高考英语一轮复习语法知识梳理讲义--代词.docx

高考英语知识梳理••代词
（物主代词+反身代词+指示代词+相互代词）
形容词性物主代词
一、形容词性物主代词.形容词性物主代词的句法作用
（1）作定语This is my book.这是我的书。
Take a note of their names and addresses.把他们的姓名和地址记下来。
（2）作动名词的逻辑主语Her coming late added to our difficulty.她的迟到给我们增加了困难。 Would you mind my taking this seat?我坐这个座位你不反对吧？ 2 .形容词性物主代词的用法
（1）''one's own…〃句式表示强调Mind your own business.另0管闲事。
I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看到的。
（2）''of one's own〃作后置定语，意为''属于某人自己的〃We have no children of our own.我们没有自己的孩子。
I wish I had a little lab of my own.但愿我有自己的一间小实验室。
（3）构成固定短语
earn one's living 谋生 keep one's word 守信 make one's way 一路前进 save one's life 救命 try one's luck 碰运气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
lose one's way 迷路make up one's mind 下定决心 take one's time 慢慢来 in one's opinion以某人的观点
名词性物主代词
二、名词性物主代词名词性物主代词的句法作用
（1）作主语His brother is a driver, mine is a soldier and hers is an engineer. 他哥哥是个司机，我哥哥是个军人，她哥哥是个工程师。
Ours is a great socialist country.我们国家是个伟大的社会主义国家。
（2）作表语These books are not ours.They are theirs.这些书不是我们的,是他们的。 —Whose ruler is this? — It is yours.—这是谁的尺子？一是你的。
（3）作动词宾语和介词宾语You may use my bike and I may use hers.你可以骑我的自行车，我骑她 的。
Our job is different from yours.我们的工作和你们的不同。
1 .名词性物主代词的用法
（1）、'of+名词性物主代词〃构成双重所有格Wang Ling is an old classmate of ours.王玲是我们的老同学。
This baby of hers is so lovely!她的这个小孩真可爱！
（2）yours用于书信中给陌生人的书信：yours faithfully/truly/sincerely
给朋友或熟人的书信：yours ever/yours反身代词的句法作用
三、反身代词的句法作用作宾语
Please help yourself to some tea.请随便用茶。（动词宾语）She set a difficult task for herself.
她为自己制定了一-项艰巨的任务。（介词宾语）.作同位语
The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。
I myself did the work.这件事是我亲自做的。
2 .作表语The little boy in the picture is himself.照片上的这个小孩就是他自己。
III be myself again in no time.我过一会儿就会好的。
I don't feel myself today.我今天感到不太舒服。
反身代词的用法2
四、反身代词的用法、'find oneself+宾补〃句式中，表示''不知不觉发现自己处于某种境地"
He found himself in hospital when he came to.当他苏醒过来时发现已住 进了医院。
When he woke up he found himself tied to the ground.
当他醒来时发现自己被捆在地上。
1. ''make oneself done,,句式中，表示''使自己被 "He spoke loud to make himself heard.他大声讲话让大家都能听见。
He couldn't make himself understood.他不能让人理解自己。
2 .用于固定短语中
（1）动词短语abandon oneself to 沉迷于 adapt oneself to 适应于 behave oneself 举止得体 devote oneself to 致力于 engage oneself in 从事于 enjoy oneself过得快乐 help yourself to 自行取用 make a fool of oneself 丢丑

abandon oneself to 沉迷于 adapt oneself to 适应于 behave oneself 举止得体 devote oneself to 致力于 engage oneself in 从事于 enjoy oneself过得快乐 help yourself to 自行取用 make a fool of oneself 丢丑
absent oneself from 缺席
addict oneself to 沉溺于
come to oneself 苏醒
dress oneself in 穿着，打扮 engage oneself to 同订婚
express oneself表达某人的思想 make oneself at home 不要客气 say to oneself 心里想

（2）介词短语by oneself独自地of oneself自动地in itself本质上；本身
相互代词的句法作用
五、相互代词的句法作用1.作宾语
We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。
Do you often see one another? 你们彼此常见面吗？
2 .所有格形式可作定语The students borrowed each other's notes.学生们互相借笔记。
They often stay in one another's houses.他们常常在彼此家里住。
The sea and the sky seem to melt into one another/each other.
大海和蓝天似乎融为一体。（介词宾语）
【提示】相互代词在句中不可用作主语。
指示代词的句法作用
二、指示代词的句法作用1.作主语
This is what I want.这就是我想要的。
This is yours and that is mine.这是你的,那是我的。
2 .作表语What I want to say is this.我想说的就是这点。
What I want is that.我想要的是那个。
3 .作宾语I like these and he likes those.我喜欢这些，他喜欢那些。（动词宾语）
I'm one with you on this.在这点上我和你意见一致。（介词宾语）4.作定语
I want this book, not that book.我要这本书，不是那本书。
These computers are cheap.这些电脑便宜些。
指示代词的用法
六、指示代词的用法this, these 表示''近指〃；that, those 表示''远指〃
This is a tractor and that is a combine,这是一台拖拉机，那是一台联合收 割机。
These are jeeps.Those are heavy trucks.这些是吉普车，那些是载重汽车。
1. this和these常指后面要讲到的事情；that常指前面讲过的事情What I want to tell you is this： the meeting is to put off till Friday. 我要告诉你的是：会议推迟到星期五开。
He had a bad cold.That is why he didn't attend the meeting.
他患了重感冒。那就是他为什么没参加会议的原因。
2. this, that的特殊用法
（1）在电话用语中指自己用this,指对方用that。
Hello! This is Mary,你好！我是玛丽。
Is that Jack speaking?你是杰克吗？
Who is that calling?请问是谁？
（2）this和that可作程度副词，相当于so。
Is the problem that easy?问题有那么简单吗？
It's about this high.大约这么高。
I didn't think we'd walked that far.我未从料到我们会走这么远。
（3）用于固定句式中with these words 说完这话that's to say=that is 也就是说
That's it.对啦。That's right,是的，对的。
That's all,仅此而己。That's all right.不用谢，没关系。
this way and that 这样那样 This way, please.这边走。
in this way 用这种方法That will do.够了，行了。
七、指示代词的替代作用l.that, those的替代用法
（1）that代替不可数名词和单数可数名词，特指时相当于the one。
The climate in China is much warmer than that in Russia.
中国的气候比俄罗斯的气候要温暖得多。（that代替climate）The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.
小麦的价格比大米高。（that代替the price）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
中国的人口比日本多。（that代替the population）This painting is not so good as that I saw in the gallery yesterday.
这幅油画不及我昨天在美术馆看到的那幅好。（that=the one代替painting）
（2）thos e代替复数名词，相当于theories。
The TV sets made in Shanghai are better than those made in Beijing. 上海生产的电视机比北京生产的好。（those=the ones代替television sets） The students in our class work harder than those in their class.
我们班的同学比他们班的同学学习更刻苦。（those代替the students）2 .其他替代词用法
Radios are useful for me to learn English.Td like to buy one.
收音机对我学英语很有用，我想买一台。（one替代a radio,是泛指收音机）We still have shortcomings, and they are very big ones too.
我们还有缺点，而且是很大的缺点。（ones替代shortcomings）I don't want the book on the self, I want the one on the desk.
我不想要书架上的那本书，我想要课桌上那本。（the one替代the book）The houses of the rich are generally larger than the ones of the poor. 富人的房子一般比穷人的房子大。（the ones=those替代the houses）
八、指示代词的特殊用法thos e特殊句式
（1）复数：those who意为''那些......的人们〃It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy.据说吃得最 多的人身体最差。
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in,只有期《些预先 订票的人才可以进去。
（2）单数：one who/he who 意为''那个......的人〃One who likes borrowing dislikes paying,喜欢借的人不喜欢买。
He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
1. the same的用法（1）''the same …as/that”句式
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的一模一 样。
She is the same girl that I sat next to yesterday.
她和昨天坐在我旁边的那个女孩是同一个人。
【比较】This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我遗失的那把一样。（不是同 一把小刀）
① This is the same knife that I lost.这就是我遗失的那把小刀。（是同一把 小刀）（2）''it's the same with…〃句式，表示*也是如此"。
He wants to go abroad, and it is the same with me.他想出国，我也一 样。
Butterflies come from caterpillars.It's the same with moths.
蝴蝶由毛虫演变而来。飞蛾也是一样。
2. such的用法（1）指代前面或后面提到过的某个人或某件事。
He noticed her necklace.Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought.
他注意到了她的项链。这一定值几千元，他想。
Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.
这就是电视的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。
（2）such置于句首时往往用全部倒装，表示''这样的人（或事物）；上述的人 （或事物）〃。
Such were her words.她就是这么说的。
Such is their decision.他们的决定就是这样。
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
这就是阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦，一位简朴但成就辉煌的人。
（3）''such ...as…"句式，意为''像......这样的"。
I've never heard such stories as he tells.
我从未听过他讲那样的故事。（as引导定语从句）He is such a good teacher as we all respect.
他是一位我们大家都尊敬的好老师。（as引导定语从句）
（4）''such ...that..."句式，意为''如此......以至于......〃。
It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep.
这演讲枯燥无味，听得我都睡着了。（that引导结果状语从句）He is such a dishonest boy that nobody believes him.
他是不诚实的孩子，以致没人信任他。（that引导结果状语从句）
（5）such as意为''例如，像He knows many languages, such as Chinese, German and French.
他会很多种语言，例如：中文、德文和法文。（列举其中一部分例子）Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.
举例说明，噪音就是一种污染。（举同类人或物中的''一个''为例）
（6）such a+单数名词，such +复数名词/不可数名词。
He spent all his money, he is such a fool.他真傻，花光了所有的钱。
They are such kind men.他们是如此和蔼可亲的人。
Today is such nice weather! 今天天气真好！
(7) no, alL few, many, each, every, several, other, another, one, two等要置于such之前。
All such books are interesting,这类书全都很有趣。
I have met many such people.我见过许多这样的人。
I need one such dictionary.我需要一本这样的词典。
There are no such things now.现在没有这样的事情了。
Every such possibility must be considered.所有类似的可能性都要考虑至ij。 I hope never to meet another such accident.我希望永远不要再遇上这样 的事故。
We have had several such Chinese paintings already.我们已经有好几幅 这样的中国画了。
【辨析】【正】There is no such thing, (no such 后不用 a)
【误】There is no such a thing. (no=not a)