表语从句讲解及专项练习.doc

表语从句讲解及专项练习
概念： 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句。
放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。
★ The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
★ That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
★ At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
引导表语从句的词：
从属连词that、whether、as though、 as if（That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。）
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；
关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。
※ 由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
例如：
★ The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
★ The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。
★ The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。
★ What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。
※ 由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。
例如：
★ The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。
★ The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。
★ That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。
★ That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。
※由关系副词引导的表语从句。
关系副词 when, where, how, why 除在句子起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间，地点，方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。
例如：
★Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
★ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。
★ That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。
★ That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。
※ 由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
★ It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
★ That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。
★ It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。
注意
A. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
　Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B. 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether。
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether。
　　False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
　　Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
　　Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
　　Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
　　Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D. that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
基本用法
　　表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
　　名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句
例如：
★The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。 (how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)
★ The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)
★ What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)
★ 　That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
★ That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
表语测试
1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because B. that C. for D. because of
3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where B. there C. there where D. where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get B. what we can get
C. who we can get D. that we can get
5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D.不填
6. The reason is_________ I missed the bus.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
　A. that B. like C. as D. as though
9.—I fell sick!
--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.
A. why B. when C. what D. because
10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.
A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill
C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill
11. —He was born here.
-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what B. where C. that D. why
13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A. What; how are you B. That；how you are
C. How；that you are D. What；how you are
14. The trouble is__________ we are short of tools.
A. what B. that C. how D. why that
15. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. where C. the place D. there where
16. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .
A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being
C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be
17. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that B. That … what
C. What … what D. That … what
18. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.
A. that B. which C. what D. such
19 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A. why B .what C. when D. where
20 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
21. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
22. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
23. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
答案
1~5: DBACC
6~10 :ACDDC
11~15:CBDBA
16~20: AACAB
21~23: DAA