形容词和副词-以及比较级-最高级.doc

形容词与副词以及比较知识梗概一 形容词&副词的功能1形容词-修饰名词副 词修饰动词注意点：加ly仍然是形容词； 特殊的副词。2 so /such的辨析3 不定代词与形容词的搭配4 系动词与形容词的搭配5 else enough的用法6 联系动词+形容词二 形容词/副词比较级1 变化的法则2同级比较、两者比较、三者比较3 特殊的短语 比较级and比较级/ the比较级,the 比较级小明吃苹果小明是苹果 6系动词 + 形容词感官类 变化类 保持类 其它 Look 看上去 become keep Be is am are was were been Smell闻起来 turn转换 变成 stay 保持 Sells + well 卖得好Taste藏起来 get 变成 remain保持 The shoes sold well last year. A good B well C goodly Sound听起来 go 变得 go wrong go bad go mad Taste尝起来 grow 变成 Touch摸起来 come变成 come true 一 形容词&副词的功能 形容词修饰名词 （聪明的）小明吃（红色的）苹果副 词修饰动词 小明（快乐地）吃苹果1比较特殊的形容词earlyadj.早的；早期的adv.早earlierearliestfriendlyadj.友好的adv.友好地，朋友般地friendlierfriendliestmore friendlymost friendlylively adj.活泼的 生动的adv.富有活力地livelierliveliestdeadly adj.致命的adv.极其 死了一样地deadlierdeadliestsillyadj.蠢的糊涂的 没有副词silliersilliestlovely adj.可爱的没有副词lovelierloveliestlonely adj.孤独的寂寞的alonelonelierloneliestdaily adj.每日的 日常的adv.每日没有比较级没有最高级weekly adj.每周的adj.每周没有比较级没有最高级monthlyadj.每月的adv.每月没有比较级没有最高级yearly adj.每年的adv.每年没有比较级没有最高级2 比较特殊的副词：加ly但不是副词的形容词(ly不是后缀)Hard硬的 努力勤奋的 困难的 hard地 地 地 地hardly几乎不near近的 亲密的near在近处；在附近nearly几乎late迟的 晚的 末期的late迟（地） 后期地lately近来，最近loud大声的loud 大声地loudly吵闹地 高声地(不舒服)high高的high高地highly（程度）高度地 极 非常wide宽的 广阔的wide广阔地widely（程度）广泛地；普遍地deep深的 deep深深地deeply（程度）强烈地 深入地short短的，短暂的short简短地 突然shortly（程度 时间）立刻，扼要地free自由的；免费的 空闲的free自由地freely（程度）无限制地 慷慨地Close近的Close近Closely仔细地 fast快的fast快-early早的；早期的early早；在初期；先前-Good好的Well好地-3 复合不定代词something anything someone等+形容词之后；不定代词 who all some any . 复合不定代词 everything every one every body something someone some body anyI have something amazing to show you ! Do you have anything unusual ?4 else/enough 的用法(1) What else do you want ? 你还要别的什么吗？ Anything else to take ? 还有任何其他要拿的东西吗？Who else do you want to see ? 你还想见别的什么人吗？ I thinks I can teach you something else. (2) Enough +名词: enough money enough water 形容/副词 + enough: good enough strong enough He ran quickly enough 5 such与so的区别1.1 so +形容词that： so cute a boy1.2 such+名词that： such a cute boyHe is so excellent (a man) that lots of girls like him. 他是如此优秀以至于很多女孩子都喜欢他. He is such an excellent man that lots of girls like him. 他是如此优秀以至于很多女孩子都喜欢他. So many 复数可数名词 thatSo few 复数可数名词 thatSo much 不可数名词 thatSo little 不可数名词 thatSo that 如此的以至于.Such that 如此的以至于6 系动词+形容词感官类 变化类 保持类 其它 Look 看上去 become keep Be is am are was were been Smell闻起来 turn转换 变成 stay 保持 sells well 卖得好Taste藏起来 get 变成 remain保持Sound听起来 go 变得 go wrong go bad go mad Touch摸起来 come变成 come true grow 变成 形容词与副词的比较一、 形容词变化规则1 一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall-taller-tallest great-greater-greatest 2 以不发音的e结尾的单音词nice-nicer-nicest large- larger-largest3 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾；双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big(大的) bigger biggest hot热的)hotter hottest注意：en ew on ow 结尾 不双写辅音 slowwer (错) newwer (错)4以辅+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-er，-est easyeasier- easiest busybusierbusiest 元音+y结尾的词，y不变,直接加-er, est, grey greyergreyest gray grayer-grayest5.其他双音节词与多音节词，在前面加more，the most来构成比较级与最高级。Often more often the most often important(重要的)more important the most importanteasily(容易地) more easily most easily; more often, the most often. More famous , the most famous .二 副词变化规则6.1 单音节（不加ly）副词（与单音节形容词一样）一般加 -er -est ： near nearer nearest hard harder hardest 6.2 以-ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 与 the most. Earlyearlierearliest Quickly more quickly the most quickly 7 不规则变化 Good/well - better - the best Bad/badly/ill- worse- the worst Many/much - more - the most little-less - the least (few-fewer-the fewest) Far -Farther -the farthest（距离） Far- further - the furthest （程度上） Old - older - the oldest (比较大小) Old- elder - the eldest (表血缘关系长幼辈)用法I can throw it father than you. I need to go to the US for further study 进修She is my elder sister, she is older than me. 比较（同级比较 / 2者比较 / 者比较）一同级比较 ：as +形容/副词原级asTom is as tall as Jack She could do as well as a man. He runs as fast as I. He is twice as tall as his son. A dinosaur恐龙 can be 10 times as heavy as an elephant.A dinosaur恐龙 can be as heavy as 10 elephants.The money is 3 times as much as mine.The money is as much as 3 times of mine否定相比（甲乙），用“not as(so)+原级as”e.g. she isnt as(so) careful as you. I didnt do my homework as carefully as you.Little less the least Less 更少的 不如 没有那么A is heavy , B is less heavy than A : B没有A那么重2.两者/双方/两部分间的比较。 （1）两者相比（甲乙）: 比较级than This room is bigger than that one. （2）表示“不如”: less原级than This room is less bigger than that one.所有的花朵都比叶子大 All the flowers of this tree are bigger than the leaves所有的花朵都没有叶子大 All the flowers are less big than the leaves他吃的比你吃的多 He ate more than I他吃的没有你吃的多 He ate less than me 这本书比那一部要难一些 This book is more difficult than that one这本书没有那一本那么难 This book is less difficult than that one比较级的标示(1) who + be +比较级 , A or B ? Who is taller, Tom or John? (2) the 比较级 + of the two. (两者中较的那个) Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.(3) too very rather quite pretty +原级： The yard is very large. Much= far, even, a lot, a little +比较级: That yard is even larger. Much bigger 更加大得多 far more difficult更加难得多 much longer 更加长得多 far more dangerous更加危险得多（4）常见句型（A） The 比较级. ，the比较级.: 越. 就越. The more you study, the more you know. （B） 比较级 and 比较级: 越来越. The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 3. 最高级用于表示三者或三者以上的“最”。 1 Who / which + be +最高级, a, b, or c ? Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car? 2 Sb. / Sthbe最高级+ in/of表范围的短语 He is the tallest boy in our class. He is the oldest of the three.3 One of the +最高级 +复数： 最的之一 The yellow river is one of the longest rivers in china. 4 Be +the + 序数词 +最高级 +单数名词 + 范围, 是.的第几 she is the second tallest student in our class. 5 最高级+have ever seen/heard/eaten/read/known. 我所见过的/听过的/吃过的/读过的/知道的最. Unit 2 8A（语法形容词与副词&比较级1）一. 写出以下各形容词的比较级与最高级：Great _ long _ poor _ loud _ soon _Young _ kind _ rich _ quick _ cold _Bigger _fatter _ thinner _ hotter _ strong _Slower _ newer _ lower _ Wiser _ nicer _ politer _ larger _ freer _Dry _ happy _ early _ easier _ tiny _ heavy _clever 1_ _ 2 _ _ busy _ _ noisy _Intelligent _ _ different _ _ famous _ _ interesting _ _important_ _ favourite _ _ difficult_ _ clever _ _ Serious _ _ careful_ _ exciting _ _ friendly _ _Dangerous _ _ expensive _ _ wonderful _ _ 特殊 far 距离上_ _ _ far 程度上 _ _ _ Good _ _ _ _ Old 血缘上_ _ _ 用于比较 _ _ She is my _elder_ sister and , of course, she is _older_ than me.Good better nest well _better _ _best_ Many _ _ Much _ _ _ _ little _ _ few _ _ill _ _ bad _ _badly _ _副词early _ _ quickly _ _ easily _ _ seriously_ _ kindly _ _ slowly _ _warmly _ _ difficultly _ _ strictly _ _ often _more often the most often_ _ fast _ _ hard _ _ close _ _near _ _ high _ _ slow _ _ wide _ _形容词修饰名词 VS 副词修饰动词/形容词/副词/句子 (原级)1 _ 小明吃_苹果. A 贪婪的 B贪婪地 C 甜美的 D轻飘飘地2 小明吃苹果_. A happy B happily C large D largely 1 From an _ age, he showed _intelligence and artistic ability. A early, great B earl, greatly C earlily, great 2 He also had many _ inventions. A well B wonderful C very D badly4 For example, his note books included some_ drawings of flying machines. A interest B interested C interesting D more interesting5 Then,_ they died out. Nobody knows why. A sudden B suddenly C more suddenly6 Australia is a very _ country. It also has many big attractions. A bigly B big C bigger D biger7 Merinos are a type of sheep. They can live in _ weather. A dry B dryly C drier 8 Inside the Big Merino, there is a _ museum about the history of wool in Australia. A smally B small C smallestBattery 电池9 The chemicals inside batteries produce _ electricity. A power B powerful C powerfully 9 A _time ago, there was a king in India. A longly B longer C long 10 The kings _ games was chess. A favourite B the favourite C favouritely D more favouritely11 One day a _ old man came to the palace and the king challenged him a game. A wise B smartly C cleverly 12 Some students play computers for too _,This is a _ problem. A longly,seriously B long,serious C longer,serious13 Tomorrow we will have some experts here to talk to the students about the _ effects of playing computer games.A badly B worse C bad D worst 吸收 吸入14 They take in _gases from the air and produce oxygen for us to breathe. A harm B harmful C harmfully121 Even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have _ to put on all the squares. A enough rice 稻谷 大米B rice enoughC enoughly rice D rice enoughlyEnough + 名词Adj. adv.+ enough122 We were unaware of the machine, it was _ to be put inside. A tinny enough B enough tiny123 We need to depend on _. A something safe B safe something Something everything anything nothing somebody everybody anybody nobodysomeone anyone everyone none +形容词123 The king ordered _ to collect a bag of grain of rice to the palace. A Someone strong. B strong someone124 Did she like _ ? A anything else B else anything C any else thing X1 His painting are very_ . A famous B famously C more famous D famouser X3 The flavour tasted _. A wonder B wonderful C wonderfully X4 Would you like to feel _ ? A comfort安抚 B more comfortable C comfortably X5 The robot touches like _real_. A real B really C reality X6 The sound from the machine sounds _. A terrible B terry C terribly X7 The inventions of technology科技 is becoming _. A well B better C wonder D less goodX8 The boy is getting _ for the games. A prepare B ready C hurt D drawGet 变得Get+adj.Get married Get angryGet sleepy Get ready Get hurt Get killed X9 The color is turning _. A lights B lighted C lighter D less lighterX10 This type of computers sells _. A good B well C fine D niceX 11 She cant buy electricity in packets like sweets! Shell look _.” A fool B foolish C foolishly 补语：修饰补充宾语的名词/形容词/ 动词Jack draws the apple red 我把苹果画成红色的Jack makes him a fool. 我把苹果画成梨子Jack saw the apple fall 我看见苹果落下B1 You must keep your room _ . A. to clean B. cleaning C. clean D. CleanedB2 They keep the air _. A coolly and cleanly B cool and clean C cooler and cleanestB2 We will get the door _. A open B to open C opens D openingB3 I know trees also make our lives _. A convenience B more convenient C convenientlyB3 We must get the door _. A closed B close C closes D closingB4 Lets get _. A prepared B ready C dress D paintB5 We will keep our bodies _ . A health B healthy C happy D happinessB6 We found the painting and the inventions are _. A interest B interested C interesting D interestinglyB7 You will find the city really _ if you see from the sky. A beauty B beautiful C beautifully D beautifuller B8 “No. People will make me _ again. Ill go into a river again.” A cleaned B clean C cleanly比较级原级比较1 Some di-no-s-aurs were as _ as chickens. Others were as_as ten elephants. Some could even fly. A small, big B smaller, bigger C smallest, biggest D small. Small2 Some dinosaurs were _ ducks. A as smaller as B as small as C as very small as 3 Other dinosaurs were 10 times _ ten elephants. Some could even fly. A as big as B as big ger as C as very 4 This box is_ that one. a. heavy than b. so heavy than c. heavier as D as heavy as5 The shoes are twice as _ as that pair. A expensive B more expensive C the most expensive6 This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. a. as difficult as; expensive b. as more difficult as; more expensive c. as difficult as; more expensive d. more difficult as; as expensive7 The painting is 20 sizes as _ as that one. A smooth B smoothly C smoother D more smoothly 1 Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very _to the farmers there. A less important B importantC more important D the most important Very (rather quite) too less只能修饰原级 much (far) even; a little 修饰比较级 Comparing with Mars. the earth is a little bigger.2 They can even live