初中宾语从句讲解及习题.doc

宾语从句一、宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.只能用whether不能用if的情况：1）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。2）宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. 例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.3）和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.二、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?三、 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。2. 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例:1） She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student.2）She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country.四、宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.五、宾语从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 2. 当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 宾语从句练习一用合适的连接词填空1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go hiking yesterday afternoon.(how, why)2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today (who, whom)3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.(that, if)4. He always thinks _ he can do better.(how, who)5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)6. They dont know _ we are going hiking. (when, what)7. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next day. (when, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (what, who)9. I dont know _ so many people crowding round him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ shirt it is (whose, whos)二. 选择题1. I dont know _ he will be back home. A. who B. what C. when D. where2. Could you tell me _ A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in3. Do you still remember _ A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say4. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she leftB. why did she leave C. why she had leftD. why had she left5. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6. They tried to find out _ the new train _. A. how far/had goneB. how long/has goneC. how far/went D. how far had/run7. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matterB. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter8. Can you tell me _ A. where are you doing B. where do you study C. where you were doing D. where you study9. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen11. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how checkB. to checkC. how to check D. to how checking13. _ hell come or not isnt important. A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What14. Would you like to know _they will do it or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. why15. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name isD. what his name is 16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how, other D. what, another17. Could you tell me _ Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone18. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains19. I dont know if he _tomorrow. If he _tomorrow, Ill meet him. A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will comeD. comes/ will come20. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arriveC. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives21. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take22. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which23. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mended D. how did he mend24. She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may25. Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveledB. has travelled C. travells D. had traveled26. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring27. Tom asked my friend _. A. that the earth is bigger than the moon B. where was he from C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry28. Let me tell you _ A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car29. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris30. I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone31. I havent seen _ before. A. so an interesting filmB. such an interesting film C. so interesting film D. such interesting a film32. I _ that we will visit the farm next week. A. didnt suppose B. dont suppose C. never supposed D. supposed33. I dont think he is right, _? A. isnt he B. is he C. do I D. dont I34. He believes she is right, _? A. doesnt he B. does he C. is she D. isnt she35. I thought that he disliked playing football, _? A. didnt he B. did he C. did I D. didnt I三. 将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句.(1)These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.(2)Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.(3)There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.(4)Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.(5)Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.(6) “Have you finished your homework yet?” Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.(7)How many people can you see in the picture? Who knowsWho knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture(8)Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car(9)What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.(10)Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I dont know _ _ at the door so loudly.答案：一、1. why 2. who 3. that 4. how 5. how soon 6. when 7. if 8. what 9. why 10. whose二、1-10 CBBAC ABDAC 11-20 BCCCD DBCAD 21-30 ACCBC DDDBC 31-35 BBBAA三、1. that, were 2. that travels 3. that, would be 4. if/whether they can speak5. if/whether, are playing 6. if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8. where she parked 9. what he, talked10. who knocked