形容词、副词比较级、最高级讲义.doc

形容词的比较级和最高级的构成和用法一形容词的含义说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词A happy girl an interesting book the friendly peoper那么现在有两个女孩说明谁比谁更高兴，谁比谁更有趣的时候我们就用形容词的比较级，那么三个或三个以上呢，我们使用的就是形容词的最高级。 我们首先来看一下形容词的比较级和最高级是如何变化的二. 形容词、副词的变化规则一般在词尾直接加er或est eg: talltaller-tallest， longlongerlongest 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词, 在词尾直接加r或st eg: nicenicernicest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est eg:heavyheavierheaviest.重读闭音节 1.后三个字母是辅+元+辅音，双写末尾辅音字母, 再加er或est 。 2.最后音节重读 eg:bigbigger-biggest (fat, hot, wet, thin).多音节词和部分双音节词分别在原级前加more构成 比较级和most构成最高级eg: slowlymoreslowlymostslowly； beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful你现在能写出下面形容词的比较级和最高级了吗？hot _ _ friendly _ _ busy _ _ strong _ _ large _ _ comfortable _ _ 总结归纳：比较级是_者进行比较；最高级是_进行比较；最高级前一般有_，后面可能会出现in/of的短语。 注：几个特殊的形容词和副词的变化原级比较级 最高级good ,wellbetterbestmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastbad /badly/ illworseworstoldolder elder oldesteldestfarfarther 表距离further 表程度farthestfurthest三比较级的基本用法及常用句型结构（1） 含义：两个人或事物之间的比较（2） 标志词：than （比 ） （3） 用法及考点：可以修饰比较级的副词：much （得多） alittle (一点儿)alot （得多） abit (一点儿)far （得多） even (甚至) still ( 仍然 ) rather (更) eg: LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo. Tomlooksa little youngerthanbefore. Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.比较级常用的句型结构 考点1. “A+比较级+than+B”表示: “A比B”eg: TomistallerthanKate.Igetupearlierthanmymothereverymorning. 考点2. “A+比较级+than+ anyother+单数名词”，表示：“A比其他任何一个都”， （含义是: 同一范围内比较，甲最”。 ） eg:TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina. =TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina. 考点3.“比较级+and+比较级” , 表示:“越来越”。 eg: Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他变得越来越高了。 Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。 Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.他做作业越来越认真了。 【注：多音节形容词或副词表示“越来越”用：moreandmore+adj/adv 原级】 考点4.“the+比较级，the+比较级”, 表示 :“越，越”。 eg: Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyoullmake.你越认真，犯的错误越少。 考点5.“特殊疑问词+ 比较级，A or B？” eg: Whichisbigger，theearthorthemoon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？ Whodrawsbetter，JennyorDanny？ 谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？ 四最高级的基本用法及常用句型结构 （1）用法：三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较。 in + 短语 （ 在之中）（2） 标志词： of + 短语 （ 在当中）考点. 主语 +the+最高级+in/of短语” 表示: “是中最的”。 eg: Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。 Thisappleisthebiggestofthefive.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。 Ijump(the)farthestinmyclass.我是我们班跳得最远的。【注：形容词的最高级前通常加定冠词the, 副词的最高级前定冠词the 通常可以省略】考点 “主语+be +one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示：“是中最之一”。 eg:BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大城市之一。 考点. “特殊疑问词+the+最高级 +甲，乙，or丙？” 用于三者及以上的比较。 eg: Whichcountryisthelargest，China，BrazilorCanada？ Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best，spring，summerorautumn？ 五形容词、副词的原级比较（1）用法：两者就同一事物进行比较。 肯定句：as+形容词原形+as 表示：与.一样（2）句型结构 否定句：not so/as+形容词原形as 表示：.不如.eg: She is as tall as her sister. （她和她姐姐一样高。） He runs not so/as fast as his classmates. （他跑得不如他的同学们快。）课堂练习(一) 写出下列形容词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ bad _ _ far_ _ happy_ _ (二) 选择填空： 1. She looks _ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older2. The line is _ than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 3. The garden is becoming _. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 4. As the 2010 Asian Games get closer, Guangzhou is becoming than ever.（2009） A. beautiful B. most beautiful C. more beautiful D. almost beautiful5. Why dont you like winter in Beijing? Because it is _winter in Guangzhou. A. as cold as B.much colder than C. not so cold as D.not colder than6. The actress is already 50, but she looks _ than she really is. A. young B. more young C. more younger D. much younger (三) 用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 2. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 3. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 4. She will be much _ (happy) in her new house.5. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. (四) 翻译句子： 1.这本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one. 2.你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother. 3.今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday. 4.她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day. 5.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English. 家庭作业一、写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：1. nice _ 2. hot _ 3. dry _4. much _ 5. little _ 6. bad _7. early _ 8. careful_ 9. exciting _二、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：1. Bob is _ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) as Yongxian. 3.Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 4. He is _ (bad) in maths. He is much _ (bad) in Chinese and he is the _ (bad) in English. 5. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 6.He is one of the_ _(clever) student in the class, I think. 7. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.8. Things are getting _ and _. (bad)9. The higher you climb, the _ it will be. (cold)10. Now his life is becoming _ and _ _. (difficult)11. There are _ boys than girls in our class. (few) - 6 -