语法填空的特点及解题技巧--讲义---高考英语备考.docx

语法赌的恃点及耀酸K考查内容1 .纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。2.用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词 的比拟等级、词类转换等。纯空格试题的解题技巧：首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词; 或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下技巧：一、句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词、关系代词。例证1Now Irene Asbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop, 在非限制性定语从句中做opened 一词的宾语，故用关系代词which。例证2They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.它们被他们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。 先行词为masters （主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。二、句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介 词而且固定搭配较多。例证1Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, 此处 tracking polar bear populations.做 Modern methods 的定 语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth，意为”的方法，构成固定结构。或者意为“对 于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填。f/for。例证2We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs, seven to be exact. ua pack of意为一群，故填of。例证3I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing, search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。三、假设两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是 填并列连词或附属连词。例证 1 （2019 全国卷 II） I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.根 据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。 此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是而是”之意，故填but。例证2.Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence_61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.根摞句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从 句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填连词that。四、名词前面，假设没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词），很可能是填 限定词，有时也考固定搭配中的限定词。例证1Of _62_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations.此处为特指，意为“在 的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。例证2.we thought it was _69_ joke.根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知，此处joke 为泛指，故填a。五、假设结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不 一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（do, does, did等）。例证“_68_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? 这里助动词 Did 构成疑问和过去时 态。六、假设句子缺状语，就要考虑when , where, whyo假设前面有表示时间的名词，就要填关系副词wheno例证But my . in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter.o 分析句子可 知，些处用when引导定语从句，修饰the mid-1980s,因此要用关系副词when做状语。七、由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。如：由it is. that.强调结构形式，判 断填it还是thato给出了动词的试题的解题技巧：首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考：一、假设句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关 系时，所给动词就是谓语动词;假设是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。例证1In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _65_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。例证2Picking up her Lifetime Achievemenf award, proud Irene _64_ (declare) she had no plans.根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。例证3Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _65_ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, hop, andvist句意：我们的主人跟我们提供了很多他们的经历并推荐 了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是 并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。二、假设句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。假设是非谓 语动词就要确定用-ing形式、-ed形式，还是用不定式形式。例证1Scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating.根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。例证2. she had no plans _62_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.止匕处用 to do sth. 做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“的计划”，故填t。retire。例证3. hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _62_ (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子， wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。词类转换题的解题技巧：根据该词在句子中所做的成分确定用哪种形式。一、修饰名词用形容词词性物主代词。例证On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother.此题考查形容词性物主代词，用抬。二、做主语、或在及物动词或介词后做宾语，用名词形式。例证1This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.句意：这一转变减少了 中国较大的湖 泊和水库的污染，使人伊号的饮用水更加平安。has decreased后跟名词做宾语，故填pollution。例证2Then, . youll feel a real sense of _42_ (achieve) . achievement 做介词宾i吾。三、在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。例证1. leading to a_66_ (believe) that populations are increasing.根据其前不定冠词和 其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。例证2. they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_ (compete) to watch，由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名 词形式。故填competition。四、修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，做状语，用副词形式。例证1It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied.根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语 动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。例证2Her years of hard work have _63_ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名)her to be Cheshirefs Woman Of The Year.根据空格所处位置可知， 此处应用副词形式做状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged,意为“最终得到认可”。 故填 finallyo例证3On our way to the house, it was raining _61_ hard that we couldn*t help wondering. 句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想。so. that.”意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。五、所给词为名词根据需要转化为复数形式。例证.a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_ (cause).考查名词复数。句意：一项研究说明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减 少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。空格处做from的宾语，由前面的all可知，要用名词复数形 式。故填causes。六、做表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。例证1We are so proud of her. Ifs _70_ (wonder).根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后 用形容词形式做表语。故填wonderful。例证2They also shared with us many _67_ (tradition) stories about Hawaii.空格修饰名词stories,应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional。故填traditional。七、括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换;假设 是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比拟级或最高级。例证1. around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉)that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are.根据其后 than they actually are 可知，此处为形容 词的比拟级。故填higher。例证2He screams the _63_ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级 loudesto