初三英语知识点整理.doc

初三英语知识点整理
7A 1-2
1. be on the school basketball team
2. at weekends=at the weekend
3. link-verb:
感官：（。。。上去）look, sound, taste, smell, feel
变得：become, get, grow, turn, go
不变：stay, remain, keep
*seem, appear
感官动词后接形容词
如：The music sounds good.
*I feel well. (well=healthy a. )
4. How do you say that in English?
5. 玩的愉快Have a good time/have fun/enjoy oneself +doing …
6. 两个：both, either, neither
三个：all, every, none
7. yàies
studyàstudies (y前为辅音)
8. I am always hard-working.
I always work hard.
àbe动词后，实义动词前
9. would like to do =want to do
would like sb. to do =want sb. to do
10. too much water 不可数名词
much too fat 贬义形容词
11. a (great/large) number of books
a great deal of water
12. say hi 说话内容
speak English 语言
talk: 1) talk with/to sb. about sth.
2) have a talk
tell 1) tell sb. about sth.
2) tell sb. to do
3) tell a lie, the truth, a story,
4) tell the difference between A and B
13. look at 看
see 看见， 明白
watch: 1) watch birds 观察
2) watch a football game 看在动的东西
Read:1) 读
2) for information a) read the map b) read the website
14. v. open<->close
a. open<->closed
亲密的 close a.
15. each 个体（each of）
every 整体
_______ of the students is here.
A. everyone
B. every one
C. each
[B, C]
àevery one of =each of 其中每一个
16. It is time for sth.
It is time to do …
17. a book of mine
7A 3-4
1. 以ly, ing, ed结尾的形容词通常加more, the most
例如：more quickly
more excited
2. Western restaurants 西方的 （大写W）
western countries 地理位置 （小写w）
3. up词组整理
1) 表示程度 clean …up
eat…up
mop…up
2) dress up as 乔装打扮
meet up with 约见
call sb. up=call sb.
4. on a cold morning
on the morning of October 31st
5. –You have a nice watch.
-Thanks. I bought it yesterday.
-How I wish to have one like it.
6. a boring film –ing修饰物（主动：令人。。。的）
I feel bored. （修饰人，被动：感到。。。的）
7. across 横穿
1) walk across the street
2) walk across/over the bridge
3) The bridge is six meters across.
Through 内部穿过 walk through the forest
有困难 Walk through the desert
抽象的 Go through my mind
8. on, at
At Christmas
On Christmas eve
On Teachers’ day
9. some的用法
1) Would you like…=Do you want
2) Can I have …
3) What about/How about
10. exercise 的用法
1) 练习题(可数)
Maths exercises
*exercise books (名词修饰名词第一个名词用单数)
2) 锻炼（不可数）
Do more exercise, then you will be slim.
*do morning/eye exercises表示种类可数
3）v.
11. need用法
1）情态动词 need do àneedn’t do
2) 实义动词 need to do àdon’t need to do
*I ____ any water.
A. needn’t B. don’t need
[B]情态动词必须与谓语动词连用才能加宾语
3）物做主语时
Sth. Need doing =sth. Need to be done
The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered.
12. how long时间
How far距离
How often =how many times+范围
How soon多久以后（in+一段时间）
13. people 复数名词谓语动词用复数
民族 a people
56 peoples
a person àpersons
14.
1) lie, lied, lied 说谎
2) lie, lay, lain 躺
3）lay, laid, laid 放，下蛋
15. there be 就近原则 “有“
7A 5-6
1. 介词后doing
常用介词about, for, of, with, without, at
2. 花费
1) I spend 10 yuan on the book. =(in) buying the book.
I spend 10 minutes on the book. =(in) buying the book.
2) The book cost me 10 yuan. /ten minutes. (cost, cost, cost)
The work cost me one hour/one dollar to finish.
3) It takes me 10 minutes to walk home.
4) I paid 10 yuan for the book.
*Pay the bill/pay the debt
3. 物match物
物fit 人
The tie matches the shirt.
The tie fits him.
4. win赢得, beat 打败
win the match à物
beat him à人
5. thank you 的回答
It’s my pleasure.
Not at all.
You are welcome.
6. Sorry的回答
Never mind.
It doesn’t matter.
That’s OK.
It’s nothing.
7. high, highly; wide, widely; deep, deeply
没有ly的通常表示具体的地理位置
有ly的通常表示抽象的概念
The bird flies high in the sky.
He is highly praised
*It is widely used.
He is deeply loved by the girl.
8. to, for的区别
to 向。。。， 往。。。
for 为了
pass the cup to me
buy the book for me
9. an electrical shop
10. 目前
Now=at present=at the moment
11. 立刻，马上
At once=right now=right away
12. try on the dress=try the dress on=try it on
名词随便放，代词放中间
13. enough water/books
good enough/well enough
14. That dress is expensive/cheap.
The price of that dress is high/low.
15. her short black hair
形状颜色国籍材料
16. –en结尾的形容词
Wooden, woolen, golden
17. 比较级，最高级
I. 形式
1) cheap, cheaper, the cheapest(副词前的the可以省略)
2) fat, fatter, the fattest
3) heavy, heavier, the heaviest
4) beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful (大于等于三个音节，以ly, ed, ing结尾的单词)
5) 特殊
Good/well, better, the best
Bad/ill, worse, the worst
Far, farther/further, the farthest/furthest
Little, less, the least
Much/many, more, the most
II. 比较级题眼
1) 两个东西做比较
2) Than
3) Much, even, far 后
*Which is ____, CJ or Hh?[longer]
Which is ____river, CJ or Hh?[the longer]
Which is _____one of the two rivers?[the longer]
III. 最高级题眼
1) 》=三个东西
2) The
3) 介词加范围
4) One of 后
One of my best friends
IV. 特殊用法
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
越。。。， 就越。。。
18.
(1) hope的用法
1) hope to do =want to do
2) hope that sb. will/can do
My parents ____me to be a doctor. [A]
A. wanted B. hoped
(2) wish
a) wish you a happy holiday
b) wish to do
c) wish sb. to do =expect sb. to do
*except(除了)， expect(期待)， expert (专家)
19. 也
I am lazy, too.
I am also lazy.
I am lazy as well.
I am not lazy, either. 也不
20. 穿
(1) Put on 穿上（动作）
Wear 穿着（状态）
Be in +颜色， 衣服（穿着）
(2) dress的用法
Dress up 乔装打扮
Dress up as 乔装成
Get dressed 穿好衣服
Dress sb. 给某人穿衣服
àhairdresser n. 理发师
(3) The coat looks good on me.
I look good in the coat.
21. in the 1980s 20世纪80年代（1980-1989）
*Oct. 31st (October the thirty-first)
the 31st of October
22. –ing主动 （物）
-ed被动 （人）
Cooked food
23. 不定代词的用法
1) –thing, -body, -one
2) 都为单数
3) 形容词后置
We don’t have _____. I still need some more candy. [everything]
Anything else
24. 情态动词
1) 常见：should （ought to doàought not to do , must, may, can, need*. Shall, might, dare敢于
2) 后接动词原级
3) may do àmay not do 否定在其后加not
4) 猜测
Must be àcan be/may beàcan’t be
5) may有礼貌 can, can’t 没礼貌
25. first, then, next, afterwards, finally
8A 1-3
1. test n. 测试（小，非正式）
exam =examination n. 考试（正式）
final n. 决赛semi-final 半决赛
2. miss
1) 错过 miss the bus
2) 想念 miss her
3) 丢了 go（be） missing, get(be) lost, be gone
3. fit
1) The purse fits the bag. 钱包可以放在包里。
2) fit me well
3) be fit =be healthy
4) be fit for sth. =be fit to do sth. 合适做某事
4. pleased<->pleasant
5. heroes, mangoes(mangos), tomatoes, potatoes
6. try to do 尝试
*try doing 没有任何难度的尝试
try tasting the cake
manage to do 尝试并成功
be able to do 有能力并成功
can do 有能力
7. with sth.
by doing sth.
I open the door with the key/by using the key.
8. join的用法
1) join the club
join the army
join us
àjoin (become a member)
2) join in +activities
join in the party
9. agree
1) agree with sb. about sth.
2) agree to do
3) an agreement 一份协议
10. end
1) in the end =at last=finally
2) at the end of
3) by the end of last year (过去完成时)
11. to do
1) I went there to go shopping. 目的
2) I arrived only to find it missing. (结果)
12. 反身代词
1)themselves, herself, itself, himself, myself, yourself, ourselves, yourselves
2) enjoy oneself
3) help oneself to sth. 自便吃。。。, 请随意
4）by oneself =alone=on one’s own
5) teach oneself =learn by oneself
6) come to oneself 醒来
8A 4-5
1. take action to do …
take the following actions to do
2. her effort
her efforts in this area
3. 药 medicine （不可数）
药片 pill (可数)
4. choose的用法
1) I want to choose a T-shirt. choose+目的
2) You can choose from these T-shirts. choose from +范围
3) You made a great choice. n.
5. The coat looks nice on you.
You look nice in the coat.
6. lose v. loss n. lost a.
7. weigh v. (weighed, weighed)
weight n.
8. smell v. 连系动词
a nice smell n.
smelly a. 臭的
9. leave sth. on one’s own/alone/by oneself 落下（忘记带走）
forget to do 没做（忘记要做）
forget doing 做了（做了忘了）
* remember to do 记得去做
remember doing 记得做过
*stop to do 停下来去做
stop doing 停止做
10. because +句子
because of +短语
I was late because it rained heavily. =because of the heavy rain.
11. 主将从现
从：条件句
主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时
关键连词：when, if, as soon as, until, unless
12. return to school (go back)
return the book (give …back)
13. nature n. 自然，本质
a nature reserve
natural a. 自然的
It is natural for him to be late again.
14. provide sth. for sb.
provide sb. with sth.
15. call sb. on
e-mail sb. at …
16. arrive in Nanjing (大于等于城市)
arrive at 小地方
arrival n.
His arrival surprised everyone.
*reach sp. =get to sp.
17. 现在进行时表示将来
地理位置发生变化
come, leave, return, go, arrive, move
一般现在时表示将来
列车时刻表The train leaves at 8.
日历 It is Wednesday tomorrow.
计划 He graduates this June.
*There will be a film tonight.
There is going to be a film tonight.
8A 6
1. The temperature is around/about 6 degrees centigrade.
2. show sb. around/about sp.
3. The temperature will be higher/lower.
4. The temperature will drop by 2 degrees centigrade to 5 degrees centigrade.
5. 不能同时存在的
because/since/as, so
although/though, but/however
8B 1-6
1. past的用法
1) n. past and present
2) prep. walk past the desk
3) adj. in the past time
2. lend, borrow
lend …to sb.
borrow …from sb.
*I want to keep the book for 2 more weeks. 借
3. ride 的用法
1) n. take a bus ride
2) I went to school by bike. =I rode to school. =I went to school on my bike.
ride-rode-ridden
4. 伴随
She came in, wearing a smile. 主动伴随
I like the dress made of silk. 被动伴随
5. experience
1) n. (U) 经验
teaching experience
2) n. (C) 经历
traveling experiences
6. 伴随
1) 主动伴随
She came in, wearing a smile.
2) 被动伴随
I like the dress made of silk.
7. use的用法
1) use …to do àbe used to do …=be used for doing
2) used to do 过去常常做
3) be used to doing 习惯于
8. come out 开花à出版
9. 被动语态
1) be done : is/am/are done, was/were done, will be done
2) 及物动词没有宾语；翻译中文
10. invite的用法
1) invite …to do
2) an invitation letter
11. seem的用法
1) You seem happy.
2) It seems to rain.
3) It seems that he will sleep soon.
àseem +a.
seem to do
It seems that …
12. a piece of work
a job
13. either A or B
neither A nor B 就近原则
14. 继续
carry on with sth.
go on with …
carry on doing =keep on doing =go on doing
continue to do
15. raise …for sb.
donate …to sb.
16. so, such
1) so tall a building
2) such a tall building
3) such great progress （进步）
4) so much water (little, much, many, few用so)
17. with的用法
1) a coat with a hat
2) sleep with eyes open
18. why=what for
Why are you here?
What are you here for?
9A 1
1. easy-going
outgoing, outdoor
2. 以ly结尾的形容词
lively, friendly, lovely, early, *likely
be likely to do àbe really likely to do
有可能做某事
It is likely to rain today.
3. forgive sb. for sth./doing sth.
4. around, about 的用法
about/around one thousand
show sb. around/about the house
5. to做介词后接doing
look forward to doing
be used to doing
pay attention to doing
devote…to doing
contribute …to doing
6. have的用法
have to do 不得不做。。。
have …to do (…常为名词)
have sb. do =let sb. do
have sth. done 让某事被别人做了
7. explain sth. to A for B
为了B向A解释某事
8. sleepy困的, asleep 睡着了
be sound/fast asleep 睡的香，睡的熟
fall asleep (fall, fell, fallen)
* awake a. 醒着的
v. awake sb. 叫醒某人
wake sb. up 叫醒某人
9. alone, lonely
I am alone. I live alone.
I feel lonely. a lonely house
*a开头的形容词只能放系动词后做表语
I am asleep.
10. see所代表的hear, notice, find的用法
1) see sb. do 全过程或频率 I like watching the fish swim around.
2) see sb. doing 正在发生 He was last seen walking down the street.
3) 被动语态to还原
See sb. do àsb. is seen to do
10. at a time 一次
Please take two pills at a time every day.
at all times 总是
You are lazy at all times.
at times =from time to time =sometimes
11. sometimes 有时
some times (some books) 几次
some time (some water) 一段时间
**sometime 某个时刻
I will visit you sometime next week.
13. 容易混淆
1) Live a./adv.
A live show a.
The show is covered live. Adv.
2) life （U., C.）
生活 U.
生命 C.
3) alive a. 活着的
He caught the fish alive.
4) lively
A lively lesson 生动活泼的
She is lively. 精力充沛
5) living things/animals
14. It is nice of you to help me. (You are nice.)
It is important for us to learn English. (We are important.)
一致 of
不一致 for
9A 2
1. 影响 affect v. effect n. (have an effect on…)
努力effort n.
Afford sth. /afford to do …负担的起
Afford that computer=afford to buy that computer
2. advise v. advise sb. to do
advice n.
a piece of advice
practice v. /n.
practise v. practise doing …
3. prefer àpreferred
4. weather 天气 (U. )
What bad weather!
climate 气候(通常可数)
live in cold climates
5. prefer to do
prefer A to B (A, B为名词或doing)
would rather do than do
I prefer to sleep than study.
6. look for 寻找
Find 找到
Find out 搞清楚
Search sp. 搜寻某地 （sp. 为范围）
The police ____him, but found nothing. [search sb. 搜身]
A. searched for B. searched
Search for sth. 搜寻的目的为。。。（sth. 为目的）
I search the Internet for useful information.
Discover 发现
Invent 发明
Create 创造（通常是精神上的，文学的，非物质的）
7. none的用法
概念：数量为0
1) none of
2) 回答how many, how much
3) Is there/Are there
9A 3-4
1. accept和receive
I received a gift from him but I didn’t accept it.
Receive v. 收到
Accept v. 接受
2. spare a. /v.
spare time =free time
spare me five minutes空5分钟给我
3. 去e: truth, truly，ninth
4. be worth doing
The book is worth reading.
5. quarrel with 吵架
argue with sb. about sth. 辩论
6. turn on 打开 turn up 调高
turn off 关掉 turn down 调低
turn …over 翻身
7. weekly, monthly, daily, yearly a.
8. up-to-date =latest
9. The man covered the floor of his room with books.
The floor of his room was covered with books.
The floor of his room was covered by the man.
àwith后接覆盖这个动作的材料
by 后接覆盖这个动作的发出者
10. on the right
You are right!
right in front of 正前方
*That’s right. 对的
That’s all right. 没关系
11. He is too young to go to school.
He is not old enough to go to school.
He is so young that he can’t go to school.
12. prize n. 奖金，奖品
award n. 奖项（头衔）
reward n. 回报
*Nobel Prize
13. There are boys playing football on the playground. àThere is/are sb. doing …
14. from 7 to 9=between 7 and 9
15. I will wait until you come.
I won’t leave until you come.
until连接的主句中动词必须可延续。
16.[选择题]
后was, were doingà用while
后didà用when
I was cooking ____he came in. [WHEN]
While: 强调两个动作同时进行。（两长）
When 一长一短
As 两短
17. He is as tall as his father.
He runs as quickly as his father.
He doesn’t run so/as quickly as his father.
9A 5-6
1. not only …but also
1）He plays not only the violin but also the piano.
2）He not only sings well but also dances well.
*就近原则
Not only he but also I am hard-working.
2. present
1）n. 礼物
2）a./n.(at the present moment; at present) 现在
出席（presence）
The present chairman is here. 目前的à放在名词前
The chairman present is nice. 出席的à放在名词后
3）v. present sb. with sth. 给某人某物
n. presentation
3. show n.
be on sh