雅思小作文各图写作技巧省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,小作文各图写作技巧,第1页,派图介绍,单派,双派,多派,第2页,2,派图写作技巧,图中找类别,按类分段,第3页,3,派图重难点,怎样准确把握图中信息,怎样正确转述图中信息,怎样灵活利用词汇、短语、句型，防止用词单一、句式表示雷同,怎样精炼语言，防止赘述、烦琐，防止给评卷人套模板印象,第4页,4,2.13 派图词汇基础之占据,Represent,Occupy,Stand for,Account for,第5页,5,2.16 派图惯用句型,“占”：,account for,hold,make up,take up,constitute,comprise,represent.,百分比,：,percentage，proportion,share.,“约”：,the majority of,most of,a considerable number of,a minority of,just over,slightly more than/less than,nearly half,确切数字,(1)分数与百分比转化：one third,two fifths,(2)常见表示：a quarter,a half.,第6页,6,Eg1:整体+局部,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A.,Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given in the pie charts below.,第7页,7,第8页,8,P1,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A.,The two graphs describe the data of the energy use and the residential energy use in detail in the United States.,第9页,9,P2,It can be seen from,the first pie chart that the energy is used for four purposes.,Specifically,industry,accounts for,the largest proportion(41%)of the used energy,while,demand of transportation,makes up,26%of the total need of energy.Residential and commercial,represent,19%and 14%,respectively.,第10页,10,P3,According to the second pie chart,it clearly shows,that heating and air conditioning account for the largest proportion(62%)in the residential energy use while the small appliances makes up,the least,proportion(10%).The heating water and miscellaneous (including cooking),constitutes,15%and 13%,respectively,.,第11页,11,P4,From the chart,we may,have a basic understanding of the situation,of energy use in the United States.,第12页,12,线图审图技巧,趋势描述,速度描述,极点交点起点重点描述,线图写作技巧,趋势描述多样化,线图解析,第13页,13,线图重难点,交点难掌控,图内对比看不出,第14页,14,线图惯用句型,先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳,对峰值和低谷描述,趋势相同描述,对未来表述,对波动描述,第15页,15,先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳,1.,According to the data,the years,from to,saw/witness a rise/climb/drop,in the,number/rate/percentage/proportion of 对象,from 数据 to 数据，,which was followed by a,rapid decrease/reduce/increase,over the.years,第16页,16,2.The number/rate,dropped/went up again,fromin XXX year toin XXX year and then,went up/climbed gradually,until XXX,year,when,there was a leveling off/leveling out,at 数据 for 一段时间,第17页,17,1.Also it can be noticed that in XXX,year,the number/percentage,reached the,bottom.,However/on the contrary,XXX year,saw the peak,during this period.,2.时间点，when the number/percentage,reached(amounted to)to a peak of,/a,high point at,3.时间点,when the number/percentage,bottomed out(at),对峰值和低谷描述,第18页,18,The proportion/number of 对象 in the xx and,xx,are similar and follow the same trend.,In XX,the figures were xx%and xx%respectively,rising to xx%and xx%respectively in XXX,after dipping to xx%and xx%respectively in XXX.Thereafter.,趋势相同描述,第19页,19,对未来表述,is projected to as to,is expected to as for,is forecasted to,is estimated to,第20页,20,对波动描述,as can be seen from the graph,the two curves,show the fluctuation of,fluctuated dramatically,between xx%and xx%during period.,第21页,21,柱图审图技巧,关键是,“比较”&“对比”,找出similarity&difference,既要横向总结全部柱状图共性特征，又要分别描写,各个柱形个性特征,第22页,22,柱图写作技巧,单柱,假如是以时间为横轴话，就写一下趋势,假如是以组为横轴，则直接写。,多柱,假如数据比较多，就取几个最大或者最小就行，也就是说在比较过程中想要拿到想要结果就要找对比鲜明那一对。把对比最鲜明几个柱子描述清楚，其它能够一带而过。,第23页,23,柱形图惯用句型,The bar chart illustrates that.,According to the bar chart,.,From the bar chart,we can see clearly that.,It is clear/apparent from the chart that.,The bar chart depicts 描述(that).,the bar chart leads us to the conclusion结论 that.,第24页,24,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and.,第25页,25,P1,The graph below shows,the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work,in one European city in 1960,1980 and.,题目,The,bar,graph shows the,changing patterns,in commuting by train,car,tube or bus for commuters,in one European city in the years 1960,1980 and.,第26页,26,P2,The number of people using trains at first,rose,from,just,under 20%,in,1960,to about 26%,in,1980,but then,fell back,to about 23%in,.,第27页,27,P3,Use of the tube was,relatively stable,falling,from around 27%,of commuters in,1960,to 22%,in,1980,but,climbing back to,reach 25%,by,.,第28页,28,P4,On the other hand,the use of cars,increased steadily,from just over 5%,in,1960,to 23%,in 1980,reaching almost 40%,by,whereas,the popularity of buses has,declined,since,1960,falling,f,rom just under 35%,in,1960,to 27%,in 1980,and,only 15%,in,.,第29页,29,P5,The graph indicates,the growing use,of cars for commuting to work between 1960-,and the,continued decline,in,the popularity,of buses from being t,he most popular,mode of transport in 1960 to,the least popular,in.,第30页,30,表格图审图技巧,1.有时间原因表格：,按照时间次序，转化为更为明了线图,2.有地域原因表格：,注意横向比较，并依据数值大小对数据进行分类，再抽取较大或较小经典值进行说明,3.包含其它原因表格：,分别观察各标准在图表中展现特征，然后分别说明,第31页,31,表格图写作技巧,1.快速浏览题目中文字信息，重点关注研究对象、数据类型和时间，明确在主体段写作中要注意数据类型改变和时态一致问题,2.看题目中表格图形，看图形时也要先看文字说明，包含标题、标注和单位，弄懂数据所代表信息，而非数据本身筛选信息，圈定关键数据整理写作次序,第32页,32,表格图重难点,1.数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很显著特征,2.怎样用适当次序、结构和衔接方式把表格中表达特征条理清楚地传达出来,3.写时候怎样不遗漏信息,第33页,33,第34页,34,P1,The table demonstrates the data,regarding,the subway system in six cities,including,date opened,kilometers of route,and,passengers per year(in millions),第35页,35,P2,In terms of date opened,London,has the,most time-honored,(1863)subway system among the six cities while subway system in,Los Angeles,is,the newest one,opened in.（,最老，最新,）,Systems in Paris and Tokyo are opened in 1900 and 1927,respectively,.,时间次序,After that,systems in Washington DC and Kyoto are opened in 1976 and 1981,differently.,第36页,36,As for the size of the railway system,London still,ranks the first,meaning it has,the longes,t subway system(384 kilometers)among the six cities,which is,roughly twice as large as,the system in Paris.（,最长,）By contrast,subway system in Kyoto is,shorter,(11 kilometers),than the others,even though it opened in relatively recent year.（,最短,）,The kilometers of route in Tokyo,Washington DC and Los Angeles are 155,126 and 28,differently.,第37页,37,The third part,is passengers,per year in millions,.,More exactly,the,top three,are Tokyo(1927),Paris(1191)and London(775).,Underground railway system in Washington DCs has 144 millions passengers per year.,Systems in Los Angeless and Kyotos carry,fewer,passengers per year(50 and 45,respectively),.,第38页,38,Thus,it can be clearly seen from,the table that the subway systems in Tokyo and Paris serves for,more passengers,whereas,the systems in Los Angeles and Kyoto carry,fewer passengers,mainly because of,the short route.,第39页,39,对于不一样时间同一事物比较,先相减/相加，后分组,哪些是增加，哪些是降低,幅度大与幅度小分组,第40页,40,The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and.剑6 P52,第41页,41,增加,Car,Long distance bus,Train,Taxi,幅度大 Car,+1607,降低,Walking,Bicycle,Local bus,幅度大 Local bus,-155,第42页,42,P1,The table demonstrates how,different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to.,In general,the modes,are classified into two kinds,in terms of,average miles travelled per person per year:one enjoyed rising,popularity,while the other,decreasing,.,第43页,43,P2,The travel modes which,gained popularity,in the period included,cars,long distance buses,trains,taxis and others.,Cars,remained top,among the modes in the 15 years,with its average miles,increasing considerably,from 3,199,in 1985,to 4,806,in.,Long distance buses and taxis,seemed to be warmly welcomed,by travelers,so average miles travelled in the two modes,almost tripled,第44页,44,P3,Travels by walking,bicycles and local buses,lost travelers favor,in the one and a half decade.Average travelling distance by local buses,suffered the biggest decrease,dropping,from 429 to 274,while the number of miles by walking and bikes,fell mildly,from 255 to 237,and,from 51 to 41,respectively.,第45页,45,P4,Overall,the number of miles travelled by the average per person,rose,from 4,740 miles,in 1985,to 6,475 miles,in,with the increase of cars,accounting for,almost all of that increase.,第46页,46,流程图审图技巧,流程图本质其实就是要求考生将图中出现文字信息用连贯语言串起来，不需要过多地发挥。,第47页,47,流程图写作技巧,1.时态相对单一，主要用普通现在时,2.经常使用被动语态，显得比较客观和正式,3.找出流程图始末点，并划分中间步骤或阶段,4.掌握表示“次序”连接词(Sequencing Words)，用来说明过程各个步骤和先后次序,5.对于题目里出现专业词汇或生词，不认识也没关系，只需照抄即可,第48页,48,流程图重难点,1.语言组织,2.逻辑次序,3.是否如实反应图中信息,第49页,49,流程图惯用单词,过程：,process、procedure,阶段/步骤：,stage、step,连接词：,1.第一步：,at first、to begin with、in the first stage,2.下一步：,then、next、the second stage,3.最终：,finally、lastly、the final stage,4.平行步骤：,meanwhile、at the same time,第50页,50,流程图惯用句型,The following diagraph,shows the structure,of,The picture,illustrates,It mainly,consists of,It,works as follows:,It usually,involves following steps,:,The whole procedure,can be divided intostages,.,第51页,51,First,Stages,The process,starts from,The process,begins with.,In terms of.,the first stage is that.,At the,beginning of the cycle,The beginning of the whole cycle,is marked by,第52页,52,Stages,At this point;then;in the next step;after that;afterwards,The second stage is,The next step in the process is,第53页,53,End,Stages,In the final stage,The final procedure/step of this process is,This marks the end of the process and the beginning of a new one,is the last step in the procedure.,第54页,54,Lasting time,The stage,lasts for,30 minutes until,After a period of,30 minutes,It,takes,10 days for X to,After a period of,Before,it takes 30 minutes to,30 minutes,have to be spent,on this process before,第55页,55,剑6P75,第56页,56,第57页,57,P1,The first diagram shows that,there are four main stages,in the life of the silk worm.,First of all,eggs are produced by the moth and,it takes,ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves.,This stage lasts for,up to six weeks,until,the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.,After a period of,about three weeks,the adult moths,eventually,emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.,第58页,58,P2,The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth.,Once,selected,they are,boiled,in water and the threads can be separated in the,unwinding,stage.,Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long,which means they can be,twisted,together,dyed,and then used to produce cloth in the,weaving,stage,第59页,59,P3,Overall,the diagrams show that the,cocoon,stage of the,silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth,through a very simple process.,第60页,60,The map indicate the recycling process of glass bottles,第61页,61,P1,This diagram illustrates,the recycling,process of,glass bottles.,The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into,three,main stages,.,第62页,62,P2,In the first stage,used bottles are collected,at a recycling point,and transported by a truck.,The second stage,starts in a cleaning plant,where these recycled bottles are sorted by color into green,brown and clear ones and washed by high-pressurised water.,When the cleaning is,done,the bottles are conveyed to a glass factory where they are cut into glass pieces which are then poured into a furnace.30,第63页,63,P3,After being heated in the furnace,the broken glasses are melted into liquid,which flows into a glass mold.,In the final stage,new,empty bottles are filled with liquid,then packed and despatched to the supermarket and picked by consumers.,At this point,a cycle has been completed and a new cycle will begin.,第64页,64,地图审图技巧,注意结合地图中表达细节信息，进行相互比较与对比，并表达对比结果。,第65页,65,地图写作技巧,注意“改变”,（1）图形原有事物改变,（2）图形新添事物,第66页,66,地图重难点,1.,时态：,通常为普通过去时,2.,细节改变：,地图每个细节改变都要提到，不能忽略,3.,语态：,通常为被动语态,4.,书写次序：,时间次序&空间次序,第67页,67,地图惯用单词,方位：,in the east/west/south/north of ;in the eastern/western/southern northern part of,建设：,build,construct（普通建筑物），erect竖立（高大建筑物），,establish/set up（无建筑物体或抽象机构），pave（道路修建）,第68页,68,地图惯用句型,It is,obvious,/,notable,/,noticeable,that.,It is,easy to locate/to find,that,It can be seen from the graph that,A is,located/situated/sited in/on/to,the east of B.,A is,in center/middle/central area of,B,A is,near/next to/close to/adjacent,to B.,A is,on the opposite side,of B.,第69页,69,Location,A lies,Shanghai lies,in,the east of China,Japan lies,to,the east of China,Mongolia lies,on,the north side of China,A is located,A is next to/near/close to B,A is at the east/west/north/south of B,A is right across from B,The road runs from to,第70页,70,Draw by yourself,The playground is,roughly in the middle of,the residential zone.,The bank is in the,Northwest corner,of the residential zone.,Houses are at the,bottom of,the residential zone.,The motorcyclist is,outside,the residential zone.,The barbers is,opposite to,the bank,The supermarket is,halfway between,the bank and the barbers.,The supermarket is directly,opposite to,the stop.,A local bus is to,the right of,the station,第71页,71,剑5P75,The map below is of the town of Garlsdon.A new supermarket(S)is planned for the town.The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.,选址型,第72页,72,northwest,countryside,Fewer customer,Low rent,Train,bus,centre,downtown,CBD,residential,industry,shoppers,rent,traffic,Satellite cities,第73页,73,P1,The map shows two,proposed,locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon,第74页,74,P2,The first,potential,location(S1)is outside the town itself,and is locatedd,just off,the main road to the town of Hindon,lying,12 kms to the north-west.,This site is in the countryside and so it would be able to,accommodate a lot of car parking,which,makes it,accessible to,shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car.,第75页,75,P2,As it is also,close to,the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon(25 km to the south-east),a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.,Generally speaking,the rent is relatively lower in countryside,so it will save some expending.,第76页,76,P3,In contrast,the,suggested,location,S2,is,right,in the town centre,which would be good for local residents.,Theorically,the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns,but as the central area is a no-traffic zone,cars would be,unable to park,and access would be difficult.,第77页,77,P4,Overall,neither site is appropriate for all the towns,but the out-of-town site(S1)would probably offer more advantages and more reasonable.,第78页,78,Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century.The map below shows the development of the village.,Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village.,发展型,第79页,79,第80页,80,第81页,81,第82页,82,第83页,83,第84页,84,P1,The map shows,the changes and development of Chorleywood village in Great Britain over a period of 126 years from 1868 to 1994.,第85页,85,P2,Chronologically,按年代次序排列 during the first 15 years from 1868 to 1883,Chorleywood was merely a very small village with one main road to its west.,第86页,86,P2,From 1883 to 1922,we see that the village,expanded,to south,almost,tripled,the,original scale,.,Besides,a railway line was built across the new area from west to east and there,emerged,the Chorleywood Station.,第87页,87,P3,During 1922-1970,Chorleywood,extended,both eastward and we