1、126DOl:10.16720/ki.tcyj.2023.125Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research特产研究木姜叶柯叶三枯化学成分研究魏文文1,2,温应宁2,罗慧芳2(1.中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室,广东广州5 10 6 5 02.惠州市农业科学研究所,广东惠州5 16 0 2 3摘要:从木姜叶柯叶Lithocarpus litseifolius(H a n c e)Ch u n 乙醇提取物低极性组分中分离鉴定了3个三化合物,根据NMR和MS等波谱数据分别鉴定为Lithocarpic acidW(
2、1)、(2 4S*,2 5 R*)-c y c l o a r t a n e-3,24,25,26-tetrol(2)和2,3,23-三羟-12-烯-2 8-齐墩果酸(3)。化合物1为新化合物,化合物2 和3首次从该植物中分离得到。关键词:木姜叶柯叶;三;化学成分中图分类号:R284.1文献标识码:A文章编号:10 0 1-47 2 1(2 0 2 3)0 4-0 12 6-0 3Chemical Constituents of Triterpenoids from Lithocarpus litseifoliusWEI Wenwenl,2,WEN Yingning,LUO Huifang?
3、(1.Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratoryof Applied Botany,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;2.HuizhouInstitute of Agricultural Sciences,Huizhou 516023,China)Abstract:Three trite
4、rpenoids have been isolated from the ethanol extract of Lithocarpus litseifolius leaf.On the basis of spectral data ofNMR and MS,they were identified as lithocarpic acid W(1),(24S*,25R*)-cycloartane-3,24,25,26-tetrol(2),2,3,23-trihydroxy ole-an-12-en-28-oic acid(3).Compounds 1 is a new,and compound
5、2 and 3 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Key words:Lithocarpus litseifolius leaf;triterpenoid;chemical constituent木姜叶柯叶Lithocarpus litseifolius(Hance)Chun是一种具有很长食用历史的民间非糖甜味饮品,为壳斗科(Fagaceae)柯属(Lithocarpus)常绿植物。其以叶入药,可用于防治温热痢疾、皮肤瘙痒及痛疽恶疮等症,还有“二抗一保双降”抗氧化、抗癌变、保肝、降血脂和降血糖)的作用1-4。根据文献报道木姜叶柯叶的
6、主要成分和功能性物质是黄酮类化合物3-5 ,其它类化学成分报道比较少。本试验从该植物中分离得到3个三化合物,其中化合物1为新化合物,命名为Lith-ocarpic acid W。1材料和仪器1.1试验材料木姜叶柯叶于2 0 13年3月采自广东省惠州市罗浮山,并由中国科学院华南植物园刑福武研究员鉴定。收稿日期:2 0 2 2-0 2-0 7基金项目:国家自然科学基金(3147 0 42 3)作者简介:魏文文(19 8 9-),女,硕士研究生,农艺师,主要从事生物技术研究。1.2试验仪器IH NMR 和 13C NMR(Bruker DRX-500 型,瑞士Bruker公司);柱层析用硅胶(青岛海
7、洋化工有限公司);Sephadex LH-20(瑞典Amersham Biosciences 公司);薄层层析板TLC(烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司);柱层析反相硅胶DevelosilODS(粒径7 5 m,日本富士化学公司);柱层析用MCI(德国Merck公司);反相(RP-18)TLC板(德国Merck公司);ESI-MS(美国Ap-plied Bio-systems公司);半制备HPLC(日本Shimadzu公司);所用试剂为分析纯或色谱纯。2提取与分离木姜叶柯叶晾干后粉碎,得干粉2.7 7 kg,用9 5%乙醇室温浸泡提取4次(每次48 h),减压浓缩得乙醇浸膏(0.9 7 kg),乙醇提
8、取物用2 0%乙醇沉淀过夜,离第4期心,得到上清液(46 3g)和沉淀部(2 5 9 g)两部分。沉淀部经正相硅胶柱层析,以三氯甲烷一甲醇梯度洗脱(10:0 7 0:30),收集流份,TLC检查后合并为15 个组分(St-1St-15)。St-10(8.2g)经反相胶柱层析,以甲醇-水(40:6 0 80:20,v/v)洗脱,经TLC检查,合并相同组分,共得到17 个亚组分(St-10-aSt-10-q)。St-10-p 经 SephadexLH-20柱色谱反复纯化得到化合物1(6 mg)。St-10-n经SephadexLH-20柱色谱反复纯化得到化合物3(60mg)。St-9(5.5 g)
9、经反相硅胶柱层析,以甲醇-水(50:5090:10)洗脱,经TLC检查合并相同组分,得到15 个亚组分(St-9-aSt-9-o)。St-9-k 经Sephadex LH-20柱色谱反复纯化得到化合物2(8 0 mg)。3结构鉴定化合物1:白色粉末,易溶于吡啶;+66.22(c0.90,MeOH);HR-ESI-MS:m/z 515.3707 M+Na+(cal-cd for C30H52OsNat,515.3693);IH-NMR(pyridine-ds,500 Hz)8:1.83(1H,m,H-1),3.40(1H,m,H-1),2.67(1H,m,H-2),3.27(1H,m,H-2),
10、2.22(1H,dd,J=12.3,5.8 Hz,H-5),0.79(1H,m,H-6),1.81(1H,m,H-6),1.06(1H,m,H-7),1.27(1H,m,H-7),1.38(1H,m,H-8),1.33(1H,m,H-11),2.34(1H,m,H-11),1.63(2H,m,H-12),1.32(2H,m,H-15),2.00(1H,m,H-16),1.39(1H,m,H-16),1.66(1H,m,H-17),1.05(3H,s,H-18),0.86(1H,J=4.0 Hz,H-19),0.64(1H,J=4.0 Hz,H-19),1.58(1H,m,H-20),1.02(
11、3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-21),1.69(1H,m,H-22),1.84(1H,m,H-22),3.81(1H,J=8.5Hz,H-24),1.58(3H,s,H-26),1.56(3H,s,H-26),0.94(3H,s,H-28),1.46(3H,s,H-29),1.48(3H,s,H-30);13C-NMR(pyridine-ds,125Hz)8:31.9(C-1),34.1(C-2),177.6(C-3),75.7(C-4),46.4(C-5),26.1(C-6),26.7(C-7),49.4(C-8),23.3(C-9),27.9(C-10),27.5(C-11),33.9(
12、C-12),45.7(C-13),49.7(C-14),36.8(C-15),29.1(C-16),53.6(C-17),19.0(C-18),32.0(C-19),36.8(C-20),19.3(C-21),34.6(C-22),29.5(C-23),79.6(C-24),73.3(C-25),26.4(C-26),26.6(C-27),20.3(C-28),27.4(C-29),32.4(C-30)。根据HR-ESI-MS分子离子峰,确定化合物的分子量为49 2;由分子式计算该化合物不饱和度为5。IH-NMR谱的高场有7 组甲基质子信号SH1.05(3H,s),1.02(3H,s),1.5
13、8(3H,s),1.56(3H,s),0.94(3H,s),1.46(3H,s),1.48(3H,s);一个特征的AB偶合的质子信号SH0.77(1H,d,J=4.1 Hz),0.44(1H,d,J=4.1 Hz);低场区域信号SH3.81(1H,d,J=8.5 H z)为连羟基的碳上的质魏文文,等:木姜叶柯叶三化学成分研究H-24)与c 26.4(C-26),26.6(C-27)相关,OH 1.58(3H,s,H-26),1.56(3H,s,H-27)与c 73.3(C-25)相关,OH 1.58(3H,s,H-26),1.56(3H,s,H-27)与Sc 79.6(C-24)相关,可推出一
14、个链状二元醇片段;由8 H1.02(3H,SH-2 1)和Sc53.6(C-17)相关,可推出链状二元醇片段连在C-17。参考文献数据6 ,化合物1结构鉴定为一个新化合物,命名为LithocarpicacidW化合1的主要1H-1HcosY和HMBC相关信号,见图1。2218121319141028HO63029图1化合物1的主要1H-1HCOSY(粗线)和HMBC(箭头)Fig.1Key 1H-1H COSY(bold lines)and HMBC(arrows)correlations of compound 1化合物2:白色粉末,ESI-MSm/z475.5M-H;1H-NMR(pyri
15、dine-ds,500 Hz)8:3.55(1H,dd,J=11.5,4.3Hz,H-3),1.49(1H,dd,J=12.3,4.6 Hz,H-8),1.02(3H,S,H-18),0.55(1H,d,J=3.9 Hz,H-19),0.32(1H,d,J=3.9Hz,H-19),1.01(3H,s,H-21),4.33(1H,dd,J=10.6,4.7Hz,H-26),4.14(1H,dd,J=10.6,3.6 Hz,H-26),1.66(3H,s,H-27),1.24(3H,s,H-28),1.12(3H,s,H-29),0.90(3H,s,H-30);13C-NMR(pyridine-d
16、s,125 Hz)8:33.0(C-1),28.9(C-2),78.5(C-3),41.6(C-4),48.6(C-5),22.0(C-6),26.8(C-7),49.5(C-8),20.5(C-9),127子信号;13C-NMR和DEPT谱给出7 个甲基碳信号c(19.3,19.0,26.4,26.6,20.3,27.4,32.4),7个季碳信号c(177.6,75.7,23.3,27.9,45.7,49.7,73.3)和一个羰基碳c(17 7.6)信号,综合以上信息可以推出该化合物是一个环菠萝烷型三,结合二维核磁共振谱(COSY和HSQC),对氢谱和碳谱数据进行了归属。HMBC 远程相关数
17、据SH 1.46(3H,s,H-29),1.48(3H,s,H-30)和Sc46.4(C-5)相关,0 H 1.46(3H,s,H-29),1.48(3H,s,H-30)和Sc75.7(C-4)相关,可推出4位碳上连接这两个甲基,且4位碳是一个含氧季碳;SH1.05(3H,s,H-18),1.02(3H,s,H-21)和c53.6(C-17)相关,可推出这两个甲基连在C-17侧链上;由SH3.81(1H,d,J=8.5 H z,OH2123H1615相关信号OH2712827.0(C-10),27.1(C-11),33.7(C-12),46.0(C-13),50.1(C-14),36.3(C-
18、15),29.5(C-16),53.3(C-17),18.9(C-18),30.5(C-19),37.5(C-20),19.4(C-21),34.9(C-22),31.8(C-23),77.6(C-24),75.3(C-25),26.5(C-26),20.6(C-27),26.7(C-28),15.4(C-29),20.0(C-30)。对照文献7 数据,确认化合物为(2 4S*,25R*)-cycloartane-3,24,25,26-tetrol化合物2 结构式,见图2。HOFig.2 The structural formula of compound 2化合物3:无色针状粉末,ESI-M
19、Sm/z511.0M+Nal+:1H NMR(500 MHz,Me0D)8:3.69(1H,m,H-2),3.35(1H,d,J=3.2 Hz,H-3),5.25(1H,t,J=3.4 Hz,H-12),3.27(1H,d,J-11.0 Hz,H-23),3.50(1H,d,J=11.1Hz,H-23),0.70(3H,s,H-24),1.03(3H,s,H-25),0.82(3H,S,H-26),1.18(3H,S,H-27),0.91(3H,S,H-29),0.95(3H,s,H-30);13C NMR(125 MHz,MeOD)8:47.9(C-1),69.7(C-2),78.2(C-3
20、),44.1(C-4),48.2(C-5),19.1(C-6),33.9(C-7),40.6(C-8),39.0(C-10),24.6(C-11),123.4(C-12),145.5(C-13),43.0(C-14),28.8(C-15),24.1(C-16),47.7(C-17),42.8(C-18),47.3(C-19),31.6(C-20),34.9(C-21),33.3(C-22),66.3(C-23),13.9(C-24),17.5(C-25),17.8(C-26),26.5(C-27),182.1(C-28),33.6(C-29),24.0(C-30)。对照文献8 数据,确认该化合
21、物为2,3,23-三羟-12-烯-2 8-齐墩果酸化合物3结构式,见图3。HOHO特产研4讨论本试验以木姜叶柯叶为原料,利用天然药物提取分离手段,从木姜叶柯叶中分离得到了3个化合物,通过光谱数据及与相关文献比对,分别鉴定为Lithoc-arpic acid W(1)、(2 4S*,2 5 R*)-c y c l o a r t a n e-3,24,25,26-tetrol(2)、2,3,2 3-三羟-12-烯-2 8-齐墩果酸(3)。研究表明二氢查尔酮葡萄糖苷为木姜叶柯叶甜味OH的主要成分9 ,其它类化学成分报道比较少,故本研究OH从木姜叶柯叶中分离得到了3个三化合物,其中化OHH图2 化合
22、物2 结构式究合物2 和3为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1为新化合物。参考文献1 LI S H,ZENG J Y,TAN J,et al.Antioxidant and hepatoprotec-tive effects of Lithocarpus polystachyus against carbon tetra-chloride-induced injuries in ratJ.Bangladesh Journal of Phar-macology,2013(8):420-427.2 LIN C Y,WANG L,WANG H,et al.Lithocarpus Polystachyu
23、s Rehdleaf aqueous extract inhibits human breast cancer growth in vitro andin vivoJ.Nutrition and Cancer,2014,66(4):613-624.3 DONG H Q,LI M,ZHU F,et al.Inhibitory potential of triloba-tin from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd against alpha-gluco-sidase and alpha-amylase linked to type 2 diabetesJ.FoodC
24、hemistry,2012,130:261-266.4 ZHOU C J,HUANG S,LIU J Q,et al.Sweet tea leaves extractimproves leptin resistance in diet-induced obese ratsJ.Jour-nal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,145:386-392.5魏文文,刘振昌,温应宁.木姜叶柯叶黄酮类化学成分研究.特产研究,2 0 2 1,43(4):40-43.6 WANG H M,NING R N,SHEN Y,et al.Lithocarpic acids A-N,3,4-sec
25、o-Cycloartane derivatives from the cupules of Lith-ocarpus polystachyusJ.Journal of Natural Products,2014,77:1910-1920.7 JI K L,ZHANG P,HU H B,et al.Limonoids from the leavesand twigs of Walsura yunnanensisJ.Journal of Natural Pro-ducts,2014,77:1764-1769.8周媛媛,王栋,牛峰.抗肿瘤中药青龙衣化学成分的研究J.OH中草药,2 0 10,41(1):11-14.9何春年,彭勇,肖伟,等.多穗柯甜茶的研究进展.时珍国医国药,2 0 12,2 3(5):12 5 3-12 5 5.2023年第45 卷第4期OH图3化合物3结构式Fig.3 The structural formula of compound 3