短文改错常考知识点.doc

短文改错常考知识点一、 主谓一致1. 三单情况2. 定语从句的主谓一致3. and连接两个名词的情况4. 非谓语动词作主语情况5. 插入语情况6. there be情况二、 非谓语误用1. 使役动词，感官动词的用法，后面跟doing, do,done等2. to do作目的状语，经常漏掉toi went abroad study3. to do作定语，经常漏掉to（有时以there be结构呈现）I have something tell you4. doing作伴随状语，经常用过去式，使人误以为是并列句5. doing, done的主被动关系混淆6. doing作定语与done作定语混淆7. to do或doing作主语，经常误用为do（it的形式宾，形式主里也是如此）8. 疑问词+不定式结构，经常漏掉to9. doing或done被误用为句子谓语三、 时态语态1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的混用2. 过去完成时与过去时的混用3. 主动与被动的错误使用4. 前后时态的一致问题5. 主将从现问题6. 不及物动词无被动情况7. 延续性动词与瞬间动词的使用四、 特殊句式1. 倒装句（部分倒装、完全倒装、形式倒装）例如：Only when you leave home you feel its importance. home后加doChild although he is, he knows a lot about the world. although改为as或thoughI dont enjoy singing, nor I like computers. nor后加do2. 强调句（强调句型、对谓语动词的强调：do/does/did +动词原形）例如：It was not until 9 oclock when mother came back. when改成that I did went there, but he didnt see me yesterday. went改成goThis was in the street that you came across me yesterday. This改成It3. 祈使句（普通祈使句、含主语的祈使句、祈使句+and/or +陈述句）例如：Use your head, you will find a way. you前加andPutting on your overcoat, or youll catch a cold. putting改为putPlease to bring along your dictionary with you here next time. 去掉to4. 感叹句（What (+a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！）（How+ 形容词/副词+主语+谓语！）（How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！）例如：How fun it is to play with children! How改为WhatWhat fast he ran! What改为How 五、 几类词误用介词1. 固定搭配的错误使用2. 介词后跟名词或动名词，故意设置为动词或形容词例如：without permission故意设置为without permit3. 介词放在及物动词后4. 介词放在副词前形副1. 比较等级的混淆等例如：She is much beautiful than Jenny.(much可以改为more,或者在much后增加more)2. 形副两种词性名词1.名词单复数2. 名词所有格代词1. 主宾格混用。例如：I like he.(这里的he改为him)2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词混用3. 指示代词单复数问题及使用错误问题4.不定代词的误用5. it做形式主，形式宾的固定用法6. 人称代词与物主代词混用7. 代词单数复数的混用，如it/them误用。8. all/ both的误用9. 人称不一致，如Tom always helps myself. 中的myself改成himself情态动词（1）结构（情态动词后接动词原形）例如：You had better to change your working plan as soon as possible. 去掉had better后的toWe cant existing without water. existing 改为existShe thought the owner must very worried. must 后加be（2）含义例如：I dont know her well, she must be a student. 这里的must改为may （3）表原本例如：Mr. White should arrive at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. should arrive改为should have arrived（4）表推测（可能性）例如： We can go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. can改为mayHe mustnt be in the classroom. I saw him on the playground just now. mustnt改为cant六、 成分残缺 1. 主系表结构中，由于表语看似过去分词，故意漏掉be动词例如：we tired after came back from work.2. 状语从句的省略情况例如：It begins to make noise when it turned on.解析：这道题when it后要么加is，要么去掉it，3. 定语从句与并列句混用例如：She had a dog that she called it Bobby.（这里的it是多余成分）4. 表示“许多”的词组,如a lot of ,plenty of, a great number of等后面接名词时故意漏掉of七、 从句误用1. 引导词的误用，尤其是定语从句与宾语从句的引导词that与what的误用和混淆。主语从句引导词that与what的误用，定语从句与并列句的混用。例如：All what I need are apples. (what应该改为that) 2. 状语从句与主句之间不加并列连词 3. because，so不能并用，althoug/though, but不能并用等情况 4. 引导词的缺余例如：That was because that I was ill. （ that应该去掉）