高考英语备考：判断名词单复数的5条依据.docx

高考英语备考：判断名词单复数的5条依据
在高考试题中，判断-个名词用单数还是复数，就这么五条依据。
一、根据名词木身的特性
如不可数名词只有单数形式。常见的不可数名词有fun, advice, information, knowledge, work （工作），homework, housework, progress, luggage, baggage, time （时间），furniture, equipment, money 等。如：
1. （全国 I 卷）The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
解析：因air是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故airs错了，应改为air。句中的谓语is getting 是单数，根据主谓一致原那么，我们也可判断主语应是单数。
2. （全国卷）He says if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me.
解析：因time作“时间”解是不可数名词，不可数名词是没有复数的，所以句中的times 应改为time。
二、根据名词前的修饰语
如可数名词前面有 both, all, these, those, one and a half, ten, several, some, few, many, a couple of （几4、），a large number of, a lot of, lots of, each of, one of等时，一定是用复数。
3. （全国III卷）She has turned down several 67_ （invitation） to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
解析：由前面的several可知，要填其复数形式invitationso
4. （全国 I 卷）This trend, which was started by the medical community （医学界） as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62_ （effect） such as overweight and heart disease一the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
解析：根据前面的修饰语some可知，可数名词effect应用复数effects；另外，从such as所举的例子overweight and heart disease （肥胖和心脏疾病）也可看出，不止一种副 作用（side effects）。
5. （全国 I 卷） The nursery team switches him every few 69 （day） with his sister so that
解析：由空前的修饰语few可知，填day的复数形式days。
6. （全国 I 卷）Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65_ （painting）.
解析：根据空格前的修饰语many可知，要填其复数形式paintings。
7. （全国 I 卷）Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
解析：由修饰语all these可知,其后应接复数名词，故将year改为years。
三、根据主谓-致原那么
8. （全国 I［卷）Recent 46 （study） show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
解析：谓语动词为show,根据主谓一致原那么，空格处应填study tl<J复数形式studies。
9. （2014 年全国 I While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 （change）are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
解析：在句中做主语或冠词后应当用名词，change除作动词外也可作名词；其后的谓 语动词是are,根据主谓一致原那么，主语也应是复数，故填change的复数形式changes。
四、根据下文信息
10. （全国 I 卷）The instructor kept repeating the word, "Speed up! "Slow down! m,Turnleft!
解析：根据后面的"Speed up! ”"Slow down! "Turn left! ”这三句话可知，The instructor 不断重复的不是一句而是三句，故将word改为复数wordso
11. （全国 I［卷）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.（省 略 3 句）After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents
were missing.（省略 2 句）Five minutes later, Tony saw his parents.
解析：Tony去睛物中心，是跟他的父亲或母亲去的，还是同他的父母一起去？在远隔 数句后两次出现了 parents,可见，他是同父母一起去的，故将parent改为parents。
五、根据常识
12. （全国 II 卷）In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61
（crowd） on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
解析：根据常识，不同公路上，上下班的人群肯定不是一群人，而是一群一群的人， 无数群的人，故填其复数形式crowdso
13. （全国 I 卷）He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
解析：根据常识，肩有左肩和右肩，因此shoulder通常用复数。