英语语法讲义.doc

英语语法讲义
词法
第一讲：名词，
Part One: 名词
考点： 名词的数，名词的所有格 ， 名词作定语， 名词与冠词。
I. 名词的分类：
1.专有名词：
2.普通名词：
可数：
不可数：
II.永远不可数的名词：
advice fun information chocolate knowledge progress luggage/baggage furniture
III.即可数又不可数的名词:
room word experience shock danger success failure work difficulty honour surprise pleasure equipment
IV. 加s不加s意思不一样
sand manner work wood time drinks arm glass regard
V.特殊的复数
1. 以f结尾：belief cliff roof gulf serf chief handkerchief proof
2 .以o结尾：photo piano kilo radio zoo
3. 只有复数：cattle people clothes police
4.集体名词： class government team army committee group company family
5.单复数同型：sheep deer aircraft spacecraft means species series
6.有关man和woman: a woman teacher ---two women teachers ,a man cook—two men cooks
7.主干词加s: brother-in-law comrade-in-arm story-teller looker-on passer-by
8.无主干词在最后加： grown-up go-between forget-me-not
VI.名词的格：
1.’s所有格的用法:
2.国家，城市的所有格：
3.时间，距离的所有格：
4. else 的所有格：
5.of 的所有格用法：
6.名词做定语：
VII.过关测试：
1. It is bad _______to speak with your month full of food.
A. manner B way C .manners D. thing
2.I can’t say which is better---it’s a(n)___________of personal taste.
A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety
3.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _______and weakness .
A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values
4.I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s________.
A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place P1.
5.Always read the _______carefully on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions
6._________came ______the president himself would inspect our school next week.
A. Word//that B. Word/which C. A word /that D. Word ,what
7.How far is it ? It is ________from here.
A. a twenty minute’s walk B. a twenty-minutes walk C. a twenty minutes’ walk D .twenty minutes walk
8　He is a man of ________and he has lot of interesting ________in his life..
A. much experience /experiences B. much experience /experience
B. many experience /experience D. many experiences/ experience
9 .China has __________of more than 1.2 billion. A. much population B. the population
C. a little population D. a large population of
10. Classification is a useful _________to the organization0f knowledge in any field .
A. manner B. means C. way D. approach
11. Schoolmaster is offering a ________to whoever can give some information about the problem. .A. money B. reward C. prize D. promise
12..He read the passage again and again but fail to make _________of it .
A. meaning B. understanding C. view D. sense
13.No one is allowed to have the ________to use the office computer to plays games.
A. power B. privilege C. ability D. right
14.The meeting was _______.Most people were for our plan.
A. succeed B. successfully C. success D. a success
15.He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers.
A. wealth/work B. wealth /works C wealths /work D. wealth / works
答案：1—5 ＣＣBＡＢ 6---10.ACADD 11—15. BDBDD

名词及主谓一致
Part one.
1. You will find this map of _______________in helping you to get round the city.
A. source B. sense C. favour D. value.
2. Do you have any ___________of what life would be like if we lived on other planets.
B. plan . B. idea C. impression. D. imagination.
3. Always read the ______________on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
C. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions. D.instructions.
4. The ____________on his face told me that he was angry .
D. impression B. sight C. appearance. D. expression
5. At the meeting they discussed three different ____________to the study of mathematics.
E. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways.
6. School children must be taught how to with dangerous __________.
F. states B. conditions. C. situations D .positions.
7. You are always full of _______________.Can you tell me the secret?
---Taking plenty of exercise every day .
G. power B. strength C. force D. energy
8. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_____________.
H. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges
9. H and his wife are of the same _____________:they both want their son to go to college .
I. soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind .
10. I can’t say which wine is better ?It is a(n)____________of personal taste.
J. affair B. event C. matter D. variety.
11. The ____________shoes were covered with mud ,so I asked them to take them off before they got into _______________.car.
K. girl’s/Tom’s Ｂgirls’/Toms’ C. girls ’/Tom’s Dgirls’s /Toms’
12. James took the magazine off the little table to make _____________for the television.
L. room B. area C. field D. position.
13. All the ________have three _______each.
M. hero, photo B .heros, photos C . heroes , photos D.heroes ,photos.
14. Genenrally speaking ,the __________wages should be 10 percent higher than the ________>
N. teachers’/officials’ B.teachers’/that of officials.C.teacher’s/official’s D.teachers?officials.
15. I don’t like him to know that I don’t want to be with him.,but he never gets the ________.
O. message B. news C. information D. word.
Part Two :
1.---Henry has been teaching English in Beijing University for many years.
---It’s no ___________he can speak Chinese so well’
A. matter B. doubt C. problem D. wonder
2.___________is not a long way to walk .
A.Three miles’distance B. Three miles distance C.Three-mile-distance D.Three-miles distance
3.I am serious .Don’t regard it as a ___________.
A. pleasure B. joke C. fool D. fun.
4.Before we moved into the new house ,we bought many ________.
A. furniture B. furnitures C. pieces of furniture D. furniture pieces.
5 .What __________it is to jump into the water to swim in the hot weather .
A. a fun B. funs C. the funs D. fun.
6.In this strange village ,there are many small flags on the __________.
A.roof. B. roofs C. rooves D.foofes
7.When I gave up work I shall take a long sea __________.
A. trip B. travel C. journey D. voyage.
8.In that country ,there are two glass _____________and one chemical _________.
A .work s /works B. work /works C, factories ,work D.work,work
9.Although Tan Weiwei began her _________by singing in a local bar, she is now a famous star.
A. employment B. profession C. occupation D.career
10.It was reported that the problem had been settled without much __________.
A.affect B. affair C. effect D. effort
11.These trousers don’t fit me well. Would you please show me another _______.
A. set B. pair C. piece D>one
12.He has spent a large _________of money on his new house .
A. deal B. number C. amount D. piece.
13.Our _________protects us from the cold.
A.dress B. clothing C. clothes D. cloth.
14.I should like to try that coat on, for I don’t know if it is my ___________.
A. shape B. model C. design D. size.
15.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English exam ,so that she could be sure of passing it on her first __________.
A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire.

Part Three.
1. The mananger entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets___________.
A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked ,
2. Every possible means ___________to prevent the air pollution ,but the sky is still not clear.
B. is used B. are used C. has been used D.have been used.
3 .He is the only one of the students who ___________a winner of scholar for three years.
A. is B.are C. have been D. has been
4 As a result of destroying the forest a large _____of desert _____covered with the land
A .numbers/has B.quantity /has C. number/have Ｄquantity/have
5. The teacher ,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____________visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
6. On top of the books _________the photo album you are looking for.
A. is B. are C. has D> have
7. Most of what has been said about the Smiths __________also true of the Johnsons.
A. are B. is C. being D. have
8.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _______used regularly.
A. is B. are C was D. were.
9 The population of Jiangsu ___________to more than twice what it was in 1949.
A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing
10. Either you orr one of your students ___________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow .
A. are B. is C. have D.be .
11.A survey of the opinions of experts_ _______that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ___________good for oen’s health.
A. show/are B. shows/is C.show/is D.shows/are
12. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ____________rising steadily since 1990.
A.is B. are C. has been D. have been
13.---Is everyone here?
----Not yet-------look,there __________the rest of our guests.
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
14.It is reported that many a new house ___________at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built.
15. Buying clothes ___________a hard job because the clothes a person likes _______not very offen fit him.
A. are, do B. is ,does C. are ,does D. is ,do
Part Four
1. He is the only one of the students who __________abroad.
A. have gone B. has gone C. are going D. is going to
2. Do you know the singer and dancer who ________at the gate?
B. is standing B. are standing C. is stand D. standing
3. Mike ,what did our monitor say just now ?
Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _________to visit the musem ________asked to at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning .
C. is ,is B. are, are C. is ,are D. are, is
4. The city government is planning to build a new factory to deal with rubbish, but when and where to start _________.
D. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
5. ___________either of your parents come to see you recently?
E. Have B.Had C. Has D. Is
6. They both have some friends ,but his _________more active .
F. is B. will be C. was D. are
7. Dou you think fifty dollars __________enough for a chair? I don’t have much money with me . A. is B. are c. has D. have
8. Films , __________the one you told me about yesterday or one that will be on ,________not worth seeing .
G. including ,is B. as well as ,are C. besides ,is D. such as, are
9. More than one student ,along with some parents, _______quizzed for information on the reference book so far. A was B. were C. have been D. has been
10. What the science teacher does and say ________of great importance to college students.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
11．A large _______of money is spent on the Hope Project and a good many schools _______set up.
.A. amount ,has been B. amount ,have been C.number ,has been D. deal, have been
12.Lage quantities of information ,as well as some timely help ________since the organization was built. A. has offered B. had been offered C. have been offered D. is offered.
13.To play basketball and to go swimming _____good for character training.
A. was B. is C. are D. were.
14.Nowdays a large number of women ,especially those from the countryside ,________in the clothing industry.
A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
15.Chairman Mao”s works _________published.
A. has been B. have been .Ｃwas D. is .
1—5 DBBDA 6—10 CDBDC 11—15 CACAA
1—5 DABCD 6—10 BDADD 11-15 BCCDB
1—5 BCABA 6—10ABDAB 11—15 BCADC
1—5 BADAC 6—10DADDB 11—15BCCCB

第二讲: 冠词
考点：冠词的基本用法。
冠词的种类：定冠词和不定冠词
I. 定冠词的用法：
1. 定冠词可用在单数可数名词，复数名词和不可数名词前，表特指。
2. 独一无二的名词前：
3. 方位名词：
4. 谈话双方都知道的人和物：
5. 上文提到的名词。
6. 用在短语或从句修饰的名词前：
7. 用在形容词最高级或序数词前：
8. 江河湖海洋山脉群岛海湾海峡沙漠名词前：
9. 用在形容词前表一类人：
10. 用在姓的复数前表一家人：
11. 用在乐器名词前：
12. 用在计算单位名词前：
13.用在单数名词前表一类人：
II. 不定冠词的用法：
1用在单数可数名词前，表示一
2. 笼统指某人和某物（名词带有描绘性修饰语，仅把意义范围缩小）。 P2
3. 用在姓名前或Mr.Mrs Miss MS +姓氏前，表示某一位：
4. a 和one 区别：
5. a（an）+序数词表“又一，再一”
III. 零冠词：
1物质名次，抽象名词或复数名词用于一般意义：
2.by +交通工具
3.学科名词，球类，棋类，疾病通常不加
4.普通名词 +//as(though)
5/turn +名词
III. 过关测试：
1. None but _______were expected. .A. brave B. a brave C braves D. the brave
2. --------What did you think of _________president?
-------I didn’t care for him at first, but after _________time I got to like him .
A. the,/ a B. a/ the C. the /the D. / a
3. Many ________scientist wants to be ________second Newton.
A. a/the B. a/a C. / a D. / the
4.At noon we reach _________small village ________east of the town.
A. the/ the B. a/ the C. a/ x D. a/ an
5 Apples usually sold by _________weight and eggs are sometimes sold by ________dozen.
A. the ,the B. x, a C. x, the D. the ,a
6.--------I find _________German grammar very difficult.
-------I agree. Though ________grammar is poor ,you pronounce very well.
A. x,your B. x/x C. the /you D. the/ the
7.When you finish reading the book ,you will have ________better understanding of ______life.
A. a/the B. the/a C. the /x D. a/x
8.In _______China of today, _______computer is no longer _________rare thing .
A .the. a/a B. x/x/the C. x/the/a D. the/x/the
9.They say that __________ Japanese language is particularly difficult for _______European.
A. the/an B. a/a C. the/a D. a/the
10.About 1979,he went to _________high school and began to study _______law by himself.
A. a/the B. x/the C. x/x D .x/a
11.The man rushed into the room ,seized tom by _________collar and hit him in ______face.
A. the/the B. his/his C. the/his D. his /the
12.Wuhan,_________capital city of Hubei province ,is on ________Changjiang River.
A .the/x B. x/x C .x/the D. the/the
13.People all over the world celebrate ______New Year’s Day and people in China celebrate __________Spring Festival as well.
A. the/x B. x/the C. x/x D. the/the
14.Wouldn’t it ________wonderful world if all nations lived in ________peace with one another ?
A. a/x B. the/x C. a/the D. the/the
15.Nobody knows who invented _______wheel. which is _________most useful invention in _________history. A.a/the/x Bx./the/x C. the/a/x D.a/a/the
答案：1-----5：DABCA 6—10 ADACC 11---15 ADBAC

Part Two:
1. When you finish reading the book, you will have _____better understanding of ____ life.
A: a; the B: the; a C: /; the D: a; /
2. For a long time they walked without saying ___word . Jim was the first to break ______silence.
A: the ; a B: a ; the C: a ; / D: the ; /
3. It is _____world of wonders, ____world where anything can happen.
A: a ‘ the B: a; a C: the ; a D: / ; /
4. The most important thing about cotton in history is ______ part that it played in _____ Industrial Revolution.
A: / ; / B: the ; /