形容词和副词-以及比较级-最高级.doc

形容词与副词以及比较
知识梗概
一 形容词&副词的功能
1形容词--修饰à名词
副 词—修饰à动词
注意点：加ly仍然是形容词； 特殊的副词。
2 so /such的辨析
3 不定代词与形容词的搭配
4 系动词与形容词的搭配
5 else enough的用法
6 联系动词+形容词

二 形容词/副词比较级
1 变化的法则
2同级比较、两者比较、三者比较
3 特殊的短语 比较级and比较级/ the比较级,the 比较级

小明吃苹果
小明是苹果
6系动词 + 形容词
感官类 变化类 保持类 其它
Look 看上去 become keep Be is am are was were been
Smell闻起来 turn转换 变成 stay 保持 Sells + well 卖得好
Taste藏起来 get 变成… remain保持 The shoes sold well last year. A good B well C goodly
Sound听起来 go 变得 go wrong go bad go mad
Taste尝起来 grow 变成
Touch摸起来 come变成 come true

一 形容词&副词的功能
形容词—修饰à名词 （聪明的）小明吃（红色的）苹果
副 词—修饰à动词 小明（快乐地）吃苹果

1比较特殊的形容词
early
adj.早的；早期的
adv.早
earlier
earliest

friendly
adj.友好的
adv.友好地，朋友般地
friendlier
friendliest

more friendly
most friendly

lively
adj.活泼的 生动的
adv.富有活力地
livelier
liveliest

deadly
adj.致命的
adv.极其 死了一样地
deadlier
deadliest

silly
adj.蠢的糊涂的
没有副词
sillier
silliest

lovely
adj.可爱的
没有副词
lovelier
loveliest

lonely
adj.孤独的寂寞的
alone
lonelier
loneliest

daily
adj.每日的 日常的
adv.每日
没有比较级
没有最高级

weekly
adj.每周的
adj.每周
没有比较级
没有最高级

monthly
adj.每月的
adv.每月
没有比较级
没有最高级

yearly
adj.每年的
adv.每年
没有比较级
没有最高级

2 比较特殊的副词：加ly但不是副词的形容词(ly不是后缀)
Hard
硬的 努力勤奋的 困难的
hard
…地 …地 …地 …地
hardly
几乎不
near
近的 亲密的
near
在近处；在附近
nearly
几乎
late
迟的 晚的 末期的
late
迟（地） 后期地
lately
近来，最近
loud
大声的
loud
大声地
loudly
吵闹地 高声地(不舒服)
high
高的
high
高地
highly
（程度）高度地 极 非常
wide
宽的 广阔的
wide
广阔地
widely
（程度）广泛地；普遍地
deep
深的
deep
深深地
deeply
（程度）强烈地 深入地
short
短的，短暂的
short
简短地 突然
shortly
（程度 时间）立刻，扼要地
free
自由的；免费的 空闲的
free
自由地
freely
（程度）无限制地 慷慨地
Close
　近的
Close
近
　Closely
仔细地
fast
快的
fast
快
-

early
早的；早期的
early
早；在初期；先前
-

Good
好的
Well
好地
-

3 复合不定代词something anything someone等+形容词之后；
不定代词 who all some any …. 复合不定代词 everything every one every body something someone some body any…
I have something amazing to show you ! Do you have anything unusual ?

4 else/enough 的用法
(1) What else do you want ? 你还要别的什么吗？
Anything else to take ? 还有任何其他要拿的东西吗？
Who else do you want to see ? 你还想见别的什么人吗？
I thinks I can teach you something else.

(2) Enough +名词: enough money enough water
形容/副词 + enough: good enough strong enough He ran quickly enough

5 such与so的区别
1.1 so +形容词……that： so cute a boy
1.2 such+名词……that： such a cute boy
He is so excellent (a man) that lots of girls like him. 他是如此优秀以至于很多女孩子都喜欢他.
He is such an excellent man that lots of girls like him. 他是如此优秀以至于很多女孩子都喜欢他.

So many 复数可数名词 that
So few 复数可数名词 that
So much 不可数名词 that
So little 不可数名词 that
So … that… 如此的…以至于….
Such …that …如此的…以至于…

6 系动词+形容词
感官类 变化类 保持类 其它
Look 看上去 become keep Be is am are was were been
Smell闻起来 turn转换 变成 stay 保持 sells well 卖得好
Taste藏起来 get 变成… remain保持
Sound听起来 go 变得
go wrong go bad go mad
Touch摸起来 come变成 come true
grow 变成

形容词与副词的比较
一、 形容词变化规则
1 一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est　　tall-taller-tallest　 great-greater-greatest　
2 以不发音的e结尾的单音词　nice-nicer-nicest large- larger-largest　
3 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾；双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big(大的)　 bigger　 biggest hot热的)　hotter　 hottest　　注意：en ew on ow 结尾 不双写辅音 slowwer (错) newwer (错)
4"以辅+y"结尾的词，改y为i，再加-er，-est easy—easier--- easiest busy—busier—busiest
元音+y结尾的词，y不变,直接加-er, est, grey àgreyer—greyest gray àgrayer--grayest
5.其他双音节词与多音节词，在前面加more，the most来构成比较级与最高级。
Often more often the most often important(重要的)　more important the most important　　
easily(容易地) more easily most easily; more often, the most often. More famous , the most famous .

二 副词变化规则
6.1 单音节（不加ly）副词（与单音节形容词一样）一般加 -er -est ： near nearer nearest hard harder hardest
6.2 以-ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 与 the most. Earlyàearlieràearliest Quicklyà more quickly à the most quickly
7 不规则变化　 Good/well - better - the best Bad/badly/ill- worse- the worst
Many/much - more - the most little-less - the least (few-fewer-the fewest)
Far -Farther -the farthest（距离） Far- further - the furthest （程度上）
Old - older - the oldest (比较大小) Old- elder - the eldest (表血缘关系长幼辈)用法
I can throw it father than you. I need to go to the US for further study 进修
She is my elder sister, she is older than me.

比较（同级比较 / 2者比较 / ≥者比较）
一同级比较 ：as +形容/副词原级＋as
Tom is as tall as Jack
She could do as well as a man.
He runs as fast as I.
He is twice as tall as his son.
A dinosaur恐龙 can be 10 times as heavy as an elephant.
A dinosaur恐龙 can be as heavy as 10 elephants.
The money is 3 times as much as mine.
The money is as much as 3 times of mine
否定相比（甲＜乙），用“not as(so)+原级＋as”
e.g. she isn’t as(so) careful as you. I didn’t do my homework as carefully as you..

Little – less – the least
Less 更少的 à不如 没有那么……
A is heavy , B is less heavy than A : B没有A那么重

2.两者/双方/两部分间的比较。
（1）两者相比（甲＞乙）: 比较级＋than This room is bigger than that one.
（2）表示“…不如…”: less＋原级＋than This room is less bigger than that one.
所有的花朵都比叶子大 All the flowers of this tree are bigger than the leaves
所有的花朵都没有叶子大 All the flowers are less big than the leaves
他吃的比你吃的多 He ate more than I
他吃的没有你吃的多 He ate less than me
这本书比那一部要难一些 This book is more difficult than that one
这本书没有那一本那么难 This book is less difficult than that one
比较级的标示
(1) who + be +比较级 , A or B ? Who is taller, Tom or John?
(2) the 比较级 + of the two. (两者中较…的那个) Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.
(3) too very rather quite pretty +原级： The yard is very large.
Much= far, even, a lot, a little +比较级: That yard is even larger.
Much bigger 更加大得多
far more difficult更加难得多
much longer 更加长得多
far more dangerous更加危险得多
（4）常见句型
（A） The 比较级... ，the比较级...: 越... 就越... The more you study, the more you know.
（B） 比较级 and 比较级: 越来越... The computer is cheaper and cheaper.

3. 最高级用于表示三者或三者以上的“最……”。
1 Who / which + be +最高级, a, b, or c ? Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car?
2 Sb. / Sth＋be最高级+ in/of＋表范围的短语 He is the tallest boy in our class. He is the oldest of the three.
3 One of the +最高级 +复数： 最……的……之一 The yellow river is one of the longest rivers in china.
4 Be +the + 序数词 +最高级 +单数名词 + 范围", "……是…….的第几……" she is the second tallest student in our class.
5 最高级+have ever seen/heard/eaten/read/known. 我所见过的/听过的/吃过的/读过的/知道的……最....

Unit 2 8A（语法形容词与副词&比较级1）

一. 写出以下各形容词的比较级与最高级：

Great _______________ long _______________ poor ______________ loud ____________ soon ______________

Young ______________ kind ____________ rich ______________ quick ___________ cold _______________

Bigger _____________fatter _______________ thinner _______________ hotter _______ strong ______________

Slower ________________ newer ______________ lower ___________

Wiser _______________ nicer _________ politer _____________ larger ______________ freer ________

Dry _________ happy _________ early ________ easier _________ tiny _________ heavy ______________

clever 1_________ ____________ 2 _____ ________
busy ___________ ___________ noisy _______________

Intelligent _______ ________ different _______ ________ famous ______ _________ interesting ______ ______

important_______ ________ favourite ______ _________ difficult______ _________ clever ______ ________

Serious ______ ________ careful_______ ________ exciting _______ ________ friendly _________ _____________

Dangerous ____ _______ expensive ________ _______ wonderful _______ _______

特殊
far 距离上_________ ___ ____
far 程度上 _________ ___ ______
Good ____ _____ ___ _____

Old 血缘上_______ __ ______
用于比较 _________ _________

She is my __elder_ sister and , of course, she is __older__ than me.

Good –better – nest
well ____better _____ _____best____

Many _________ _________
Much ____ ____ ____ _____

little ________ ______
few _________ ______

ill ________ _________
bad ________ _________
badly ________ ________

副词early __________ _________ quickly __________ _________ easily __________ _________

seriously__________ _________ kindly __________ _________ slowly __________ _________

warmly __________ _________ difficultly __________ _________ strictly __________ _________

often ____more often the most often______ _________

fast _________ _________ hard _________ ________ close _________ _________

near __________ _________ high _________ _________ slow _________ ________ wide _________ _________

形容词修饰名词 VS 副词修饰动词/形容词/副词/句子 (原级)
1 _____ 小明吃______苹果. A 贪婪的 B贪婪地 C 甜美的 D轻飘飘地
2 小明吃苹果____________. A happy B happily C large D largely
1 From an ___ age, he showed ___intelligence and artistic ability. A early, great B earl, greatly C earlily, great
2 He also had many ___ inventions. A well B wonderful C very D badly
4 For example, his note books included some____ drawings of flying machines.
A interest B interested C interesting D more interesting

5 Then,____ they died out. Nobody knows why.
A sudden B suddenly C more suddenly

6 Australia is a very ___ country. It also has many big attractions.
A bigly B big C bigger D biger

7 Merinos are a type of sheep. They can live in _____ weather.
A dry B dryly C drier

8 Inside the Big Merino, there is a __ museum about the history of wool in Australia.
A smally B small C smallest

Battery 电池

9 The chemicals inside batteries produce __ electricity. A power B powerful C powerfully
9 A __time ago, there was a king in India. A longly B longer C long
10 The king’s ___ games was chess.
A favourite B the favourite C favouritely D more favouritely

11 One day a ____ old man came to the palace and the king challenged him a game.
A wise B smartly C cleverly
12 Some students play computers for too __,This is a __ problem. A longly,seriously B long,serious C longer,serious
13 Tomorrow we will have some experts here to talk
to the students about the ___ effects of playing computer games.
A badly B worse C bad D worst

吸收 吸入
14 They take in __gases from the air and produce oxygen for us to breathe.
A harm B harmful C harmfully

121 Even with all the rice in the country, he
would still not have ____ to put on all the squares.

A enough rice 稻谷 大米
B rice enough
C enoughly rice D rice enoughly

Enough + 名词
Adj. adv.+ enough

122 We were unaware of the machine, it was ______ to be put inside.
A tinny enough B enough tiny

123 We need to depend on ________.
A something safe B safe something
Something everything anything nothing
somebody everybody anybody nobody
someone anyone everyone none
+形容词

123 The king ordered ___ to collect a bag of grain of rice to the palace.
A Someone strong. B strong someone

124 Did she like ____ ? A anything else B else anything C any else thing

X1 His painting are very_____ . A famous B famously C more famous D famouser
X3 The flavour tasted _____. A wonder B wonderful C wonderfully
X4 Would you like to feel _____ ? A comfort安抚 B more comfortable C comfortably
X5 The robot touches like ___real__. A real B really C reality
X6 The sound from the machine sounds ____. A terrible B terry C terribly
X7 The inventions of technology科技 is becoming ____. A well B better C wonder D less good
X8 The boy is getting ___ for the games. A prepare B ready C hurt D draw
Get 变得
Get+adj.
Get married
Get angry
Get sleepy
Get ready
Get hurt
Get killed

X9 The color is turning ____. A lights B lighted C lighter D less lighter
X10 This type of computers sells ___. A good B well C fine D nice
X 11 She can’t buy electricity in packets like sweets! She’ll look ____.”

A fool B foolish C foolishly

补语：修饰补充宾语的名词/形容词/ 动词
Jack draws the apple red 我把苹果画成红色的
Jack makes him a fool. 我把苹果画成梨子
Jack saw the apple fall 我看见苹果落下

B1 You must keep your room ___ . A. to clean B. cleaning C. clean D. Cleaned
B2 They keep the air _____. A coolly and cleanly B cool and clean C cooler and cleanest
B2 We will get the door ______. A open B to open C opens D opening
B3 I know trees also make our lives ____. A convenience B more convenient C conveniently
B3 We must get the door _____. A closed B close C closes D closing
B4 Let’s get ______. A prepared B ready C dress D paint
B5 We will keep our bodies _______ . A health B healthy C happy D happiness
B6 We found the painting and the inventions are ____.
A interest B interested C interesting D interestingly

B7 You will find the city really ____ if you see from the sky. A beauty B beautiful C beautifully D beautifuller
B8 “No. People will make me __ again. I’ll go into a river again.” A cleaned B clean C cleanly

比较级[原级比较]
1 Some di-no-s-aurs were as __ as chickens.
Others were as___as ten elephants. Some could even fly.
A small, big B smaller, bigger
C smallest, biggest D small. Small

2 Some dinosaurs were __ ducks.
A as smaller as B as small as C as very small as

3 Other dinosaurs were 10 times ___ ten elephants. Some could even fly.
A as big as B as big ger as C as very

4 This box is___ that one.
a. heavy than b. so heavy than c. heavier as D as heavy as

5 The shoes are twice as ___ as that pair.
A expensive B more expensive C the most expensive

6 This book is____ that one, but____ than that one. a. as difficult as; expensive b. as more difficult as; more expensive c. as difficult as; more expensive d. more difficult as; as expensive
7 The painting is 20 sizes as ___ as that one. A smooth B smoothly C smoother D more smoothly
1 Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very __to the farmers there. A less important B important
C more important D the most important

Very (rather quite) too less只能修饰原级
much (far) even; a little 修饰比较级

Comparing with Mars. the earth is a little bigger.

2 They can even live