高一英语Unit-5--Theme-parks人教实验版知识精讲.doc

高一英语Unit 5 Theme parks人教实验版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 5 Theme parks
1. 词汇：charge, various, cost, such … that …,
2. 难句理解：
3. 语法：构词法

二. 重、难点讲解
词汇
1. charge vt.
1）要价， 索价； 要人支付；收费
They all charge money for admission, and for the rides and shows in the park.
I’m not going there again —— They charged （me）15 yuan for a cup of tea!
我再也不到那儿去了——一杯茶要了我15块钱。
2）charge … to / up to…记账；在账册上记入……
Don’t forget to charge the money of the shoes to my account. 别忘了把鞋钱记在我帐上。
3）猛冲；攻击；向前冲
The children charged into the playground. 孩子们冲进操场。
4）charge … with …责令；公开指责；控诉
The police charged the driver with careless driving. 警察指控那个司机开车粗心。
5）命令；使负责
She charged me to look after her daughter. 她要我负责看管她的女儿。
6）使充电 charge a battery
Dose your car battery charge easily? 你那辆车的蓄电池容易充电吗？
charge n.
1）费用；价钱；索价
The charge for a front-row seat is $3. 前排座位的票价每张三美元。
2）责任；管理；照管
in charge of 主管，负责，
He is in charge of the task. 他负责这项任务。
He is a doctor in charge. 他是主治大夫。
Mr. Smith works here, in charge of the factory. 史密斯先生在这儿工作，主管这家工厂。
in the charge of 由 …… 负责/主管
This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green. 这间病房是由格林大夫负责的。
The task is in the charge of Comrade Li. 这项工作由李同志负责。
3）控诉；指控；控告
He was arrested on a charge of murder. 他因控告有谋杀而被逮捕。
4）充电
The battery is on charge.

2. various
vary v. 不同；改变；使不同；使有变化
variety n. 变化性；多种多样；种种；种类
various adj 不同的；种种的
e.g. 1）Houses vary in size. 房屋大小不同。
2）The weather varies from hour to hour. 天气时时在变化。
3）We all need variety in our diet. 我们需要饮食的多样化。
4）They didn’t complete the project for various reasons. 他们没完成这项工程有种种原因。
5）They find various ways to meet this need. 他们找到满足需要的不同方法。
词组：
a variety of 各种各样
the variety of … 的品种；… 的种类
1）A variety of toys are on show in the shop. 那家商店展出了各种各样的玩具。
2）He collects a variety of stamps 他收集了多种多样的邮票。
3）These new parks have a variety of things to see and do.
这些新公园有各种各样的事物可看可做。
4）The variety of books he has is astonishing. 他的藏书品种令人吃惊。
3. cost v. 花钱； 使失去 (cost , cost)
sth. cost (sb.) time / money 某物花费某人时间 / 金钱
sth. cost sb. sth. 某事使某人失去 ……
e.g. 1）It costs little or no money to go to them.
2）His careless driving cost him his life.
cost, spend, take, pay, buy
Sth. cost (sb.) some money.
Sb. pay some money for sth.
Sb. spend some money / time on / (in) doing sth.
It takes sb. some money / time to do sth.
Sb. buy sth. for some money.
练习：这台电脑花了我8000元。
4. such … that …
对比：

e.g. They are such huge places that visitors often use shuttles to get around.
The tennis is such a popular game that people all over the world play it.
His English was so limited that he couldn’t understand what the native speakers said.
他的英语水平太有限，不能理解英国本土人所说的话。
He is such an honest person that you can depend on him when you’re in trouble.
He is so honest a person that you can depend on him when you’re in trouble.
2）so many / much / few / little + n. + that …
The Westerners eat so much fat and sugar that they put on weight easily.
The country has so little coal that it has to import large quantities of coal.
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters
couldn’t get close to the building.
There are so few fish in the pool that we can’t fish them easily.
难句理解
1. Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while.
公园为人们提供自我娱乐的场所，使人们从繁忙的工作中解脱出来轻松一下。
provide vt. 提供；供应；
provide sb. sth. / provide sth. to sb. / provide sb. with sth. / provide sth for sb.
e.g. We provided them food and shelter. 我们给他们提供食物和藏身之处。
His firm provide him with a car.
I must provide food and clothes to / for my family. 我必须给家人提供衣食。
amuse v. 使（某人）消遣； 逗（某人）笑
I did some crosswords to amuse myself on the journey. 旅途中，为消遣我玩纵横字谜。
We were greatly amused at / by Ma Sanli’s cross talk. 我们都被马三立的相声逗笑了。
amusement n. 娱乐品；娱乐活动
China’s Cultural Theme Park offers its visitors a variety of amusement.
中华民族园为游人提供了各种各样的娱乐项目。
while n. a period of time （一段）时间
He worked as a teacher for a while before studying education.
他学教育之前当过一段老师。
2. They are more than amusement parks with rides, such as Ferris wheel, merry-go-round or a roller coaster.
它们不止是那些配备像摩天轮、旋转木马、过山车这些骑乘设施的游乐园。
Theme parks —— fun and more than fun 主题公园 —— 是娱乐，又不仅仅是娱乐
fun n. (U) 有趣的人或物； 娱乐；乐趣；玩笑
make fun of 开玩笑，逗乐 We are making fun of him. 我们在和他开玩笑。
for fun 取笑地，非认真地 I said it only for fun. 我是说着玩的。
have fun 玩得开心 Have fun at the party tonight. 祝你在晚会上玩得开心。
great fun 很有趣的人或事 Our history teacher is great fun. 我们历史老师很有趣。
more than 本句的意思是： “不止……； 多于……”
This book is more than a grammar. 这不止是一本语法书。
more … than …与其说 …… 不如说……
He is more frightened than hurt. 与其说他伤着了，不如说他吓着了。
more than 后接形容词或副词， 表示 “很，非常 ”
We are more than happy to show you around Beijing. 我们非常乐意带你到北京到处看看。

3. In these parks , people sit chatting, play games, listen to birds’ singing, or just relax a bit.
在这些公园里，人们围座聊天，或玩游戏，或听鸟鸣，或放松休闲。
4. The big companies that own theme parks expect to make a profit not just by the charge for admission, but also by selling souvenirs in their shops and advertising them on television.
这些经营主题公园的大公司，不仅仅希望通过卖门票而且还靠商店卖纪念品和在电视上作广告来获得利润。
5. The past can come to life when we see how our ancestors dressed, worked and lived.
当看到我们的祖先是如何穿着打扮、工作和生活的时候，历史就鲜活地呈现在我们面前。

6. Others show us how special groups of people dress today, what they eat and what their homes look like.
另一些公园则向我们展示了现在一些特殊人群的穿着，他们吃什么以及他们的家什么样的。
7. We might go for rides on animals, help cook cultural foods or have our pictures taken in the clothing of emperors or of minority people.
我们可以骑着动物游玩，帮忙烹饪具有文化特色的食物，或者身着皇帝或少数民族的服装拍照。
8. Disneyland has exciting rides, visits to castles and chances to get close to life-size cartoon figures.
迪斯尼乐园有令人兴奋的骑乘活动、城堡参观，还有机会靠近真人大小的卡通人物。
9. There are also science theme parks where visitors can take an active part in experiments, and there are future parks, where people can go on imaginary trips to space and use advanced computer techniques to experience life in the future.
还有科学主题公园，在那儿，人们可以积极参加科学实验。还有未来公园，在那里人们可以进行虚拟的太空旅行，或利用先进的电脑技术体验未来生活。

三. 构词法
sunlight We’ll visit the Science Museum tomorrow.
life-size He paid a visit to our city.
technology-based e-mail
disappear IT
amusement hi-tech
1. 转化
一个单词由一词类转化成另一类而词形不变。这种构词法主要有以下几种情况：
1）名词转化成动词 chair ( n.椅子 v.主持) hand (n.手 v.上交)
land (n.土地 v.着陆) cook (n.厨师 v.烹调)
2）形容词转化成动词 calm (adj.安静的 v.使安静) cool (adj.凉快的 v.冷却)
clean (adj.干净的 v.使干净)
3）形容词转化为名词 cold (adj.冷的 n.感冒) back (adj.后面的 n.背部)
4）形容词转化为副词 deep (adj.深的 adv.深地) wide (adj.宽的 adv.广泛地)
2. 派生法
前缀
1）表示否定意义的前缀：
dis- dishonest, dislike, disappear, discourage, disagree
in- (il-, im-, ir-) invisible, incomplete, incorrect, illegal, impossible, impatient, irregular
un- unable, unemployment, unfit, unfair, unknown, unlimited
non- non- conductor, non-smoker, non-stop,
2）re- 重新、再 reuse replace
3）mis- 误 misunderstand mislead
4）sub- 下面的 subway
5）tele- 强调距离 telephone telescope
6）inter- 互相 internet
7）en- 使 enjoy enable enrich

后缀
1）常用名词后缀
-ment -tion - ness -ship amusement, combination, illness, friendship
-ist -er -or -ese - ian artist, worker, visitor, Chinese, musician
2）常用形容词后缀
-al -able -ful -ive -less -ous -y -ish natural, reasonable, wonderful, selfish, creative, courageous, windy, careless
3）常用动词后缀
-en -fy -ize widen frighten beautify realize

【模拟试题】
一. 构词法
1. 用：re-, dis-, un-, non-, 或in-填空
1）_____ build 2）_____ like 3）_____ comfortable
4）_____ visible 5）_____ driver
2. 用方框内词汇加上适当的前缀完成句子。
open lock appear smoker correct
1）The children were here a minute ago, but now they’ve ____________.
2）It’s closed for the summer, but it will ____________in September.
3）John was so careless that he left the door___________ when he went out for a walk last night.
4）We are _________because we are middle school students.
5）This problem is so difficult that most of us give _________ answers.
3. 写出构成新名词的原名词、形容词或动词：
后缀 动词/名词/形容词 形式
例如：-er paint painter
-er ————————————- driver
-or ————————————-- visitor
-ese ————————————-- Chinese
-ian ————————————- historian
-ist ————————————- novelist
-ment ————————————-- development
-ness ————————————- happiness
-tion ————————————-- invention
4. 写出构成新形容词的原词：
后缀 原词 形式
例如：-al nation national
-an ————————————-- Italian
-able ————————————-- reasonable
-ful ————————————-- helpful
-ing ————————————- tiring
-ive ————————————- active
-y ————————————-- cloudy
5. 根据句意，用括号中单词的同根词填空。
1）To his pleasure, he received an _______________ (invite) to a dinner party.
2）It is a ________ (shameful) to do an injury to a person.
3）The famous _________ (music) will make an appearance soon.
4）Last year Jack visited Beijing for the_________ (eight) time and his wife for the ________ (nine) time.
5）Does the ________ (science) know the weight of an atom?
6）________ (Europe) make it a rule to buy _______ (Christ) presents for their friends.
7）Which subject do you like better, ________ (chemical) or _______ (physical)?
8）Is the foreigner a _________ (Germany) or an _________ (Italy)?

二. 阅读理解
Everyone has good days and bad days.
Sometimes , you feel as if you are on top of the world. But occasionally you feel horrible, and you lose things and you cannot focus on your schoolwork.
For more than 20 years, scientists have suggested that high self-esteem(自尊) is the key to success. Now, new research shows that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. In some cases, having high self-esteem can bring bad results if it makes you less likeable or more upset when you fail at something.
“Forget about self-esteem,” says Jennifer Crocker, a psychologist (心理学家) at the University of Michigan, US. “It’s not the important thing.”
Feeling good
Crocker’s advice may sound a bit strange because it is good to feel good about yourself.
Studies show that people with high self-esteem are less likely to be depressed, anxious, shy, or lonely than those with low self-esteem.
But, after reviewing about 18,000 studies on self-esteem, Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida State University, has found that building up your self-esteem will not necessarily make you a better person.
He believes that violent and wicked ( 邪恶的) people often have the high self-esteem of all. He also said: “There’s no evidence that kids with high self-esteem do better in school.”
Problems
All types of people have problems. People with high self-esteem can have big egos (自我) that can make them less likeable to their peers (同龄人)， said Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at Columbia University.
People with high self-esteem tend to think more of themselves, Vohs says. People with low self-esteem are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help.
What to do
Researchers say it is best to listen to and support other people. Find positive ways to contribute to society. If you fail at something try to learn from the experience. “The best therapy is to recognize your faults,” Vohs says, “It’s OK to say, ‘I’m not so good at that,’ and then move on.”
1. The new research comes to the conclusion that high self-esteem ______________.
A. is not important at all
B. has taken on a different meaning
C. may not be the key to success
D. does not help you do better at school
2. One of the conclusions of the new research is that ______________.
A. feeling good about oneself doesn’t mean you lead a happier life
B. people with high esteem usually do not seek other’s help
C. people with high self-esteem tend to be proud
D. people with low self-esteem are often more popular
3. The underlined part “a better person” in the passage probably means a person who is ________.
A. helpful and supportive B. gentle and modest
C. likeable and successful D. friendly and kind
4. From the text, we can infer the best therapy mentioned in the last paragraph is mainly for people_____________.
A. with high self-esteem
B. with low self-esteem
C. of all kinds
D. who are focusing on building self-esteem

【试题答案】
一. 构词法：
1. 1）rebuild 2）dislike 3）uncomfortable 4）invisible 5）non-driver
2. 1）disappeared 2）reopen 3）unlocked 4）non-smokers 5）incorrect
3. 1）drive 2）visit 3）China 4）history 5）novel
6）develop 7）happy 8）invent
4. 1）Italy 2）reason 3）help 4）tire 5）act
6）cloud
5. 1）invitation 2）shame 3）musician 4）eighth, ninth 5）scientist
6）European, Christmas 7）chemistry, physics 8）German, Italian

二. 阅读理解：
1—4 ABDC