1、第4期2023年8月Vol.21 No.4August 2023雷达科学与技术Radar Science and TechnologyDOI:10.3969/j.issn.16722337.2023.04.007基于差分模型的近场无源定位算法赵研1,陶海红1,畅鑫2,董春曦2,赵国庆2(1.西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理全国重点实验室,陕西西安 710071;2.西安电子科技大学电子工程学院,陕西西安 710071)摘要:对于均匀线性天线阵列近场目标定位研究是探测领域重要难点之一。本文根据前期近场基于差分迭代传播计算模型研究基础,提出一种新型高精度近场无源定位算法,针对均匀线性阵列近场目标空间几
2、何结构,突破传统菲涅尔近似近场传播模型的束缚,建立全新高精度目标关系模型并形成定位解析表达式,通过阵列处理估计改进到达时差(TOA)定位观测量,利用新算法快速准确地获取近场多个独立同分布目标的定位信息。仿真实验结果表明:新算法机理不同于传统近场估计分析,特别是定位解析式的引入使得位置精度提升的同时计算量大为降低,更好地适应了近场非线性关系结构,性能分析显示TOA误差对定位估计精度的影响较为有限,在典型信噪比条件下新算法的距离和角度估计精度优于几种常规处理算法,未来具有深入研究的价值。关键词:近场;菲涅尔近似;无源定位;到达时间差;差分模型中图分类号:TN911.72;TN958.97文献标志码
3、:A文章编号:16722337(2023)04040506A NearField Passive Localization Algorithm Based on Difference ModelZHAO Yan1,TAO Haihong1,CHANG Xin2,DONG Chunxi2,ZHAO Guoqing2(1.National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing,Xidian University,Xi an 710071,China;2.School of Electronic Engineering,Xidian University
4、,Xi an 710071,China)Abstract:The study of nearfield target localization in a uniform linear antenna array(ULA)is one of the mostdifficult problems in electromagnetic detection.Based on the nearfield differential iteration model from the previouswork,a novel highprecision nearfield passive localizati
5、on algorithm is proposed in the paper.Breaking the bondage oftraditional Fresnel approximation of the nearfield transmission model,for a nearfield target space geometry of the uniform linear array,a novel high precision target relational model and positioning analytical expression is derived.WithTOA
6、 positioning observations estimated by array signal processing,the positioning information of multiple targets,whichare independent and identically distributed,in the near field are obtained quickly and accurately by the novel positioning algorithm.The simulation results show that the mechanism of t
7、he novel algorithm is different from the traditional nearfield position analysis.In particular,the introduction of the positioning analytical formula greatly reduces the calculationcomplexity while improving the position accuracy,and better adapts to the structure of the nearfield nonlinear relation
8、ship.Performance curves show that TOA error has a limited impact on the accuracy of location estimation.Under typicalSNR conditions,the distance and angle estimation accuracy of the novel algorithm is better than several conventionalprocessing algorithms,which has potential value for further researc
9、h in the future.Key words:nearfield;Fresnel approximation;passive location;time difference of arrival(TDOA);differencemodel0引言辐射源定位是目标探测领域的重要应用,在雷达、地震、声学、海洋和声呐等专业有着广泛的需求。无源定位问题按照阵列孔径、目标距离和工作波长的关系可以分为两分支,(a)典型天线阵列远场条件(r 2D2/)和(b)天线阵列近场条件,其中r是目标到天线阵列的距离,D是阵列孔径,是目标信号的波长。在远场条件下,波达方向(DOA)是分析天线阵列平行波前1信号传播
10、过程,经过多年研究目前已经取得了长足发展和大量成果。当满足近场条件(r 0.62D3)或者满足菲涅尔区条件(0.62D3 r()C.Rnm81624324010-810-610-410310-221.50-8-0.511.5-.5-1-1-1,5-2-2.5-3-3.5-3.5-3-2.5-2-1,5-4-4.5-5-5.5-70图2所提算法与TSECL2rd定位误差对比图408赵研:基于差分模型的近场无源定位算法2023 年第 4 期3对所提算法仿真和性质分析针对均匀线阵的近场区域范围内目标定位性质进行仿真分析,对比分析实验:1)针对近场阵列的子阵远场分解及多个参数回归分析估计算法11;2)
11、基于菲涅尔近似建立的定位方程二阶条件求解3,参见式(16);3)基于高阶累计量的阵列统计估计定位方法5;4)文献 12 提出基于二次差分迭代计算定位方程新算法,参见式(14);5)本文所提出基于三次差分迭代计算定位方程新算法,由于其目标定位参数闭式解结构较为复杂,具体参见附录。设定算法仿真近场目标区域范围为0.62D3 r AK!DEK0 E09D0PK2F0 E0!dBA%图4各种算法测角误差随信噪比变化性能图通过对于近场目标距离和角度的综合测量评估,5种典型方法的定位误差对比如图5所示。-20-100102030,AK!DEK0PK2F09D0 E0 E0101100!dBA%图5各种算法
12、定位误差随信噪比变化性能图由图5可知,5种近场定位方法整体定位误差随信噪比提升而改善。而其中新提出的三次迭代估计误差与高阶累积量估计方法的定位指标最好,均在1%左右,且两者误差值十分接近,且在负信噪比条件下性能较差,并随着信噪比提升误差快速减小;新提出二次迭代方法的误差估计性能弱于前两种算法,但在高信噪比条件时,性能要优于远场子阵估计和菲涅尔近似定位方法;而这两409雷达科学与技术第 21 卷 第 4 期种定位算法在低信噪比条件性能相对稳定,误差恶化程度减小。4结束语本文所提算法具有3个优点:1)具备代数差分迭代结构形式,可以实现近似精度更高的闭式解析定位解表达式,其三次迭代解结构是同阶次菲涅
13、尔近似难以推导得到的高精度解;2)通过高精度逼近的传播模型迭代推导得到的近场定位算法,可以得到正信噪比条件下和高阶累积量定位算法误差基本相同的定位结果能力;3)在相同阵列近场正信噪比工作条件下,新三次迭代算法与高阶累计量定位误差性能较好,相比其他方法定位性能改善 0.3%3%,而本方法是代数计算与结果统计,相比于最优化分析和最佳点估计过程,其计算分析过程与数值计算量大为降低,处理复杂度和时间代价更低。本文所提算法优势和特征较为突出,对于近场DOA问题的解决提供新思路。参考文献:1KRIM H,VIBERG M.Two Decades of Array Signal Processing Res
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27、王佳慧女,1999年生,江苏徐州人,南京航空航天大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为车载毫米波雷达信号处理。刘衍琦男,1997年生,湖南岳阳人,南京航空航天大学博士研究生,主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像技术。王纪平男,1999年生,浙江杭州人,南京航空航天大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像技术。金秋男,1998年生,江苏镇江人,南京航空航天大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为高空高速平台雷达成像。毛新华男,1979 年生,湖南涟源人,博士,教授、博士生导师,主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像技术。陶海红女,1976年生,陕西宝鸡人,西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理全国重点实验室教授,主要研究方向为雷达信号处理、先进阵列处理、网络化雷达系统。畅鑫男,1990年生,河北石家庄人,西安电子科技大学博士研究生,主要研究方向为雷达信号对抗分析、电磁信号安全研究、多智能体强化学习。(上接第410页)419