）。,请注意：直接标音法重读符号，还含有分音节作用，,如,student,和,study,，,stu,是开音节，而,stud,是闭音节，故字母,u,读法不一样,第13页,哑音符号,(.),可用来指出不读音字母。,标注了这个符号字母，读音时可视若其无，其余字母仍按前述读音规则读音。,不读音辅音字母。,比如：,k,nife,lam,b,autum,n,w,rite,p,sychology,p,neumonia,e,x,h,ibit,r,h,yme,whis,t,le,lis,te,n,h,our.,不读音元音字母。,比如：,h,e,art,e,a,rn,le,a,rn,e,a,rly,ye,a,r,d,o,or,fl,o,or,ro,a,r,bo,a,rd,co,a,rse,ho,a,rse,fo,u,r,po,u,r,co,u,rse,t,o,uch,c,o,untry,fr,i,end,b,u,ild,y,o,ung,pe,o,ple,tho,ugh,o,we,e,y,e.,因强度弱化而不读音元音字母。,Eg:vital,final,shorten,less en,level,channel,devil,civil,esson,cotton,certain,curtain,poi,s,onous,different,interesting.,哑,e,普通能够不用哑音符号，但轻易引发混同时仍需使用。,Eg:amuse,amus,ement shame,sham,ed becide,becid,es,第14页,提醒符号（）,用于：,1.,提醒发浊音，,2.,提醒发音不符合前述读音规则,3.,提醒其读音标在单词后面,提醒,s,th,x,f,发浊音,/z/,/,/gz/,/v/,。比如：,vi,s,it,hi,s,i,s,；,th,at,wi,th,fur,th,er,ga,th,er,；,e,x,ist,e,x,am;o,f,.,提醒在非重读音节中,a,，,o,，,u,不读,/,而读,/i/,。比如：,char,a,cter,liter,a,ture,temper,a,ture,；,hydr,o,gen,；,min,u,te.,提醒,e,，,i,，,y,不读,/i/,，而读,/,。比如：,canc,e,l,；,Apr,i,l,hol,i,day,；,anal,y,sis,提醒在,e,，,i,，,y,前,g,不读,/,，而读,/,。比如：,g,et,g,ift,g,ive,g,irl,be,g,in,for,g,et,tar,g,et.,提醒该字母（组合）读音用国际音标标注在单词后边。比如：,ma,ch,ne,/,ch,ef,/,gra,g,e,/,re,g,me,/,for,t,une,/,u,s,ual,/,proce,d,ure,/,sol,di,er,/,suite,/w/,pers,u,ade,/w/,diss,u,ade,/w/,cl,er,k,/:/,s,ew,/u/,s,ew,ing,/u/,s,uger,/,s,ure,/,b,u,sy,/i/,b,u,sily,/i/,b,u,ry,/e/,b,u,rial,/e/,one/wn/,.,第15页,四类重读音节符号,闭音节符号,(),：,(),分别读,/e/i/,。,开音节符号,(),：,a,e,i(y),，,o,，,u,分别读,/ei/i:/ai/u/ju:/,。,r,音节符号（）：,ar,读,/:/,or,读,/:/,er,ir(yr),ur,读,/:/,。,re,音节符号（）：,are,读,/e/,ere,读,/i/,ire(yre),读,/ai/,ore,读,/:/,，,ure/,读,/ju/.,有时在非重读音节中元音不弱化，而按重读音节读,这时就要用到这些符号。比如：,conc,pt,ctober,dult,h,o,tel,fem,a,le,b,i,ology,expert,corridor,subur,b,empire,atmosphere,software,duration,environmenal,periodic,第16页,r,音节和,re,音节轻易混同，有时要用,r,音节符号和,re,音节符号来区分。比如：,vry,Amrica,mrit,frest,sprit;,vary,hero,virus,oral,during,scarce,scarcely,scarcity,有时开音节和闭音节需要用对应符号来区分。比如：,gve,lve,hve,；,condtion,vsion,spcial,defcient,；,typist,spacing,stony,wholly,striking,ninth,；,change,strange,chamber,；,cold,bolt,roll,gross,most,both,only,control,；,find,mind,child,mild.,字母,e,在,re,，,ar,，,ir,前有时读,/e/,，这时也可用闭音节符号标注。比如：,whre,thre,war,tar,thir,第17页,几个直接标音符号,用来标注元音特殊读音。,=/:/,：,sk,dnce,fter,bth,clm,clf,grss,chnce,demnd,enhnce,crft,drft,stff,fther,lst,pth,r,th,er,plm,hlf,e,x,mple,behlf,unt,lugh,lughter.,=/i:/,：,lter,klo,antque,fatgue,marne,mosquto,routne,mgazne,automoble.,=/u:/:,fl,id,r,in,frit,fritful,jice,crise,sit,rotine,group,wond,sop,rote,yoth,yothful,=/u:/:,d,und,t,tw,wh,whm,wh,s,e,mve,mvement,remve,remval,prve,imprve,imprvement,apprve,apprval,l,s,e,she.,u=/u/:,bush,bullet,bulletin,butcher,cru,e,l,cru,e,lty,full,fully,f ulfill,pull,pulley,push,put.,o=/u/,ondo,into,woman,wolf,contour,poor.,=/i/:,d,a,d,al,recip,th,or,e,m,nglish,pr,tty,r,al,ms,um,th,ory.,第18页,借用国际音标直接标音,为了便于记忆有时可把对应国际音标标注在字母上面,在个别情况下，字母,a,读,/e/,。这时就可把国际音标,/,e/,标在字母,a,上。比如：,a,ny,m,a,ny,s,a,ys,s,a,id.,在,/w/,音后，字母,有时读,/,/,。这时就可把,/,标在,a,上。比如：,w,a,nt,w,a,sh,w,a,tch,w,a,tch,w,a,nder,w,a,llet,w,a,tt,kilow,a,tt,sw,a,llow,wh,a,t,；,qu,a,lity,qu,a,litative,qu,a,ntity,qu,a,ntitative,qu,a,rrel,equ,a,l,equ,a,lity.,在字母,l,和,d,前，字母,a,有时读,/:/.,这时可将,:,标在字母,a,上。比如：,a,ll,a,lmost,b,a,ll.c,a,ll,f,a,ll,h,a,ll,t,a,ll,w,a,ll,st,a,ll,inst,a,ll,rec,a,ll,sm,a,ll,h,a,lt,s,a,lt,a,lso,a,lter,a,lway,s,a,lready,a,ltoge,th,er,a,l,th,ough,a,ltern,a,te,a,lternative,w,a,ter,f,a,lse,ch,a,lk,t,a,lk,w,a,lk,abro,a,d,bro,a,d,bro,a,dcast,br,o,a,den.,字母,o,有时读,/,/,。这时也可将,/,/,标在其上。比如：,come,become,comfort,comfomtable,company,compulsary,discomfort,front,confront,honey,love,Monday,money,monkey,month,none,some,tongue,bro,th,er,above,nothing,ano,th,er,o,th,er,cover,colour,dozen,worry,nion,sn,spnge,tn.,第19页,第20页,第21页,第22页,第23页,第24页,第25页,第26页,第27页,第28页,第29页,第30页,第31页,第32页,