考研英语例证题方法-PPT课件.pptx

考考研英研英语阅读理解理解12000 passage21、微、微观阅读技巧技巧-标点符号的运用点符号的运用2、例、例证题解解题方法方法22000 passage2 55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?56.What does the example of India illustrate?57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_.58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?3Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?A A lack of mates.B A fierce competition.C A lower survival rate.D A defective gene.4This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed.Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.52段段 There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past.Except in some religious communities,very few women has 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.6专题讲解之解之 标点符号的运点符号的运用用7逗号：逗号：两个逗号之间，或一个逗号之后为补充说明的成分，非主干8逗号：逗号：两个逗号之间，或一个逗号之后为补充说明的成分，是非主干 00-1 2段 the making of semiconductors ,which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age ,was going to be the next casualty.96-5 1段 Scientific creationism ,which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given ,is based on religion,not science.9冒冒号：号：冒号前后，一般是从抽象到具体，冒号后面的内容解释前面的内容。10冒冒号：号：冒号前后，一般是从抽象到具体，冒号后面的内容解释前面的内容。97-3 60.The word pervasive(line 1,paragraph 2)might mean _.A widespread B overwhelming C piercing D fashionableWe live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive :an aspirin to quiet a headache,some wine to be sociable,coffee to get going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves.11冒冒号：号：冒号前后，一般是从抽象到具体，冒号后面的内容解释前面的内容。07-4 30.36.The statement“It never rains but it pours”is used to introduceA the fierce business competition.B the feeble boss-board relations.C the threat from news reports.D the severity of data leakageIt never rains but it pours.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles,and improved their feeble corporation governance,a new problem threatens to earn them especially in America the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite :data insecurity.12分号：分号：分号前后为并列关系。13分号：分号：分号前后为并列关系。03-4 2段段 Death is normal ;we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish,even under ideal conditions.00-2 2段段 For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.14分号：分号：分号前后为并列关系。69.The sentence This is no flash in the pan(line 4,paragraph 3)means that _.A the low inflation rate will last for some timeB the inflation rate will soon riseC the inflation will disappear quicklyD there is no inflation at present97-5 3段段 This is no flash in the pan ;over the past couple of years,inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.15引号引号：1）引用）引用 2）反反语或或语意意转移移16引号：引号：1）引用）引用 2）反反语或或语义转移移 96-5 1段段 Scientific creationism,which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given,is based on religion,not science.67.Creationism in the passage refers to _.A evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universeB a notion of the creation of religionC the scientific explanation of the earth formationD the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe1797-1 53.When Lloyd Nickson dies,he will _.A face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD undergo a cooling off period of seven daysThe patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors.After a“cooling off”period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificate of request.After 48 hours the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson,a 54-year-old Darwin.1808-4 For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.B Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.1908-4 For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.B Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.202000 passage2 2段段212段段 There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past.Except in some religious communities,very few women has 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.2256.What does the example of India illustrate?A Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.B Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.C The middle class population is 80%smaller than that of the tribes.D India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.23例例证题：1、标志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to_24例例证题：1、标志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to_2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点；观点一般在例子前，有时也在例子后。25例例证题：1、标志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to_2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点；观点一般在例子前，有时也在例子后。3、干扰选项：就事论事 2656.What does the example of India illustrate?A Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.B Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.C The middle class population is 80%smaller than that of the tribes.D India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.27历年真年真题中的案例中的案例2899-1 53.The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discardedD some sports games might lose popularity with athletes1段段 Its a rough world out there.Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.2999-1 53.The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discardedD some sports games might lose popularity with athletes2段 Feeling threatened,companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels,trying to anticipate every possible accident.Today,stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn,among other things,that you might surprise!fall off.The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy does not enable user to fly.3099-1 53.The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discardedD some sports games might lose popularity with athletes4段 Now the tide appears to be turning.As personal injury claims continue as before,some courts are beginning to side with defendants,especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything.In May,Julie Nimmons,president of Schutt Sports in Illinois,successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.Were really sorry he has.3199-5 67.The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that _.A inquiring minds are more important than scientific experimentsB science advances when fruitful researches are conductedC scientists seldom forget the essential nature of researchD unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research1段段 Science,in practice,depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.Apples had been falling in many places.3201-2 57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of.A providing financial support overseas B preventing foreign capitals control C building industrial infrastructure D accepting foreign investment 4段段 To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,33例例证题：1、标志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to_2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点；观点一般在例子前，有时也在例子后。3、干扰选项：就事论事 342000 passage2 3段段3557.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_.A life has been improved by technological advanceB the number of female babies has been decliningC our species has reached the highest stage of evolutionD the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing3段段 For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years even the past 100 years our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.3657.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_.A life has been improved by technological advanceB the number of female babies has been decliningC our species has reached the highest stage of evolutionD the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing3段段 For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years even the past 100 years our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.3758.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution.B Ways of Continuing Mans Evolution.C The Evolutionary Future of Nature.D Human Evolution Going Nowhere.1段段 Being a man has always been dangerous.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.2段段 There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:3段段 For us,this means that evolution is over;381、微、微观阅读技巧技巧-标点符号点符号2、例、例证题解解题思路及案例分析思路及案例分析39下节课再见40