雅思-小作文-六大类型省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,怎样讲好雅思小作文故事,第1页,line graph,line graph,第2页,小作文其实很好写，不过写好总是不轻易。其实道理很简单，是因为我们用汉语描述小作文图形特征还不是很专业，更不熟练。所以请先整理好汉语作文之后，再应用我们学过表示写小作文。效果一定会不一样。,第3页,第4页,基本规则：,1,文本采取过去时,2,切勿将数据写错,第5页,正文内容：,1,抓住图表内轴线趋向,2,对轴线进行比较说明,3,尽可能含有强烈可比性,第6页,关键惯用词汇：,1,同义转换,2,选择重点,3,搭配速度与程度表示,第7页,第8页,The line graph compares average yearly spending by Americans on mobile and landline phone services from to.,概括线图内容,It is clear that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10-year period,while mobile phone expenditure rose quickly.The year marks the point at which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for residential phone services.,总述一条线总体趋势，和另一条行程对比,第9页,In,US consumers spent an average of nearly$700 on residential phone services,compared to only around$200 on cell phone services.Over the following five years,average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly$200.By contrast,expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately$300.,自,年开始，描述,cell phone,每一段改变趋势。,In the year,the average American paid out the same amount of money on both types of phone service,spending just over$500 on each.By,expenditure on mobile phones had reached around$750,while the figure for spending on residential services had fallen to just over half this amount.,对比手机服务，写出手机服务特征。对另一条线进行系统描述。,第10页,在运动范围中存在着以下,8,种运动趋向：,1.,保持平稳：我们能够使用套用结构有：,stay stable/remain steady.,举例：表示人口数量保持平稳时候能够写：,The number of population stayed stable./The number of population remained steady.,第11页,2.,上升,/,增加：我们能够使用套用结构有：,rise/climb/increase/ascend/mount/aggrandize,举例：人口上升：,The number of population increased/ascended/mounted,第12页,3.,下降,/,降低：我们能够使用套用结构有：,fall/drop/decrease/descend/decline,举例：人口降低：,The number of population decreased/declined.,第13页,程度只有两种，迟缓和陡然。,迟缓,/,轻微：,gradually/smoothly/steadily/slightly,陡然,/,大幅度：,dramatically/sharply/considerably/appreciably/,第14页,举例：,1.,人口大幅度攀升：,number of population mounted dramatically.,2.,人口轻微下降：,number of population decreased slightly.,3.,人口逐步下降：,number of population decreased gradually.,第15页,4.,下降后保持平稳：使用结构是,bottom out.,举例：人口下降后保持平稳：,The number of population decreased and bottomed out.,第16页,5.,上升后保持平稳：使用,level off.,举例：人口上升后保持平稳：,number of population mounted and leveled off.,第17页,6.,复苏：前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，这两条线段连接点就叫复苏。英语中表示为,recover,举例：人口下降后复苏：,number of population decreased and recovered.,第18页,7.,波动：英语中叫,fluctuate.,举例：人口波动：,number of population fluctuated,第19页,8.,抵达顶峰：,peak/reach its summit/reach its zenith,举例：人口抵达了顶峰：,number of population peaked/reached its summit/reached its zenith.,第20页,怎样将线段组与数据进行连接,?,注意以下介词使用,.,第21页,一,.remain steady/stay stable/level off/bottom out/peak/reach its peak/reach its zenith,后面需要使用是,at,。,举例：,1.,人口在,500,万上保持平稳：,number of population remained steady at 5 million.,2.,人口在,800,万时抵达了顶峰：,number of population peaked at 8 million.,3.,下降后，人口在,400,万保持平稳：,after decreasing,number of population bottomed out at 4 million.,4.,上升后，人口在,700,万保持平稳：,after mounting,number of population leveled off at 7 million.,第22页,二,.,上升,/,下降后面使用,to(,到,),和,by(,了,),举例：,1.,人口下降到,200,万：,number of population decreased to 2 million.,2.,人口下降了,200,万：,number of population decreased by 2 million.,3.,人口上升到,1000,万：,number of population increased to 10 million.,4.,人口上升了,500,万：,number of population increased by 5 million.,第23页,三,.recover,后面大家需要使用是,from,举例：人口在,200,万时开始复苏：,number of population recovered from 2 million.,第24页,四,.fluctuate,后面大家需要连接,between.and.,举例：人口在,2,和,100,亿之间波动：,number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion.,第25页,惯用小作文趋势句式表示,句式一：改变主体,/,图画中主体,+,趋势动词,+,副词,+,时间区间,Eg:The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1940-.,The number of aged people over 65 dropped slightly from 1960-1980.,The number of aged people over 65 fluctuated between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.,The number of aged people over 65 remained stable from 1930-1940.,第26页,There be+,形容词,+,表示趋势名词,+in+,改变主体,+,时间区间,Eg:There was an significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1940-.,There was a slight decline in the number of aged people over 65 from 1960-1980.,There was a fluctuation between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.,第27页,Bar chart,第28页,第29页,这幅图两个显著信息点，即对于这六个国家来说，,1995,年雇佣率总是低于,年雇佣率，女性受雇佣率也总是低于男性对应数据。接下来，还有什么信息点需要进行阐述呢,?,很显著，在本图中，除了年份和性别外，国家也是一个很主要组成部分。可是该怎样描述国家间对比关系呢,?,假如以国家雇佣率高低来进行描述，会显得信息冗杂且重复。,那让我们换个角度来想，假如以一个国家内部数据特点作为分类标准，看看国家内同年份男性和女性雇佣率差距，不难发觉,Australia,Iceland,和,New Zealand,同年份男女雇佣率差距很显著，而在,Switzerland,UK,和,USA,二者差距就比较小。就此，这道题第三个主要信息点就能够被归纳出来了。,第30页,比较词汇：,1 more/fewer/less+noun+than,2 adj.of one syllable:-er+than,3 more/less adj.of two or more syllables+than,最值：,the most/least+adj.of two or more syllables,adj.of one syllable+-est,相同：,as+adj.+as,第31页,Pie,第32页,基本规则：,1,文法必须是过去式,2,百分比百分比不一样,3,仔细了解图表特殊性和主题,第33页,引题：,1,介绍图表概况,2,将扇形图全部归类申明,3,给出一个图表最突出地方,第34页,正文：,1,抓住图表内百分比,2,对二者进行比较,3,客观展现差异性,第35页,饼形图与柱形图或者是线形图所截然不一样是它没有了横轴与纵轴，而以饼形分割来表示百分比，但我们仍能够依照三步审题分析法来进行观察：,Step 1:,观察共有几张饼图，以及它们之间关系是什么,(,普通说来，雅思图表题中极少见到单饼图,);,Step 2:,观察每张饼图中有哪几个区域，以及各个区域分别代表什么,;,Step 3:,观察单个饼图中各区域间百分比差异，以及相同区域在各个饼图间百分比比较或发展。,第36页,因为饼图主要以百分比说明和数字列举为主，我们需要在考前准备好以下素材：,动词“占”表示：,account for,hold,make up,take up,constitute,comprise,represent,百分比表示,percentage,，,proportion,amount,quantity,第37页,约数表示,the majority of,most of,a considerable number of,a minority of,just over,slightly more than/less than,nearly half,等,确切数字表示,分数与百分比转化：,one third,two fifths,，,one tenth,常见表示：,a quarter,a half,第38页,1 nearly half,2 the vast majority,3 a small minority,4 three quarters,5 just under a third,6 roughly one in four,A 85%,B 75%,C 46%,D 31%,E 24%,F 15%,第39页,约数近似词汇,approximately,slightly,nearly,almost,just over,just under,第40页,句式,要灵活利用以上词汇结合一定句子，变换表示方式。,例：亚洲人口占世界百分比近,50%,。,Asia accounts for almost a half of world population.,Nearly 50%of people in the world come from Asia.,The percentage of Asian in the world population is slightly less than a half.,Asia has the largest percentage of population in the world(approximately 50%).,第41页,Pie,饼图提议不要按一个一个饼来描述，而是依据饼中信息进行分组描述，一样注意动态描述和最值,.,第42页,惯用小作文趋势句式表示,句式一：改变主体,/,图画中主体,+,趋势动词,+,副词,+,时间区间,Eg:The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1940-.,The number of aged people over 65 dropped slightly from 1960-1980.,The number of aged people over 65 fluctuated between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.,The number of aged people over 65 remained stable from 1930-1940.,第43页,句式二：,There be+,形容词,+,表示趋势名词,+in+,改变主体,+,时间区间,Eg:There was an significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1940-.,There was a slight decline in the number of aged people over 65 from 1960-1980.,There was a fluctuation between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.,第44页,Process Diagram,Flowchart,第45页,起点,+,箭头,步骤,+,分段,逻辑,+,衔接,生词带入,普通现在时被动语态,地点、人物、工具,第46页,流程图和其它数据图最大区分在于：流程图是纯文字，以描述为主，属于说明文。相比之下，柱状图、饼状图、表格等数据图则需要对数据进行分析和比较。从这个角度来说，其实数据图更难。,第47页,第一、引言段和结尾段主要性,在流程图引言段和结尾段写作中能够适当进行过程阶段划分和总结，使文章构思上一个层次，摆脱“流水账”俗套。,第48页,流程图首段开头模板：,1.,这是一个流程图,2.,它介绍了一个什么样过程,3.,它能够被分为几个步骤,This flowchart illustrates the process of.,which can be divided into.stages/steps.,第49页,流程图尾段模板：,As can be seen from the flowchart,it is clear to see how the procession/development of.is carried out.,第50页,在考试中，小作文中流程图普通会给出一个介绍制作步骤,(,食品、零件等,),图表，依据所给图表对整个制作流程进行描述。以下列图,第51页,第52页,第一步：搜集,-,放置,-,运输,第二步：清洗,-,分类,-,运到,-,放进,-,为了,-,混入,-,倒入,第三步：销售,第53页,第二，掌握表示“次序”连接词，用来说明过程各个步骤和先后次序。,重点掌握以下几个词：,表示过程用,process,或,procedure,过程各个阶段和步骤能够用,stage,或,step,来描述,第54页,第一个步骤连接词；,At first,、,To begin with,、,In the first stage,中间步骤：,Then,、,Next,、,After that,或,In the second stage,最终一个步骤：,Finally,、,Lastly,或,The final stage“,一些平行步骤：,At the same time,、,Meanwhile,第55页,第三，要学会使用被动语态,流程图写好第二个关键是被动语态使用。流程图表现是客观工作流程或事物发展过程。,所以，我们能够尽可能防止用“,Weshould/must/needtodosth.”,主动语态，改为“,Sth.Should/must/needstobedone”,这么被动语态。,被动语态和情态动词恰当搭配，能够使文章显得更含有客观、和学术化色彩。,第56页,第四，雅思词汇,:,作文流程图中常见动词集锦,见表格,第57页,This diagram illustrates the recycling process of glass bottles.The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into three main stages.,In the initial stage,these used bottles are collected in collection point where they are deposited by customers and they are then transported to cleaning plant by trucks.,The second stage shows that these bottles are cleaned by high pressured water and they are afterwards classified by colours into brown,green and clear.Then they are taken to recycling plant where they are put into furnace in order to melt in preparation for moulding.Next,recycled liquid glass is mixed with a certain amount of new liquid glass before being poured into mould for the manufacture of new bottles.,In the final stage,the fresh bottles are ready for use,and they are taken to be filled at market and return to customers.,第58页,Map,当前地图题主要是两种：,1,描述地域改变，,2.,描述一个详细位置,第59页,又以地域改变（地理变迁）最为常见，这种题目，普通会用一组图展现同一个地点在不一样时间段形态改变。另外就是地图题读题比较难。如下列图所表示：,第60页,第61页,A,地理变迁写法：,The maps below show the,事物,in,年份,and now.,1,读题：读图标含义，哪个是铁路，哪个是村庄等等都读明白了。要看清哪个是公路，哪个是铁路。有没有交叉点等等。,2,确定写次序，是按改变写还是按位置写，还是两个综合体。,3,假如是要求描述改变，把显著改变先划出，最好用词在图旁边描述，确定自己要写几点。,第62页,4,细节改变,地图每个细节改变都要提到，不要忽略一个细节,5,语态,地图题用被动语态,第63页,第一幅图为静态地理位置描写,描述到第二幅图时候，利用改变词汇,中间段,In the present-day town,a great deal changed.,主题句,第64页,记得用关联词和句子：,It is obvious/notable/noticeable,It is easy to locate/to find that,It can be seen from the graph that,第65页,惯用表示：,中间：,A is in center/middle/central area of B,紧挨着：,A is near/next to/close to/adjacent to B.,对面,A is opposite B.,A is across B,A is on the opposite side of B.,建设：,construct,build,set up,establish,add,transform,convert,第66页,一 时态,假如地图题反应是一个地方在过去一段时间改变，文章用普通过去时。,假如地图题反应是一个地方在未来一段时间改变趋势，文章用表“预计”词汇。,假如地图题反应是一个地方从过去到现在改变，可用现完成时。,第67页,注意！普通不用未来时，表示未来时间能够用以下表示：,is likely to=is predicted to/is estimated to/is projected to/is expected to,it is likely that=it is predicted/estimated/projected/expected that,第68页,如：,现在停车场改成了一个剧院。,The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.,城镇,A,家庭数量从,1937,年到,年将翻一番。,The number of homes in Town A is likely to double,It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double.,第69页,二 地图题书写次序：时间次序和空间次序,地图题方位我们说东西南北，不说成左右。,1 A,在,B,东方,/,西方,/,南方,/,北方,A is/lies/is located/is situated in/on/to the east/west/south/north of B,(in,表,A,在,B,内部，,on,表,A,和,B,接壤，,to,表,A,和,B,分开,),第70页,2 A,在,B,内部某个部位,A is in the eastern/southern/western/northern part of B.,3 3 A,在,B,西北部,120,千米处,A lies 120 km to the northwest of B.,4 A,在,B,角落,A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B(at,表示,A,在,B,外部，,in,表,A,在,B,内部,),第71页,5,在河流或道路南边,/,北边等,On the south/southern side of the river,On both sides of the road,On the other side,6,临近马路地域,The area adjacent to/near/next to/just off the road,7,在道路或河流最南端,At the southern end of the river,第72页,8 A,在,B,对面,A is on the opposite side of B,A is opposite B,9 A,在,B,东部边界上（,A,在,B,外部）,A is on the eastern border of B,10 A,在,B,东部边缘上（,A,在,B,内部）,A is on/along the eastern edge of B,第73页,三“改变”词汇,地图题描述是一个地域改变，那么“改变”词汇必须过关。,改变包含两种：图形原有事物改变，图形新添事物。,第74页,图形原有事物改变：,原有事物可说成：,The original/previous/former.,原有事物尺寸上变大,/,变小：,The size of the.has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half,原有事物在数量上增多或降低：,The number of.has increased/risen/grown/reduced/decreased/dropped/fallen/doubled/tripled/quadrupled to,数字,.,第75页,原有事物被推倒了：,A is pulled down/knocked down/torn down.,恒定表示,:,A has remained unchanged.,A,被建造在,B,：,A is constructed/established in B.,A,被增建在,B,：,A is added to B.,第76页,原有事物没了：,Tpletely disappeared/were removed.,原有事物被改为：,A becomes B,A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/,converted/changed/turned over to/into B,A is replaced/substituted by B=A gives way to B,第77页,图形新添事物,:,1 A newly-built.,2 A new.was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B,3 A new.has been added to the library,4 The year,年份,saw two additions to the land:,事物,A in the northern part and,事物,B on the opposite side.,第78页,B,地图题第二类为选址题：,The map shows two possible sites for the.,选址题并不难写，主要注意两点：,位置描述,优缺点,普通可分两段，分别陈说：,S1,位置及位置对应优缺点,S2,位置及位置对应优缺点,总阶段,其中表位置方位词已在前文有总结,第79页,例文：,In the present-day town,a great deal changed.,Perhaps the most noticeable change are those relating to transportation.Our modern-day needs are very different and so the roads have been improved and traffic lights,a roundabout and a zebra crossing have been added,as well as an extra road.Increased traffic means that a car park has now replaced Goode Farm and the fields that are located at the top of the 1700 map.,Housing is another area where many changes have been made.While in 1700 there were few houses,now there are rows of houses and a block of flats instead of the stables.,第80页,Table,第81页,