2018届高考英语专题复习(江苏)：任务型阅读(有详细答案).doc

专题10—任务型阅读
1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Population Change
Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population zxxk decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.

Population Change

71. 【答案】lower
【解析】根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。
72. 【答案】size/scale
【解析】根据第二段中的＂almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate＂可知，发达国家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，＂maintain＂一词是做题的依据，故填size/scale。

74. 【答案】economic
【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据＂economic development before a population decline hits the country＂可知答案。
75.【答案】old/older
【解析】根据＂A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China＂可知，中国可能会迎来年轻劳动力的危机，故填older。
76.【答案】earlier
【解析】根据＂the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961...but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it＂可知，俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降。
77.【答案】living/life
【解析】此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。
78. 【答案】equality
【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly＂可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。
79. 【答案】immigration
【解析】根据最后一段中的＂One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.＂可知，通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。
80. 【答案】compensate
【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population＂可知，美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加。接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。
2.【江苏省泰州市泰州中学2018届高三上学期开学考试】
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最拾当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。
“The gaokao, China's national college entrance exam, is winning more recognition as a way for universities overseas to evaluate Chinese students,” recruiting officers said.
Stanley Nel, vice-president of international relations at the University of San Francisco in the United States, who is responsible for the university's admissions from China, said he had had several inquiries from US universities about how to recruit Chinese students on the basis of their gaokao scores.
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) have long been two musts for students from other counties, including China, to apply to study in the US.
USF, a private university in California, started a pilot program to accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores in 2015. The idea came from USF President Paul Fitzgerald's belief that standardized tests like the SAT are not very good predictors of how well students will do at the university. "We are aware of the many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao, but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a 'criterion-referenced' exam: It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge," he said.
Currently, at least four higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances. The Illinois Institute of Technology, a private institution in Chicago, started the practice first, in 2009. Outside the US, countries including Spain, Italy, Singapore, France and Australia also recognize gaokao scores.
More than 200 students from China requested an interview with USF last year. 74 of them were selected for a follow-up interview,44 received offers and 20 accepted the invitation and joined USF for the 2015 fall semester. Students admitted in this way have done "exceptionally well" in the past academic year, Nel added. "The average GPA for all gaokao students is about 3. 5 out of 4. For all other students—American and non-gaokao international students—American and non-gaokao international students—the average GPA is 3. 2,"he said.
Zhu Zihao gained admission in computer sciences at USF in 2015 through the program and performed well in his first academic year. He said that students who had experienced China's gaokao usually had comprehensive basic knowledge, which helps them excel in studies.
Nel said, "students admitted through China's gaokao are not only smart but extremely conscientious（认真的）and hardworking. "
"This year we hope to recruit about 50 students in this way, and even more in years to come," he said.
The gaokao
Past situation
Universities in the US evaluated Chinese students according to two (1)___________: The Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test.
(2)___________situation
The gaokao is increasingly(3)___________as a way of evaluating Chinese students by universities abroad.
(4)___________of the people concerned
Stanley Nel—the person responsible for the university’s admissions from China
●Chinese students having received good scores in the gaokao performed academically well when studying in America.
●Chinese students admitted through China’ gaokao are smart, conscientious and (5)___________.
Paul Fitzgerald—USF President
●Despite the (6)____________the gaokao has received, it has its advantages. It tests students’ (7)___________to master a given body of knowledge.
●Some standardized tests cannot(8)___________students’ performance at the university well.
Zhu Zihao—a student admitted to USF in 2015
The(9)___________of the gaokao is helpful for the performance at the university well.
Future situation
More Chinese students will be recruited by the universities overseas(10)___________on their performance in the gaokao.
【答案】1. musts 2. Present/Current 3. recognized 4. Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs 5. hardworking
6. criticisms 7. ability 8. predict 9. experience 10. based
【分析】
1. 信息查找题。根据The Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test.可以定位到原文的第三段The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) have long been two musts…所以填原词musts“必要条件”。
2. 信息查找题。根据universities abroad可以定位到原文第五段Currently, at least four higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances.可知应该填Current/Present situation现状。
3. 信息查找题。根据原文第一段，可知将recognition替换成表格中的be recognized as被当成，被认可。
4. 总结概括题。根据表格右侧的内容可知，左侧应该是总结：相关人物的观点，故填Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs。
5. 信息查找题。根据conscientious 可以定位原文最后一段：not only smart but extremely conscientious（认真的）and hardworking.
6. 信息查找题。根据Paul Fitzgerald可以定位到原文第四段，其中We are aware of the many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao, but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a 'criterion-referenced' exam:。but作为转折可以替换成despite of criticism。
7. 信息查找题。根据第四段的最后一句It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge，将be able to 换成ability。
8. 信息查找题。根据standardized tests可以定位原文的第四段standardized tests like the SAT are not very good predictors of how well students will do at the university可以得出cannot后填动词原形predict。
9. 信息查找题。根据Zhu zihao可以定位到倒数第二段He said that students who had experienced China's gaokao usually had comprehensive basic knowledge, which helps them excel in studies.表格中用experience名词。
10. 信息查找题。根据原文第4段开头accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores…不难得出应该填based。
3.【南京、盐城2016～2017学年第一次模拟考试】
任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
Until about 18 years ago, it was widely assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life. But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans. This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones. It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don’t have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment. We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenage brain.
Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development. During the first few months or years of life, an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli (听觉刺激) for the associated brain cells and connections to develop. In this way, neuronal circuitry (神经元回路) is shaped according to the environment during ‘sensitive periods’ of brain development. This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions. What about later development of higher-level brain regions, which are involved in decision-making, control and planning, as well as social understanding and self-awareness? We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence. However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is something that should concern us.
There’s a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games. But maybe all this worry is misplaced. After all, throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation. When the printing press was invented, there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people’s minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television. Maybe we shouldn’t be worried at all. It’s possible that the developing brains of today’s teenagers are going to be the most adaptable, creative, multi-tasking brains that have ever existed. There is evidence — from adults — that playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory. Much less is known about how gaming, social networking and so on, influence the developing adolescent brain. We don’t know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive, negative or neutral. We need to find out.
Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. However, according to UNICEF, 40% of the world’s teenagers do not have access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher, and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health, population growth rates, child mortality rates, HIV rates as well as for women’s self-esteem and quality of life. Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial. I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world’s teenagers access to education.
Worrying about the teenage brain
Introduction
Different from the previous researches, a new one reveals that brain development will (1)  even in the teenage years and beyond, which
(2)  some worries.
Various factors (3)  the teenage brain and new worries
● Particular visual or auditory stimuli are a must for animals to (4)
neuronal circuitry at the early time of life.
● We should be (5)  about what influence the environment has on the developing teenage brain.
● Humans always face new technologies with a sense of anxiety that young people’s minds are (6) .
● We are supposed to find out what kind of role new technologies play in the (7) of the teenage brain.
● Education is of great (8) in adolescence when the brain is developing and being shaped. However, it isn’t (9)  to two fifths of the world’s teenagers, girls in particular.
● We are expected to be (10)  of the effects of education on the developing brains.
【答案】1. continue 2. causes 3. affecting/influencing 4. shape 5. concerned/worried/anxious
6. corrupted 7. development 8. importance/significance/benefit 9. accessible/available 10. aware/conscious
【分析】
1.句意理解题，对应原文But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development through