SIS应用及相关标准演示幻灯片.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,SIS Application&Standard,SIS,应用及相关标准,1,Avoid Risks And Dangers In Your Plant By Applying Safety System,运用安全系统以规避风险和危险,高,风险,低,安全,Risk,风险,高,安全,低,风险,SIS,安全仪表系统,Definition of a Safety System,安全系统的定义,Safety systems are designed to,respond,to,conditions,of the plant,which may be,hazardous,in themselves,or,if no action,were taken could,eventually,give,rise,to a,hazard.,They must generate the,correct,outputs to,prevent,the hazard or,mitigate,the consequences.,安全系统是设计为当,工厂本身发生危险情况,，或，,如果不采取行动就会最终导致风险增加,，在这些情况下，安全系统必须产生,及时、正确的输出,，来防止任何危险发生或减轻后果。,Some common names used for Safety System:,安全系统的常用名称:,ESD Emergency Shutdown System,紧急停车系统,SIS Shutdown Interlock/Instrument System,停车连锁/仪表系统,IPS Instrument Protective System,仪表保护系统,FSSS Flue Safety Sing System,锅炉安全监视系统,FGS Fire&Gas Protective System,火和气保护系统,ITCC,Integrated Turbine&Compressor Control,综合透平压缩机控制,Safety System,安全系统,Safety System Applications,安全系统应用范围,Boiler/Burner Management Systems,锅炉/燃烧管理系统,Continuous Production Units-Refining and Petrochemical Process,连续性生产过程-炼油厂和石油化工厂,Batch Processes,批量生产过程,On-and Offshore Oil&Gas Exploration and Production Facilities,岸上/海上油/气体勘探和生产,Compressor&turbine Monitoring/Safeguard,压缩机和透平机监视/防护,Fire&Gas Detection,火和气体监测,Loading and Storage Facilities,装载/储存设备,Pipeline Safety Management Systems,管道安全管理系统,Two,Appraisement,Index,for Safety System,安全系统的两大评价指标,DependabilityCant refuse action,可靠性不能 拒动,UsabilityCant false action,可用性不能 误动,Safety Control System Theory,Standards and Attestation,安全控制系统的理论、标准和认证,Theory:,理论,Markov Modeling Methodology,MTTF,MTTR,MTBF,Standards:,标准,IEC61508,IEC61511,ANSI/ISA S84,NFPA/UL98,DIN 19250,SIL,Attestation:,认证机构,TUV,ESD SYSTEM,TV Rheinland-TV certification ensures,per DIN and IEC standards,the functionality of SIS systems for critical process applications requiring maximum safety and uninterrupted operation.The TRICON is certified for safety related applications according to:,SIL 1-3IEC 61508,Parts 1-7,Functional Safety:Safety Related Systems,IEC 61131,Part 2,Programmable Controllers-Part 2:Equipment Requirements and Tests“,AK1-8DIN 19250,Control Technology;Fundamental Safety Aspects To Be Considered for Measurement and Control Equipment,DIN V VDE 0801,Principles for Computers in Safety Related Systems,The International Safety Standards,国际安全标准,Fire and Gas Systems,NFPA 72,National Fire Alarm Code,EN54-2,Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems-Part 2:Control and Indicating Equipment“,Burner Management Systems,NFPA 8501/97,Standard for Single Burner Boiler Operation,NFPA 8502/99,Standard for the Prevention of Furnace Explosions/Implosions in Multiple Burner Boilers,DIN VDE 0116,Electric Equipment of Furnaces,The International Safety Standards,国际安全标准,The International Safety Standards,国际安全标准,TV(1984),DIN V 19250/VDE V 0801,(Germany),Risk classification 1989,风险等级1989,Safety system requirements,安全系统要求,Various national standards,各种国家标准,ANSI/ISA S84.01(USA)1996,Safety procedures,安全步骤,Safety Life Cycle,安全生命周期,Safety Integrity Levels,安全整体要求等级,NFPA/UL1998,IEC 61508,IEC 61511,Overall Safety Life Cycle,安全生命,Safety plan,/,安全计划/管理,management,Safety Integrity Levels,安全整体要求等级,Safety system diagnostic,requirements,安全系统诊断要求,Safety system,architectures and,reliability figures,安全系统和可靠性数据,The International Safety Standards,国际安全标准,IEC 61508,Safety Umbrella for the world?,Specification failures,设计技术规范不足,Design&Implementation,Failures,设计和执行出错,Installation&Commissioning,Failures,安装调试出错,Operation&Maintenance,failures,操作维护出错,Random Hardware,failures,硬/软件故障,Modification,failures,开车之后,在线修改出错,IEC 61508 Functional Safety:Safety-Related Systems,IEC 61508,功能性安全:安全有关系统,Part 1:General requirements,一般要求,IS,通过表决,Part 2:Requirements for electrical/electronic/,programmable electronic systems,IS,通过表决,电子/电气/电子可编控制器,Part 3:Software requirements,软件要求,IS,通过表决,Part 4:Definitions and abbreviations,名称定义和缩写,IS,通过表决,Part 5:Examples of methods for the determination of,IS,通过表决,safety integrity levels,列举如果制定安全等级方法,Part 6:Guidelines on the application of parts 2,3,IS,通过表决,对第二,三部分应用的说明,Part 7:Overview of techniques and measures,IS,通过表决,全面的技术和控制要求,Publication of ALL parts in June 2000,Safety Integrity Level,安全级别,4,SIL,IEC,61508,SIL,ISA,S84.01,AK,DIN-V,19250,3,2,1,-,8,5,4,3,-,7,6,1,3,2,1,-,10,100,1,000,10,000,0.1,0.01,0.001,0.0001,90,99,99.9,99.99,RRF,A(s)in%,PFD,Probability to Fail Dangerous,危险可能性,Availability for Safety Functions,安全功能可提供性,Risk Reduction Factor,降低危险因素,2,Degree of consequence,最终导致的结果,S1,:Light injury&light damages for environment,人员轻伤，设备损害,S2,:Death of 1 person,一人死亡,S3,:Death of more than 1 person,一人以上的死亡,S4,:Catastrophic result,灾难性后果,Presence in,hazardous area,人处于危险区的机率,A1,:Rarely to frequently,几乎很少,A2,:Frequently to continuously,经常性,Possibility of,failure prevention,排除故障可能性,G1,:Limited possibility,有限,G2,:Hardly possible,几乎不可能,Probability of,hazard occurrence,危险发生的概率,W1,:Very low,很低,W2,:Low,低,W3,:Relatively high,相对较高,NZRC pipeline safety solutions,安全级别参考设定,Necessary,Minimum risk,Reduction,IEC-61508,Safety Integrity,Level,No Safety Requirements,1,-,No Special Safety Requirements,SIL 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,SIL 2,SIL 3,SIL 4,A single PES is not sufficient,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,_,1,2,3,4,5,6,_,_,S1,S2,S3,S4,A1,A2,A1,A2,G1,G2,G1,G2,P3,P2,P1,Risk Graph according to:DIN V 19250&IEC-1508,风险图根据,DIN V 19250&IEC-1508,Cross Reference Between SIS Class&Standards,SIS,等级和其他标准之间的对比参考,99.999,Percent,Availability,99.99,99.90,99.00,90.00,0.00001,P.F.D.,(Probability of,Failure on Demand),0.0001,0.001,0.01,0.1,ANSI/ISA,S84.01,3,IEC 1508,TUV Class,(AK),Din V,19250,SIL,2,1,4,3,2,1,AK8,AK6,AK7,AK5,AK3,AK4,AK2,AK1,8,6,7,5,3,4,2,1,Lifecycle of the Safety System,安全系统的生命周期,Bold areas are ANSI/S84.01 concerns,S84 covers all aspects of the SIS design:,-,R&D,-PHA,-Design,-Installation,-Operation and,Maintenance,-,Decommissioning,Conceptual,Process Design,Perform Process Hazard Analysis,&Risk Assessment,Apply non-SIS protection layers to prevent identified hazards or reduce risk.,SIS required?,Develop Safety,Requirements,Specification,YES,NO,Pre-Start-up Safety Review Assessment,SIS,Decommissioning,Perform SIS,Detail Design,Conceptual Process Design,Define target SIL,Modify,Decommission,Start,Perform SIS,Conceptual,Design,&Verify,it meets the SRS,SIS installation,commissioning,and pre-startup,acceptance test.,Establish Operation,&Maintenance,Procedures,SIS start-up,operation,maintenance,periodic functional,testing.,Modify or,Decommission,SIS?,R&D,PHA,DESIGN,INSTALLATION,DECOMMISIONING,OPERATION&MAINTENANCE,Impact of Voting Schemes on Safety&Availability,表决结构在安全性和可用性上的冲突,Availability,Safety/Availability,TMR,Safety,1,oo2/1oo2D,2,oo2,Proof-testing Interval,Increased Frequency,Integrity Level Vs Availability,安全等级和可用性要求,Availability Required,ISA S84,3,99.90-99.99%,99.00-99.90%,1,90.00-99.00%,2,Integrity Level,IEC,61508,4,99.99%,Definitions of Safety Layers,安全层的定义,SIL,Process Control System,过程控制系统,Process,equipment,过程设备,Alarms/operator,警报/操作员,E/E/PES Safety Related System,E/E/PES,安全有关系统,Mechanical Safety Layers,机械安全层,Hazop,Safety Integrity Levels-Chemical Industry Assessment,石化行业安全等级的评估,“4”-,Catastrophic Community Impact.,灾难性的社会影响,“3”-Employee and Community Protection.,人员和社会的保护,“2”-Major Property and Production Protection.Possible injury to employee.,主要财产和生产的保护，对人员存在可能的伤害。,“1”-Minor Property and Production Protection.,次要财产和生产的保护,TUV,TUV stands for a rather long German name,Tecnischer Uberwachungs-Verein Rheinland,e.V,.,TUV,标准有一个很长的名字,Tecnischer,Uberwachungs-Verein,Rheinland,e.V,.,It is the only independent third party agency in the world that certifies safety instrumented systems(SIS).,这是一个独立的第三方的机构，为安全仪表系统（,SIS,）进行认证。,TUV Rheinland is approved and authorized by law as a technical inspectorate,TUV,是经过法律批准的技术检查机构。,If the product is tested and meets the strict technical and performance requirements,it is approved and certified for Classes(AK)1-8.,如果产品经过测试，满足严格的技术和性能要求，它就获得,AK 1-8,级认证。,TUV,TUV has certified many different voting architectures in logic solvers e.g.1oo2,1oo2D,1oo3,2oo3 and 2oo3D.,在逻辑表决方面，,TUV,认证了很多不同的表决结构，例如：,1oo2,1oo2D,1oo3,2oo3 and 2oo3D,TUV will certify and approve the logic solver for the appropriate Class of safety service 1-7.,TUV,认证和批准逻辑表决器为适当的安全等级,1-7,级。,The safety system use request of TUV Standard asked,TUV,标准对安全系统的使用要求,TUV Certified Report:,www.tuv-,TUV,认证报告,System Safety Use Manually,系统安全使用手册,Same key request for safety system,TUV,对安全系统使用的一些关键要求：,Security of the safety system,安全系统的安全性,Availability of the safety system,安全系统的可使用率,Execute time of the safety system,安全系统执行时间,The restrict for Self-diagnose,bestrow,rate and Self-diagnose time of the safety system,安全系统的自诊断覆盖率及自诊断时间性限制,Degrade run and time restrict of the safety system,安全系统的降级运行及时间的限制,Restrict request of TUV,TUV,的限制性要求,All products certified by TUV,must meet general and especial restrict request when it running.,所有经过,TUV,认证的产品，都有在运行时其应满足的“一般和特殊的限制”要求。,The common restrict of TUV requests clearly:All Class 5 and Class 6 Safety system cant run in single mode.,TUV,的“一般限制”非常明确的要求：所有,Class 5 and Class 6,级的安全系统不能以单通道的模式工作,Redundancy Safety System,冗余的安全系统,Advance the security and usability of the safety system,提高安全系统的可靠性、可用性,Achieve the restrict request that the safety standard requested to safety system,达到安全标准对安全控制系统的限制性要求,Markov Modeling Methodology,MTTF,:Mean Time To Failure,平均无故障时间,MTTR,:Mean Time To Repair,平均修复时间,MTBF,:Mean Time Between Failure,平均故障间隔时间,MTBF =MTTF+MTTR,Failure Rate,:,=1/MTTF,故障率,Availability,=MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR),可用性,#MIL-HDBK-217E:Parts Count Reliability Prediction,EXAMPLE:,One Module containing two boards,Each having 20 of the same 2K by 8 static,RAMs,.,=0.14,20 RAM X 0.14=2.8 Failures Per Million Hours,2.8+2.8=5.6 Failures Per Million Hours,MTTF=1000000/5.6 Hours=178571 Hours,MTTF=20 Years,Markov Modeling Methodology,SINGLE SYSTEM,A:Availability is the probability that a system is operational at any,instant of time A=MTTF/MTBF,R:Reliability is defined as the probability of a system performing a,specific function without failure.R=Exp(-,t),Reliability is the probability that a system will work properly for,the time period required by the process being controlled.,REDUNDANT SYSTEM,A:,R:,C:Diagnostic Coverage represents the percentage of all faults a system can,successfully detect and recover from.,Redundant system 90%-95%,TMR system 99%,Markov Modeling Methodology,Markov Modeling Methodology,Markov Modeling Methodology,FAIL SAFETY SYSTEM,In a system analysis,Controller failures can be classified as safe failures or dangerous failures.,-Dangerous failures are those in which the controller fails such that the process being controlled cannot shutdown safely.FD=1-FS,-A safety system must fail to a predetermined state and shutdown the process safely.FS,Markov Modeling Methodology,Partitioning of SIS Element Failures,Four Failure Rate Partitions,