初中宾语从句讲解及习题.doc

宾语从句
一、宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或
形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
只能用whether不能用if的情况：
1）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
　　 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
2）宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
　　 例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
3）和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
三、 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
　　2. 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
　　例:1） She says that she is a student.
　　 She said that she was a student.
2）She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
　　 She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3）She says that she has finished her homework already.
　　 She said that she had finished her homework already.
3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
　　例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
　　 He told me that Japan is an island country.
四、宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
五、宾语从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
　　Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
　　We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
2. 当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
　　She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
　　注：当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
　　Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？

宾语从句练习
一．用合适的连接词填空
1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go hiking yesterday afternoon.(how, why)
2. Can you tell me ______ else is going to be on duty today (who, whom)
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.(that, if)
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.(how, who)
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)
6. They don't know _______ we are going hiking. (when, what)
7. She wanted to know _______ her coat would be ready the next day. (when, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (what, who)
9. I don't know ______ so many people crowding round him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ shirt it is (whose, who's)
二. 选择题
1. I don't know _____ he will be back home.
A. who B. what C. when D. where
2. Could you tell me ___________ 
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
3. Do you still remember _______ 
A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say
4. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left  B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left
5. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
6. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________. 
A. how far/had gone B. how long/has gone  C. how far/went D. how far had/run
7. The manager came up to see __________. 
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was 
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
8. Can you tell me ___________ 
A. where are you doing B. where do you study
C. where you were doing D. where you study
9. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.
A. how B. why C. that D. when
10. He asked his father _______. 
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
11. I don’t know when __________.
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
13. ____ he'll come or not isn't important.
A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What
14. Would you like to know _____they will do it or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
15. I want to know_________.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is
16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell ___ it would be like in ____five years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how, other D. what, another
17. — Could you tell me ______ — Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
18. —Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow. 
—Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead. 
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
19. I don't know if he ______tomorrow. If he ________tomorrow, I'll meet him.
A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come
20. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
21. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. 
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
22. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
23. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?
A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend
24. She asked Linda if___ go and get some. 
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 
25. Linda said the moon___ round the earth. 
A. traveled B. has travelled C. travells D. had traveled
26. What did Mike say? He said ________. 
A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was it 
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
27. Tom asked my friend ________________. 
A. that the earth is bigger than the moon B. where was he from 
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
28. Let me tell you ____ 
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost 
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
29. Peter knew _______________. 
A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
30. I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday.
A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone
31. I haven't seen ___________ before.
A. so an interesting film  B. such an interesting film
C. so interesting film D. such interesting a film
32. I _________ that we will visit the farm next week.
A. didn't suppose B. don't suppose C. never supposed D. supposed
33. I don’t think he is right, __________?
A. isn’t he B. is he C. do I D. don’t I
34. He believes she is right, __________?
A. doesn’t he B. does he C. is she D. isn’t she
35. I thought that he disliked playing football, __________?
A. didn’t he B. did he C. did I D. didn’t I
三. 将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句.
(1)These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
(2)Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me ________ light _________ faster than sound.
(3)There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn't know.
Jack didn't know ________ there ________ ______ a meeting in five days.
(4)Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ________ _________ _________ _________ French.
(5)Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me _________ the children _________ _________ games.
(6) “Have you finished your homework yet?” Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _________ _________ _________ ________ ________ homework yet.
(7)How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows 
Who knows _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ _________ in the picture 
(8)Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _______ _______ _______ her car 
(9)What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _______ _______ often ___________ about.
(10)Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don't know.
I don’t know _________ _________ at the door so loudly.
答案：一、1. why 2. who 3. that 4. how 5. how soon 6. when 7. if 8. what
9. why 10. whose
二、1-10 CBBAC ABDAC 11-20 BCCCD DBCAD 21-30 ACCBC DDDBC
31-35 BBBAA
三、1. that, were 2. that travels 3. that, would be 4. if/whether they can speak
5. if/whether, are playing 6. if/whether he had finished his
7. how many people you can see 8. where she parked 9. what he, talked
10. who knocked