虚拟语气作业.doc

使用虚拟语气应注意的几个问题
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。
1、表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句汇总的谓语动词用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”。而主句中的谓语动词用“would（should，could，might）+动词原形”。例如：
①If he had time ,he ____________(将出席会议)（attend）。
2、表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had +过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“would（should,could,might）+have+过去分词”，例如：
②If my car ___________（没有抛锚）， I would not have been late。（break）
③If he ________________（没有忙于做）with his experiment, he would have helped me with my English 。(busy)（08 年湖北六校3月联考）
④If the government_______(没有制定) some good policies, its economy wouldn’t have been developing so rapidly.(make) (08-09荆州高三期末考试题)
3、表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用were to +动词原形或者用过去式或者用should加动词原形这三种形式，主句的谓语动词用 would (should,could,might)+动词原形，例如：
⑤If it were to rain tomorrow ,the meeting ______(将会推迟)（put）
4、当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调整，例如：
⑥You had taken/followed the doctor’s davice ,you________now.(right)
5、以上句型可以转换成下列形式。
（1） 省略if 用 were ,should ,had+主语（即倒装形式），例如：
Were I in school again, I would work harder .
⑦ Had little Tommy gone to see the doctor earlier , he _________（不会病倒）last night(fall).(09年荆州质量检测题Ⅱ)
⑧____________（如果你来得更早一点的话），you would have seen him.(come)
但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式，如我们可以说：Were it not for the expense , I would go to Italy. 但不能说： Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.
(2) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如：
⑨But for the effective measures taken by the govemment during the snow disaster ,We________(就会遭受更大的损失了)（suffer,loss）(08年湖北八校高三二次联考)
⑩He wasn’t given enough financial support , otherwise he _________(不会辍学)（drop）.(09年湖北五市连考题)
⑪Without air, there _________(将没有) living thing.
二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1、“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜…”，“就好了”，“悔不该…..”“但愿…..”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句谓语东西过去式（be动词用were）
表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句用“would/could+动词原形”
表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句用“had +过去分词或would/could have 过去分词”。例如：
⑫I wish it _________(是) spring all the year round.(be)
⑬How I wish _______(更仔细一些)in the last exam.(careful)(潜江市高三9月考题)
⑭I feel so sick. I wish Mum _______(没有逼我)to eat so much.(dorce)(08年湖北高考题)
2虚拟语气在动词 arrange , command, demand, desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest,recommend等后面的宾语从句中用“（should）+动词原形”，例如：
⑮Representatives attending Copenhagen conference recommended that _______(采取严厉措施) to reduce carbon emission (take)(2010年襄樊六月调研题)
⑯The headmaster suggested that the disabled boy __________(应该去上学) next term(send)(09年武汉市高三调研)
注意：只有当insist作“坚持认为”，“坚持应该”，suggest作“建议”解时，从句的动作发生在谓语之后，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。当insist 作“力言强调”，suggest 作“暗示，表明”解时，宾语从句通常不用虚拟语气。
Mike insisted that he had never stole anything.
The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.
三、虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句
作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request,command等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气“（should）+动词原形”。例如：
17 I made a proposal_______(我们举行) a meeting next Monday .(hold)
18 After circling around the earth for three days, Shen Zhou spaceship received the command from the ground__________(它着陆) as scheduled the next day.(land)(09年湖北省高考题)
19 My idea is that ____________(我们应该做) exercises first .(do)
四、虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等。例如：
20 It’s suggested that you ________(应该带一部手机) when you are out trvelling in case of emergencies.(bring)(08年恩施10月月考题)
21 It is necessary that we ___________(应该打扫教室) every day.
五、虚拟语气在as if (as though ),even if (even though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用。
如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，用过去式；指将来则用过去将来时。
22 She looked afrer the boy as if ____________(他是她自己的儿子)。（be）(08年恩施10月考题)
23 He speaks English so flently as if he _________(他学过英语) in England.(study)
在上述三种主语从句中，should 应该为“应该”，“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would ,主句所用动词的时态不限。注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that 从句也可以用陈述语气。例如：
It is strange that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can’t swim.
六、虚拟语气用于定于从句
这种从句常用在It is high time that.....句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形。（should不能省略，be用were）来表示，意为“（现在）该.....”,”是...的时候了”，例如：
24 It is high time that something _________(采取措施) about the population exolosion in some developing countries.(do)(09年荆州质量检测题)
25 If your friends don’t stick with you any more, it’s time you________(你退出) the friendship.(pull)(09年天门六校四次联考)
七、虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中
26 If only they__________(没有走漏)the secret at that time.(give)(09年武汉市5月训练题)
27 Look at the trouble I am in !____________________(我要是听从…该多好)your advice.(if, follow)(08年荆州市高中毕业质检题)
八、虚拟语气在简单句中的应用
1、情态动词的过去式用于现在进行时，表示说话人谦虚，客气，有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常生活中。例如：
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
2、用于一些习惯表达语法中，例如：
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
You had better go now.
3、用“May+动词原形”表示祝愿，may必须置于句首。
May you be happy!
May you succeed!