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第五章STR自动分型(STR automatic typing)校准运行仪器自动分析和 序列分析 软件自动分析和 SeqScape 序列比向 软件自动分析和 片段分析国际上通用的法医STR分型等位基因通过PCR产物的长度来区分Al l el e PCR pr oductkbM 1 2 3 4 5 MTHO1vWFm PLA2A FES/FPS ACTBP2 FABPF13AO1TPOX右为 2012WZ65-5,2012WZ65-6.琼脂糖凝胶电泳(Agarose gel electrophoresis)聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)Exampl es of DNA in the News2001“911”,New Yor k2008 Wenchuan Ear thquakeSTR自动化分型的优势 扩增片段多在400bp以下,适合法医生物检材的特点;STR在人类基因组(genome)中分布广泛、多态性好;扩增效率高,阳性检出率大;突变率低;基因频率(Gene fr equency)分布比较平均 基因座杂合度(heter ozygos i ty)0.8 个人识别能力(Per sona I i dent i f i cat i on)0.9 易于实现DNA分型的自动化、标准化和信息化;快速、灵敏、准确、稳定、重复性好 易于实现实验室间的比对PCR-STRDNA提取(DNA extr action)PCR扩增PCR(amplification)PAGE银染从左到右:2012WZ8 2.2012Vz8 3High-Thr oughput STR Typing on the ABI 3100(16-capil l ar y ar r ay)SOCM)-UJUO3000 _Jj Li-J j ij LiiiU】Jl 11 Jl A山 JLi 1 A M 1 1 1IdODDO _ 8000 _ 7000 _ BOCM _ 6000 _ 300 _ 3000 _ 2000 _ 1OOO _/i一山dkl hJuL1 MTODO _ 800 _ SOOO _*4000 3000 _Ai Jl j JJMlnill IAeooo _ 7000 _ OOOO _ 6000 _-4000 _ 3000 _ 2000 _ 1OOO _u mJlIi三山MJil11一J1256 data points in 45 minutes withSTR 16plex and 16 capillaries,三【JIJ nU Jli ill I人lb21DO _三mjLi!J ubJULlki11 111JOOJ CO1JOO.12676?OOnsj.J 20632G60.30092G”6?75OOOOOO _ 8000 _ 7000 _ BOCM1 _-woo _ 3DtX _ 2000 _1OOO _11 Jl 1 uU 1 1 A山皿放Jl 一”6山U 乂 Jh L卜第一节荧光标记STR复合扩增(Fl uor escent tags STR composite ampl ification)常用的复合扩增方法有御:银染系统Silver stainDYS19 DYS385 DYS389 DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS437从左到右:2012WZ8-2,2012WZ8-3荧光标记SIBt动检测系统fluorescent tags SIR autcmatic detection system)Methods for Par al l el Sampl e Pr ocessingMul tipl ex by SizeMul tipl ex by Dye Col orMul tipl ex by Number of Capil l ar ies方法单基因座扩增多基因座复合扩增Single geneanpl i fication)银染检测荧光毛细管 电泳检测激光诱导荧光染料显带自动分析(La3er induced fluorescence dye with automatic analysis)荧光染料标记在每个基因座中 一条引物的5端,不同基因座引物标 记不同的荧光标识物。经过扩增后 的等位基因产物均携有荧光,电泳 分离长度等位基因,用荧光扫描系 统对凝胶检测。按照荧光的颜色区 别基因座,根据片段的迁移率确定 片段长度等位基因。引物5,端标记法Template应用:引物的端标记DNA migrationnrv applied to n cnpilhio gvl mid flubjectcd to d ectrophoFM i。Dye-labeled ncgmnnU of DNA,copied from tcmplntc with unknown iMKiucncr扩增片段不重叠的基 因座使用相同的荧光 标记物Luifcor bcAmDc*Udor扩增片段重叠的基因 座使用不同的荧光标 记物各基因座等位基因根 据片段的电泳位置及 荧光颜色而区分商品化试剂盒(Commer cial kits)数据库建设、实验室间比对自行设计STR基因座组合关键点和难点弓I物(pr imer s)的选择荧光染料标记复合扩增条件的优化引物选择生物秀实验频道 引物13 GAACTTT55,-GGATCTAGCGTATGCTTGAAA3 橙析DNA3CCTAGATCGCATACGAACTTT55 GGATCTA _3,引物2多态性好 核心重复序列(Cor e r epetitive sequence)规律片段大小符合法医学应用引物的退火温度相似可以检测的荧光超过10种DYEAbsor ption MAX(nm)Emission MAX(nm)Rel ati IntensityFil ter Set AFil ter Set CFil ter Set DFil ter Set FFil ter SetG55-FAM494530100bl ue6-FAM494522100bl uebl uebl uebl ueIbl521538100gr eenJOE52855450gr eengr eenHEX53555350yel l owgr eenVIC538554100gr eenNED54657540yel l owyel l owyel l owTAM RA56058325yel l owr edROX58760725r edr edr edPET55859525r edLIZ63865550or angeJ-U,_U,UO_XX.tsaldentitiler_*/16-FAMID8sli79|D21sli|D7s820|ICSF1P0)-07_07_F05_XX.fsa|D3sl 358ldentifiler_/1ITH01VIC1ID16S539|D2sl 338口 ID13S31707_F05_XX.fsaIdentifiler_v1豆IENED|D19s433PETIdentifiler|A773000)-07_07_F05_XX.fsa20000|D5s818300而|2歪4|荧光染料选择的原则片段大小相同的基因座标记不同种类的荧光,片段大小不同的基因座标记同一种荧光同一种荧光标记的基因座等位基因之间相差在 10bp以上,差值不应为4的整倍数组合荧光染料的发射波长相差越大越好,通常20-30nm法医DNA实验室常用的STR复合扩增系统4色或者5色荧光标记一分子量内标DNA片段(ROX或LIZ)-余下的3 or 4种标记STR基因座16个STR/种复合扩增条件的优化 引物(pr imes)浓度以及引物之间的混合比例 退火温度(Anneal ing Temper atur e)的选择 延伸温度(Str etching temper atur e)和循环(cycl e)的时间 镁离子(Mg2+似及dNTP的浓度单基因座扩增的条件预变性(Initial denatur ation)97,5min变性(denaturat i on)95,45s:35延伸(str etch)72,45s,退火(anneal ing)59,45sABI ID试剂盒的扩增条件HID试剂盒2004年 Quantifier和Quantifier Y定量试剂盒AmpFCSTR Identifil er 试齐!J盒Ampl ified Loci:Locus DesignationChromosome LocationAlleles Included in Identifiler Allelic LadderDye LabelControl DNA 9947AD8S117988,9 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,196-FAM13aD21S1121q11.2-q2124,24.2,25,26,27,28,28.2,29,29.2,30,30.2,31,31.2,32,32.2,33,33.2,34,34.2,35,35.2,36,37,3830bD7S8207q11.21-226,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,1510;11CSF1PO5q33.3-346,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,1510,12D3S13583P12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19VIC14,15TH0111p15.54,5,6,7,8,9,9.3,10,11,13.38,9.3D13S31713q22-318,9,10,11,12,13,14,1511cD16S53916q24-qter5,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,1511,12D2S13382q35-37.115,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,2819,23Ampl币ed Loci:(continued)Locus DesignationChromosome LocationAlleles Included in Identifiler Allelic LadderDye LabelControl DNA 9947AD19S43319q12-13.19,10,11,12,12.2,13,13.2,14,14.2,15,15.2,16,16.2,17,17.2NED14,15vWA12p12-pter11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,2417,18TPOX2p23-2per6,7,8,9,10,11,12,138dD18S5118q21.37,9,10,10.2,11,12,13,13.2,14,14.2,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24.25,26,2715,19Amel ogeninX:p22.1-22.3Y:p11.2X,YPETXD5S8185q21-317,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1611FGA4q2817,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,26.2,27,28,29,30,30.2,31.2,32.2,33.2,42.2,43.2,44.2,45.2,46.2,47.2,48,2,50.2,51.223,24Kit componentComponentDescriptionVolumeAmpFdSTR PCRReaction MixTwo tubes containing MgCI2,deoxynucl eotide tr iphosphates,and bovine ser um al bumin in buffer with 0.05%sodium azide1.1 mL/tubeAmpFSTR Identifil er Pr imer SetOne tube containing fl uor escentl y l abel ed pr imer s and non-l abel ed pr imer s1.1 mLAmpl iTaq Gol d目 DNA Pol ymer aseTwo tubes of enzyme with an activity of 5 U/rL50 uL/tube AmpRSTW Contr ol DNA 9947AOne tube containing 0.10 ng/uL human femal e cel l l ine DNA in 0.05%sodium azide and buffer(r efer to pages 1-4 and 1-5 for pr ofil e)0.3 mLAmpFISTW Identifil er Al l el ic LadderOne tube of AmpFZSTR Identifil er Al l el ic Ladder containing ampl ified al l el es.See the tabl e on pages 1-4 and 1-5 for a l ist of al l el es incl uded in the al l el ic l adder50 uL 目前AB公司专门正对中国人群的DNA多态性开发了名为“AmpHSTRSinofil er 的试剂盒,用多态性较好 的“DI2s391和“D6S1043”取代了 aAmpFSTR Identifil er试剂盒中的“TPOX”和“TH01”。荧光染料分子的大小、形状会改变DNA.染料 结合物的总体大小。,篇暮簪廿上的离子电荷,会改变结合 物的电荷质量比。-荧光染料会影响STR等位基因的电泳迁移率(El ectr ophor etic mobil ity)o等位基因分型标准(Ladder):需要标记同样的荧光染料,以消除荧光染料对迁移率(mobil ity)的影响。STR自动分型高效 荧光标记复合扩增毛细管电泳检测准确确定等位基因稳定基因分型图谱数据重复性好
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