高中英语总复习.doc

语法总复习
1. 关系代词、关系副词
关系代词、关系副词
作用
先行词
例句
that, who, whom（只作宾语）
主语、宾语、表语
人
Do you know the girl who/that often comes heres?
Who’s the boy (whom/that) you just referred to ?

that, which

主语、宾语、表语

物、时间、地点、原因
A dictionary is a book that/ which gives the meanings of words.
The school (that/which) we visited yeaterday is a famous one in Shanghai.
I’ll never forget the days (that/which) we spent together.

whose

定语

人
The student whose window is open/, of which the window is open/, the window of which is open, is ours.
Whose或of which the n.或the n. of which
定语
物
The house whose window is open/, of which the window is open/, the window of which is open, is ours
when或in/on/at/during+which
状语
时间
I still remember the day when/ on which you were born.
where或in/at/on/to+which
状语
地点
This is the place where/in which she worked.
why或for which或that或不用
状语
原因
Don’t you know the reason why( for which/that) he was late?

当way（方式；方法）作先行词时，关系副词不用how，而用that或in which,或省略。
This is the way (that/in which) he worked out the problem.
在限制性定语从句中，that常可替代who, whom, which
She’s the girl (who/whom/that) we all like.
关系代词在限制性定语从句中，作宾语时，常可以省略
The train (which/that) he wanted to take had just left for Beijing.

用
that
不
用which
当先行词为all,much, many, little, few, none, something, everything, anything,nothing, one, neither等不定代词时
I mean the one(that) you bought yesterday.
当先行词为数词或序数词、形容词的最高级或the very, the only, the last, the next, all, few等所修饰时
Look at those flowers.
You can see the two (that) you gave me.
It’s the most important task that should be finished soon.
当先行词在句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时
Mary is the girl (that) Tom loved so much.
She’s no longer the girl that she was years ago.
当先行词既有人又有物时
We talked about the school and the teachers (that) we had visited.
用
which
不
用
that
当先行词为that时
What’s that which you saw just now?
当关系代词后面带有插入语时
Here is the English book which, as I told you, will help improve your English.
当关系代词之前有介词时
This is the house in which Premier Zhou worked.
在非限制性定语从句中
The meeting, which was held in our school, was a great success.
关
系
代
词
as
引导限制性定语从句，用于such(…)as, the same(…) as 或as many/much …as等结构中引导非非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句可用于主句前、主句中、主句后（as可改which用）；as在从句中作主语时，若从句为被动结构或系表结构，则不用which；当从句为主谓结构时，用which作从句主语，不用as
Don’t talk about such things as you don’t understand.
Don’t work with such young men as don’t work hard.
Bob saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would.
As we can see, great changes have taken place in China.
He came late again, as was expected.
It was raining hard, which kept us indoors.

当reason作先行词时，后面定语从句的关系副词用why，也可用关系代词that，或不用关系词。
The reason(why/ that) I plan to go is that she will be disappointed if I don’t.

Multiply choice:
1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ___, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. which B. who C. this D. what
2. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town ___ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
3. The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
4. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ___ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from who D. to whom
5. He made another wonderful discovery, ___ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
6. I shall never forget those years __ I lived in the country with the farmers, ___ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
7. ___ is known to all, China will be an __ pwerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.
A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As; advanced D. It; advancing
8. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ___ many people have got home.
A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which
9. Carol said the work would be done by October, ___ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
10. All ___ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
11. Mr Chen will never forget the days __ he spent with his students.
A. which B. on which C. during which D. when
12. Betty told us __ she had done.
A. that B. that all C. all that D. what all
13. The building __ top is flat in our school library.
A. which B. whose C. of which D. its
14. There are forty-eight students in our class, one-third of __ are girls.
A. them B. which C. who D. whom
15. Rose will give you such information __ will help you.
A. as B. that C. it D. which
16. Bob was the only passenger __ was saved in the ancident.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. which
17. Mr. Wang has a good knowledge of English, __ helps him a lot in his work.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
18. Alice is one of the girls __ there before.
A. who has been B. that has been C. who have been D. that have been
19. Who __ know him would believe io him?
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
20. Mr.Huang is the person __ you can ask for help.
A. whom B. whose C. from whom D. with whom
21. Mr Hill has two sons, both __ work in Guangdong.
A. of them B. of which C. of who D. of whom
22. It is the young man __ looked for __ caught the thief.
A. that, they B. they, that C. they, which D. that, who
23. This is the largest clock in the world, __ the minute hand is six metres long.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. where
24. October 1, 1949 is the day __ the Chinese people will never forget, __ the PRC was founded.
A. when, when B. when, which C. when, that D. which, when
25. The reason __ I plan to go is __ she will be disappointed __ I don’t.
A. because, that, if B. whey, that, whether C. that, that, if D. why, because, when
26. There’s not much __ can be done.
A. that B. which C. what D. for which
27. Is this magazine __ you bought from the reading-room yesterday?
A. that B. which C. what D. the one
28. __ she could do was to send for the doctor.
A. All B. All what C. Which D. Everything which
29. __ is known to all that China is a developing country.
A. It B. What c. As D. Which
30. The boy said nothing, __ made her very angry.
A. it B. that C. which D. what
31. There are 107 known elements, __ metals.
A. which are B. most of which are C. most of them are D. most of which is
32. The subject __ I’m most interested is Chiese.
A. that B. which C. in that D. in which
33. I’ll never forget the day __ I joined the Party.
A. which B. that C. in which D. on which
34. I hung the picture on the wall __ can be seen well.
A. which B. where C. where it D. so that
35. The man and his horse __ fell into the river were saved by the police.
A. who B. what C. that D. which
36. I don’t think the number of people __ this happened was large.
A. who B. of which C. whom D. to whom
37. This is the factory __ Mr Black worked five years ago.
A. which B. that C. in that D. where
38. Mr King is a man __.
A. you can depend on B. whom you cand depend
C. on whom you can depend D. on which you can depend
39. This is the girl __ mother we’re just been speaking.
A. who B. of whose C. whose D. of whom
40.She heard a noise, __ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. that D. what
41. I don’t like __ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
42. Football, __ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
A. that B. which C. it D. who
43. This is the best book __ I’ve ever bought.
A. with which B. that C. which D. when
44. Can you tell me the name of the factory __ you visited last week?
A. what B. where C. / D. when
45. I’m visiting the school __ my mother taught physics ten years ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
46. Ten years ago, my mother taught physics in the school __ I’m visiting.
A. where B. that C. what D. why
47. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of __ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
48. Some of the boys whom __ didn’t come.
A. I invited them B. I invited C. I invite them D. I invite
49. The day will come __ the people all over the world will win liberation.
A. that B. where C. how D.when
50. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town __ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
1. The English play ___ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
2. George Orwell, ___ was Eric Arthur, worte many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
3. Anyway, that evening, ___ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
4. ___ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
5. Can you think out a situation ___ this idiom can be used?
A. which B. that C. where D. with which
6. There is a mountain ___ the top is always covered with snow.
A. of that B. of which C., whose D. that
7. He is the man of rich experience, ___ much can be learned.
A. who B.it C. from whom D. from which
8. ___ is known to everbody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
9.I shall never forget the day ___ Shenzhou V was launched, ___ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that
10. The stories about this secret person, ___ this is one example, are widely spread among people.
A. about which B. of which C. which D. from which
11. I hope that the little ___ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
12. I’ll show you a store ___ you may buy all ___ you need.
A. in which; that B. where; which C. which; that D. that; that
13. It was in the lab ___ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang ___ they did the experiment.
A. where; that B. which; which C. that; where D. which; that
14. He arrived in New York, ___, some time later, he became a writer.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
15.It was a newspaper of a new type, ___ had never before existed in the history of the lab.
A. what B. such as C. that D. it
16. There is no such place ___ you dream of in all this world.
A. that B. what C. which D. as
17. I shall never forget those days ___ I lived in the army with the soldiers, ___ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. when; that D. which; that
18. She was very kind towards the children, ___ her husband seldom was.
A. that B. which C. who D. and
19. Mrs Black took the police back to ___ place ___ she witnessed the robbery.
A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same; that D. as the same; as
20. Let’s put off the picnic until next week, ___ the weather may be better.
A. as B. then C. if D. when
21. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ___ earned by his own labor.
A. what B. that C. such D. the one
22. Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations ___ English is used. A. when B. that C. how D. where
23. The reason ___ she gives for not coming to the party is that her mother won’t let her.
A. what B. why C. as D. which
24. The artist ___ the Judge gave a prize is the teacher ___ I have been taught painting for two years.
A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; who C. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom

Name: ______________ Date: ____________________
第三讲 倒装
1．完全倒装
（1）用于there be 句型
例如：There are many students in the classroom.
（2）用于 here, there, now, then等开头的句子中或以out, in, up, down, away等副词开头的句子中，若表示强调，且句子的主语是名词时，则句子要用完全倒装语序。
例如：There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn.
Out went the students.
(但代伺作主语时不倒装)
例如：Here he comes. Here it is.
（3）当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，要全部倒装。
South of the city lies a big still factory.
（4）为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语可倒装。
例如：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.
（5）以as 引导的让步状语从句，其表语就提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。
Eg. Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
2.部分倒装
（1）用于疑问句和省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。
例如：Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.
Were I you, I would do the work better.
(2)用于no sooner…than…, hardly…when…,neither …nor… 和 not until…句型中。
Not until the teacher came ，did he finish his homework.
No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.
Neither did I know this nor did I want to.
注意：not until…句型中前面的从句不倒装，全面的主句采用部分倒装。
(3)否定意义的副词never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
例如：Never shall I do this again.
Little did he know who the woman was.
Not once have I heard of this.
(4)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
例如：May you succeed!
(5)以only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句作状语位于句首时，采用部分倒装。
Eg. Only in this way can we solve the problem.
Only when the war ended was he able to return home.
Only his brohter was right.
注意：only 不修饰上述结构时，不采用倒装结构。
(6) So+形容词/副词…that…句型中如果“So+形容词/副词”提到句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装。
Eg. So interested was he in the program that he didn’t notice his mother come in.
Exercises to the Inversion
1.—I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
--- ____.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
2. ___ when he saw the UFO that he couldn’t move a little.
A. He was frightened enough B. He was too frightened
C. So frightened he was D. So frightened was he
3. So seriously ____ in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.
A. he was wounded B. was he hurt C. he did injure D. did he hurt
4. She never laughed, ___ lose her temper.
A. or she ever did B. or did she ever C. nor did she ever D. nor she ever did
5. ___, he knows to care for and love others.
A. Although he is a child B. Child as he is C. A child as he is D. As he is a child
6. No sooner ___ home than it began to rain.
A. got he B. did he get C. had he got D. he had got
7. ___ actor, I would always act a detective.
A. If I am an B. Were I an C. Were I D. If I were
8. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ___ so happy!
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
9. No sooner ___ the animal ___ than it was hibernating.
A. had; moved B. did; move C. does; move D. has moved
10. I failed in the final exam last term and only then ___ the importance of studies.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
11. --- David has made great progress recently.