欧洲文化入门优秀PPT.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Welcome,European Culture:,An Introduction,欧洲文化入门,1,The Purpose of Learning European Culture,Language cannot be learned without some knowledge of the culture behind it.,European culture itself is a part of world culture.Some knowledge of it is necessary to us as citizens of the world.,2,To show ones opinion:,3,Oneself,4,The leader,5,Old age life,6,Purpose for My Culture Class,Learning culture is not to recite numerous informations from textbook.,But to improve self-cultivation,to promote ones thinking ability,then to probe our cultures merits and defects from different culture,to think about what we should learn from others and what others should learn from ours.So that we could cultivate a habit of thinking and knowinghow to make life meaningful.,7,For My Personal View,文化，不是让你死记硬背时间、地点、人物、事件、影响、意义。,而是透过不同的文化，探究自身文化的优缺点，从中吸取精华、去除糟粕，来达到提升自我修养，培养独立思考能力的目的。从而让文化成为我们参悟生活，领会人生意义的重要渠道。,8,The Origin of Culture,Mesopotamia,两河流域文明,Egyptian,古埃及文明,Hebrew,希伯来文明,Greek and Roman,希腊与罗马文化,（文化,=,文明）,9,10,11,Division One,Greek Culture and Roman Culture,12,The Origin,Crete (3000 B.C.),克里特岛,Trojan War (1200 B.C.),特洛伊战争,Greek Dark Ages(1200 B.C.800 B.C.),Archaic Greece(800 B.C.500 B.C.),古风时期,Classical Period(500 B.C.336 B.C.),古典时期,Hellenistic Age(336 B.C.31 B.C.),希腊化时代,13,Greece and Troy,14,1.Historical context(background),War between,Greece and Troy,in about 1,200 B.C.,Greek culture in the,5th century B.C,.,Civil war between,Athens and Sparta.,Rule of,Alexander,in the 4th century B.C.,In 146 B.C.the,Romans conquered Greece,.,15,2.Social and Political Structure,Democracy,the adult male citizens,Economy,slave labor(exploitation),Sports,Olympic Games,16,3.Homer,Homer,荷马,(around 700 B.C.),epic,史诗,Iliad,伊利亚特,Odyssey,奥德赛,Today we see,Iliad,and the,Odyssey,incorporated into the course of,almost every high school,in America.,17,Epic,Definition,：,An epic is,a,long narrative poem,of great scale and grandiose style,about the heroes,who are usually warriors or even demigods.,简言之，史诗是叙述英雄传说或重大历史事件的叙事长诗。,18,Trojan War,特洛伊战争,In Greek mythology and in,Iliad,and,Odyssey,by Homer,About,1,200 B.C,.,War between,Greece and Troy,Fought over the beautiful,Helen,Lasted for,10,years,Trojan horse,Troy defeated,19,Greece and Troy,20,21,Achilles,阿喀琉斯,/,阿基里斯,22,Matching,Gold apple,Trojan horse,Achilles heel,Deathful weakness,Bane,Intruding destructive element,23,Matching(key),Gold apple Bane,Trojan horse Intruding destructive element,Achilles heel Deathful weakness,“不和的金苹果”,祸根,“特洛伊木马”,侵入内部的破坏性因素,“阿喀琉斯的脚踵”,致命的弱点,24,Poetry=Poem=Verse,（诗歌）,Ballad,（民谣）,Lyric,（抒情诗）,Epic,（史诗）,Ode,（颂诗）,Elegy,（挽歌）,Pastoral,（田园诗）,Sonnet,（十四行诗）,Narrative Poem,（叙事诗）,Blank Verse,（无韵体诗）,Free Verse,（自由体诗）,25,4.Lyric,（抒情诗）,Definition:,A lyric is a poem that expresses strong feeling.,26,4.Lyric Writers,Sappho(about 612-580 B.C.),萨福,-love poem,Pindar(about 518-438 B.C.),品达,-odes,：,a poem to praise and glorify an individual or a thing.,27,5.Drama,Open-air,theatres,stone benches,looking down at the stage from three sides,actors with masks.,mask=masque,假面剧,28,Three Greatest Tragedy Writer:,a.Aeschylus,（埃斯库罗斯）,b.Sophocles,（索福克勒斯）,c.Euripides,（欧里庇得斯）,29,a.Aeschylus(525-456 B.C.),埃斯库罗斯,The,“,Father of Tragedy,”,one of the three great ancient Greek tragedians,古希腊悲剧之父,Prometheus Bound,被缚的普罗米修斯,30,Prometheus Bound,Based on the myth of,Prometheus,a,titan,泰坦神族人 who gave the gift of fire to mortals and was punished by the god,Zeus,.,31,Matching,Prometheus,Martyr to the cause of human,Pandoras box,Root of all disaster,32,b.Sophocles(496-406 B.C.),索福克勒斯,Second of the three great tragedians of classical Athens,Oedipus the King,俄狄浦斯王,Strong impact,on European literature,“the Oedipus complex”,俄狄浦斯情结,33,Matching,Oedipus complex,俄狄浦斯情结,complex feeling toward parents or between accident and necessity,Sphinxs riddle,斯芬克斯之谜,something of person that hard to understand,34,c.Euripides,(484-406 B.C.),欧里庇得斯,Third of the three great tragedians of classical Athens,the first writer of,“,problem plays,”,社会问题剧,concerned with conflicts-origin of,realism,Andromache,Medea,Trojan Women,35,d.Comedy,Aristophanes,(,阿里斯托芬,450-380 B.C.),ancient Greek Comic dramatist,the Father of Comedy,11,plays,:,Frogs,Clouds,Wasps,Birds,36,6.HistoryHerodotus,希罗多德,The Greek historical writing writes mainly about,wars.,Herodotus(484-430 B.C.),Ancient Greek historian,“,Father of History”,古希腊历史学家，“历史之父”,37,7.,Philosophy,and science,Introduction,The ancient Greeks,curiosity about things,free enquiry,imagination,38,Introduction,The Pre-Socrates Greek Philosophers,Pythagoras,毕达哥拉斯,Heracleitue,赫拉克利特,Democritus,德莫克里特,39,Pythagoras,毕达哥拉斯,Founder of scientific mathematics,the,father of numbers,To Pythagoras,All things were numbers,.,40,Heracleitue,赫拉克利特,Ancient Greek philosopher,Fire is the primary element of the universe.,火是万物之源,“,You cannot step twice into the same river,The sun is new everyday.,”,“,人不能第二次踏进同一条河流。,”,41,Democritus,德莫克里特,The earliest materiamlist,.,Get,the English word,atom,42,The Greatest Philosophers,Socrates,苏格拉底,Plato,柏拉图,Aristotle,亚里士多德,43,a.Socrates,苏格拉底,Socrates,(470-399 B.C.),Dialectical Method,辩证法,44,Story Time,What is love?,What is marriage?,What is affair?,（艳遇）,What is happiness?,What is life?,45,b.Plato,(428-348 B.C.),柏拉图,Dialogues,对话录,Idealism,（唯心主义）,Influence,absorbed into Christian thought,46,Platonic Love,柏拉图式爱情，追求心灵沟通，排斥肉体欲望，是一种理性的精神上的纯洁恋爱。,47,c.,Aristotle,(384-322 B.C.),亚里士多德,Ancient Greek philosopher,a student of,Plato,and,teacher of Alexander the Great,The great humanist and the great man of science,Works,Ethics,Politics,Poetics,and,Rhetoric,诗学,Aristotle and Plato,p28,48,Differences between Plato and Aristotle,1.Aristotle theory should follow fact,Plato subjective thinking is important,2.Aristotle idea+matter=reality,Plato idea is higher than physical world,49,d.Contending Schools of Thought,Sophists,智者派,-Protagoras,普罗泰戈拉,Four schools,the Cynics,犬儒派,the Sceptics,怀疑派,the Epicureans,伊壁鸠鲁派（享乐派）,and the Stoics,斯多葛派,50,e.Science,Euclid,欧几里德,Elements,geometry,Archimedes,阿基米德,51,Euclid 欧几里德,The Father of Geometry,Elements,a textbook of geometry,52,Archimedes 阿基米德,Ancient Greek mathematician,physicist and engineer,“,Give me a place to stand,and I will move the world.,”,53,8.,Art,；,architecture,；,sculpture and pottery,54,多立克柱式（,Doric order,）,Parthenon,帕德农神庙,55,Acropolis of Athens,雅典卫城,56,57,爱奥尼克柱式（,Ionic order,）,-,伊瑞克提翁神庙（,Erechtheion,）,58,59,科林斯柱式,(Corinthain order)-,列雪格拉德音乐纪念亭,60,61,掷铁饼者,62,米洛的维纳斯,63,拉奥孔人物组图,64,陶器,65,9.Impact,Spirit of Innovation,Supreme achievement,Lasing effect,66,II.Roman Culture,Romans and Greeks,Roman history,Latin literature,Architecture,painting and sculpture,67,1.Romans and Greeks,146 BC,Roman conquest of Greece,Languages,of the Roman Empire:Latin(western)and Greek(eastern),Similarities,between Romans and Greeks,democracy,religion,languages,Differences,p37,“,Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive.,”,-Horace,被俘虏的希腊使野蛮的征服者成了她的俘虏！,68,2.Roman history,The year 27 BC,Rome-republic,the,Roman Empire,Pax Romana,:Latin for“,the Roman peace”,between,27 BC and 180 AD,.,Roman law:3rd century BC,罗马法学,Decline in the 3rd century,The emperor,Constantine,moved the capital from Rome to,Byzantium,拜占庭,(Constantinople,君士坦丁堡,-Istanbul,伊斯坦布尔,),Divided into,East,(the,Byzantine Empire,)and the West in 395,In 476,end of the West Roman Empire by the Goths,In 1453,end of the East Roman Empire by the Turks,69,3.Latin literature,Prose,Marcus Tullius,Cicero,西塞罗,Julius,Caesar,凯撒,Poetry,Lucretius,卢克莱修,Virgil,维吉尔,70,Prose and Poetry,Prose is writing distinguished from poetry by its greater variety of rhythm and its closer resemblance to the patterns of everyday speech.,Poetry is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic,（审美的）,and evocative,（共鸣的）,qualities in addition to its ostensible,（表面的）,meaning.,71,Prose and Poetry,Prose is writing a story,either fiction or nonfiction.,Prose writing most often follows standard rules in grammar,punctuation,capitalization,and sentence structure.,Poetry refers to poems,with or without rhyme schemes.,Poetry has rhythm,like a song.It usually follows a set pattern,rhyme scheme and meter.,72,Prose,M.T.,Cicero,西塞罗,(106-43BC),Roman orator,lawyer,politician,and philosopher,罗马最伟大的演说家、教育家和天才作家,Ciceronian,eloquent,oratorical manner of writing,西塞罗式,No man can be brave who considers pain the greatest evil of life;or temperate,who regards pleasure as the highest good.,把痛苦视为生活中最大的祸害的人不可能勇敢；把欢乐视为生活中最美妙的人不会自我节制。,73,Prose-Julius,Caesar,凯撒,(102-44 BC),Roman dictator,politician and general of the late Roman republic,Commentaries,Style,economy,ferocity,“,I came,I saw,I conquered.,”,我来了，我看见了，我征服了。,74,Lucretius,卢克莱修,Lucretius(about 93-50 BC),an Epicurean philosopher,poet,On the Nature of Things,philosophical poem,物性论,expanding the atomic ideas of Epicurus,75,Virgil,维吉尔,(70-19 BC),The greatest of Latin poets,Aeneid,爱涅伊德,Aeneas,Troy,76,4.Architecture,painting and sculpture,a.,Architecture,-great engineers,-,Romans roads,:,“,All roads lead to Rome,.,”,-The Pantheon,万神庙,-Pont du Gard,加德桥,-The Colosseum,古罗马之圆形大剧场,77,78,79,80,81,82,b.Painting,Wall-paintings,83,84,c.,S,c,ulpture,Glorify the emperors and record the events of the Roman Empire,Constantine the Great,君士坦丁大帝,Spoils form the Temple in Jerusalem,She-wolf,母狼,85,86,87,