Unit3lifeinthefuturelanguagepoints.doc

7．The air seemed thin，as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.(教材P18)
空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下很少的氧气。
本句是一个由as though引导的方式状语从句构成的复合句。as though/if的含义是“好像；似乎”。如：
The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg.
这个动物走路的样子好像伤了腿似的。
as though/if引导方式状语从句或表语从句时，通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况。如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生，as if/though从句谓语动词用过去时；如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词动作，as if/though从句谓语动词用过去完成时；如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作，as if/though引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时；如果与事实相符合，则用陈述语气。
She treats the orphan as if he were her own son.
她对待这个孤儿就好像对待自己的亲儿子一样。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
She looks as if she were angry.
看她的表情，她好像生气了似的。
【提示】　(1)当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语又包含动词be时，从句主语和谓语中的动词be通常可省去。
(2)当句子的主语与as if从句的主语一致时，as if后跟动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词。
【对接高考】　
(2011·湖南高考)Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.
A．as if B．in case
C．while D．though
【解析】　句意：杰克没说什么，但是老师向他微笑，好像他做了什么明智之举似的。in case以防；while然而；though尽管，以上三项都不符合句意，故选A项。
【答案】　A

完成句子
①They talked about the news (好像他们早就知道了)．
②It looks (好像天要下雨)．
③He stood up as if (要离开)．
【答案】　①as if/though they had known it earlier
②as if it is going to rain　③to leave
2．I still cannot believe that I am taking up my prize that was won last year. 我仍然无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。
take up 有这几个含义：
1）to start to do sth. 开始做（某项工作）；开始从事（工作）；
I have taken up teaching since I graduated from university.
我大学毕业后就从事教学工作。
2）to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受（建议或能得到的东西）
She took up his offer of a drink. 他请她喝一杯，她接受了。
另外还表示“占用空间和时间”
This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了。
The work took up all his time. 那工作花费了他所有的时间。
做一做：
Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day. (广东)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
A
3.I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. 我不得不一直不断地提醒自己已到了公元3008年。
1)remind v.提醒；使想起；常用结构有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb.＋(that)/wh-从句 提醒某人……；使某人想起……； remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到……；提醒某人某事
He reminded the children to wash their hands. 他提醒孩子们去洗手。 This song reminds me of my childhood. 这首歌曲使我想起了我的孩提时代。 The doctor reminds me that I should see her again in two months. 医生提醒我两个月后应该再去看她。
做一做： ①1You _________me ______your father when you say that. 你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。
remind of
②Remind me ________ __________Alan before I go out.
提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。
to phone
知识拓展：reminder n.提醒物；引起回忆的事物
2)constantly adv.始终； 一直；重复不断地
Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。
知识拓展：constant adj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；
4. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. 因为担心旅程，开始的头几天我很不安。
此处 Worried about the journey的作用相当于一个原因状语从句As I was worried about the journey,在句中作状语
5. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. 这种病有些像乘喷气式飞机高速飞行时所引起的时差反应那样，所不同的是，它意味着你的脑海里不停地从以前的时间段一直往回闪去。
1）be similar to 与……相似
be the same as 与……相同
be different from 与……不同
2）you get是定语从句，修饰the “jet lag”, 省略了关系代词which/that(作get的宾语)；when flying是省略句，省略了主语you和谓语动词的一部分were；instead位于句首或句末，作状语，引出与上文不同的内容。
3) jet lag指喷气式飞行时差综合症，即乘飞机跨越时区时，人体的生物钟或昼夜生理节律仍然停留在原时区的状态，从而与新时区不同步。flashback往事；往回闪现。
4) previous adj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的
No previous experience is necessary for this job.
这一工作无需相关的经验。
I couldn't believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day.
听到这个消息时，我不敢相信；我就在前一天还见到过他。
知识拓展：previously adv. 先前的；早先
The building had previously been used as a hotel.
这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。
6. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company. called “Future Tours” ,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule. 他父母的“Future  Tours”公司技能精湛，用时间太空舱安全地把我运送到未来。
1) Well-known for their expertise表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句，表示他父母的“Future  Tours”公司能够把我运送到未来的原因
2) named “Future Tours”是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句that was named “Future Tours”
7. Hit by the lack of fresh air, … 缺乏新鲜空气我感觉受不了。
1) lack 用作名词表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。
a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能
做一做:
①The trip was cancelled through___________________________.
因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
through lack of interest.
②He ____________________________. 他缺乏信心。He lacks confidence.
知识拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足
2） surroundings n.[pl.] 环境；surround v. 围绕；环绕； surrounding adj.周围的；附近的
Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.
人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。
8. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. 很快我又重新振作起来，跟随他领取了一部由电脑控制的气垫车.
1）back on one's feet 经受打击后重新站起来，再次恢复了健康
2）driven by computer在句中作定语,相当于 which was driven by computer；
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句：
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.
外国专家所提出的建议被经理采纳了。
9．These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat.
1）by+ doing 用某种方式或手段, 如, They put out the fire by pouring water on it. 他们泼水扑灭了火； 句中by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly修饰move swiftly,表示使气垫车“迅速地移动”的手段；driving stick中的driving为动名词作定语，表示用途，如：a sleeping car 用来睡觉的车（卧铺车）；one在句中泛指人。
2） bend 弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事；bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服 bend the truth 歪曲事实
It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。
做一做:
①She _____________________and kissed her daughter.
她低下头吻了她的女儿。
bent her head
②The road_________ sharply__________________. 路向右急转弯。
bent …to the right.
3) press v. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促 n. 报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界
做一做:
①She ______ _________hard _____the gas pedal.
她用力踩下油门踏板。 pressed down…on
②He is still _________her claim_______ compensation(赔偿).
他仍坚持索赔。 pressing … for
③______ _________was/were not allowed to attend the trial(审判).
庭审谢绝新闻采访。The press
4）by后接动名词，常作状语，修饰谓语或某个动作，表示其行为的方式或手段。
做一做:
He made his boss pleased________________________________.
他改进了工作老板很高兴 by improving his work
10．However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we …王平不见了。
lose sight of 看不见, 忘记, 失去 其反义词组catch sight of sth/sb 看见某人/物
另外, at first sight 一见就；乍看起来 ； at (the) sight of 一看见就……; out of sight 看不见 ： Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。be in sight 看得见，在眼前 ；
做一做:
1）We___________________ several precious animals. 我们失去了很多的珍惜动物
have lost sight of
2）乍看起来，这个问题好像容易。__________________________________________________.
At first sight, the problem seems easy.
3）小岛仍然可以看的见。_____________________________________.
The small island is still in sight
4）一看见老师男孩就跑掉。 ________________________________________________.
At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.
11．He was swept up into the centre of them .他被卷入到这群车队当中去了，
sweep up打扫，横扫；涌向；快速地抱起
She was left to sweep up after the party.
聚会结束后她被留下来打扫。
做一做:
1) He ________________________into his arms.
他一把将孩子抱进怀里。
swept up the baby
2)In pushing to the train, the children ___________the crowds of people.
A. sweeping up into B. swept up into
C. were swept up D. were swept up into
D
12．Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008.就在那一时刻，我得了时间滞后症，在我脑海里，这个地方又闪回到公元2008年。
1) time lag指乘坐时间太空舱穿梭未来时由于速度极快而产生的“时间滞后症”，与jet lag喷气式飞行时差综合症，即乘飞机跨越时区时人体的生物钟或昼夜生理节律仍然停留在原时区的状态类似。
2) as it had been in the year AD 2005 是方式状语从句,修饰主句I saw the area again ;
as it had been 是由as it be变来的， as it be表示 “按照原状, 照旧, 像…”
The situation is as it was before.形势还是原来那样.
13. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. 王平闪了一下电脑屏幕上的开关，于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像魔术般地从地面升了起来。
1） 本句有两个句子并列，前两者之间用逗号隔开最后两者之间用and连接；
2) 后面的一个分句使用了倒装句，主要是为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，同时也可使前后联系得更加紧密，正常语序是a switch on a computer screen flashed；
3) 此处as if 引导的是一个省略的方式状语从句，其完整句子是as if a table and chairs rose from under the floor by magic
4）switch 用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换，改变”。
She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.。
第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。
Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen.
按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。
I can't work next week, will you switch with me?
下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？
14．Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 由于太累了，我倒在床上马上就睡
着了。
exhausted表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句As I was exhausted；fell fast asleep 酣睡。fast或sound常与fall asleep 搭配表示睡的程度深。
做一做:
1) ______________, the children ___________ __________at once.
由于太累了，孩子们马上就睡着了。
Exhausted , fell asleep
2) 太激动了，这位老人一句话也说不出来。_______________________________________________________.
Too excited, the old man couldn’t say a word

2. Explanation of the grammar.
(1) 和现在分词一样，过去分词或过去分词短语也可以充当副词，修饰谓语动词。
过去分词可以表达下列四种意思：
① 方法或活动方式，如：
He walked up and down, lost in thought
I sat before the desk until after mid-night, absorbed in writing.
Surrounded by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly .
② 原因，如：
Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the place.
Taken by surprise, the enemy surrendered.
③ 时间，如：
Born and bred in a turbulent age, the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.
Thrown to the floor, the boy regained his footing a few minutes later .
④ 条件，如：
Given more time, the slow learners would have done better .
Criticized by someone else, Tony would not have fared up like that.
(2) 除了直接修饰动词之外， 过去分词或短语也可以和连词组成短语，表示下列四种意思：
① 由 when ,whenever , while until等连词引导，表示“时间”，如：
When asked about his previous job, Bill said he had been a motor mechanic.
Susan seldom speaks in class until spoken to.
② 由where , wherever 连词引导，表示“地点”。
Mosquitoes should be completely exterminated where found.
Retires in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed.
③ 由if , unless引导，表示“条件”，如
If kept for too long, some medicines will lose their effectiveness.
We have made a point of not attacking unless attacked.
④ 由 though, although , even though 连词引导，表示“让步”，如：
Though warned of the danger, they still went mountaineering.
Even though defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory.
IV Studying the past participle as the attribute.
(3) 过去分词做定语, 在语态上表被动，在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 过去分词做定语时， 所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。
(4) 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。如：
He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
(5) 也有不及物动词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去动词那样放在名词后面作定语。如：
fallen leaves, retired workers , the risen sun
注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况：
① 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如：
We needed much more qualified workers
My friend is a returned student.
② 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当与一个定语从句。如：
The student dressed in white is my daughter = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
③ 如果被修饰的词是由every /some/any / no+thing /body/one 所构成一个复合代词或指示代词those 等时，即使一个单一的分词做形容词，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
Is there anything unsolved?
There is nothing changed here since I left this town.
④ 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰词前，作前置定语。
This is a state-owned factor.
This is our school –run factory.
⑤ 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如：
原形
用作定语的过去分词
用作表语或谓语的过去分词
drink
drunken
drunk
light
lighted
lit
melt
melten
melted
sink
sunken
sunk
We lit the candle and the candle lit up the room. 我们点着蜡烛，蜡烛照亮房间。
There is a lighted candle on the table. 桌上有一只点着的蜡烛。