不定式动名词用法归纳.doc

动词不定式，动名词用法归纳定义：是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。它不受到主语的人称和数的限制，它不受“现在、过去、将来”的时间限制分类：带to的不定式和不带to的不定式,肯定式to + v原形,否定式 not to +v原形 ,疑问式: 疑问词 + to +v原形1. 作主语 Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.It is not easy tolearnaforeignlanguage.2. It takes sb sometime to do sth=sb spend sometime doing sth有以下三种句型： 句型（1）不定式短语+谓语动词 句型（2）Its+形容词(人的品质特征)+ of逻辑主语+不定式短语 Its+形容词(事情性质)+for逻辑主语+不定式短语Its foolish/clever/kind of you to do this.Its important for you to learn English well.晚上睡得太晚对你的健康有害 _要他戒烟是不可能的。_-你和他那样（like that）说话真是太傻了。foolish2作宾语(位于及物动词后)Iforgottoturntheovenon.1）有如下动词：agree,ask, begin，decide, expect,forget,hate,hope，learn,like,love,offer,prefer ，refuse,start,try, want,wish，pretend,hope to do sth. hope sb. to do sth.() hope that +从句 2）主语+谓语动词+it+形容词+不定式 I find it important to study English well. 我们认为说谎(tell a lie)是不对的。我发现不可能在三天内把那项工作完成。3作宾补(位于宾语后)Willyouhelpmeplantthistree,please?1）get,ask,order,like,want,tell, know,help+sb. to do sth. 2）make,let(使役动词),see,watch,hear（感官动词）,have,feel,notice,listento,please+sb. do sth. Why not + v原形 had better+ v原形see,watch,hear（感官动词）+sb. doing强调状态(动作正在发生) see,watch,hear（感官动词）+sb. do强调动作(经常或已经发生)但是，这种句子改为被动语态的时候，除let外，应该改用带to的不定式。be made/seen/watched/heard to do sth.4不定式短语作定语时，必须放在名词,代词的后面，作后置定语Hehasalotofquestionstoask. 该上课了。_-你有一些吃的东西吗？Do you have anything to eat? Something to eat/drinkBeijing is a good place to go sightseeing.这是解决这个问题的最好办法。5作表语(位于be动词后)Disneysgreatestwishwastobeafamousartist.她的梦想是当一名歌手._我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。_6.作状语(位于不及物动词后,形容词be glad/happy/sorry/afaid等后) He ran for a long time and stopped to have a rest. Im sorry to be late for school. He is afraid to go out at night.7疑问词+不定式 I dont know what to do. / how to do it. /where to go /what to buy for him. /Why/when to leave.疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,why等后面加上不定式to，构成的一种不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语和表语等。8.有关用不定式改写句子A.so/such.that+否定从句可与too.to/not enough to转换She was so tierd that she could not stand_She was too tired to stand.This coat is so small that she cant wear._This coat is not big enough for her to wear.Would you tell me which way( I should )take?_Would you tell me which way to take.动名词肯定式doing,否定式 not doing No smoking No talking1. 做主语:Eating too much is bad for your health.2. 做宾语:1) 做动词宾语.如:like doing/ enjoying doing /finish doing /stop doing / mind doing /spend doing /practice doing /consider doing /forget doing /remember doing 2) 做介词宾语:go on doing /keep on doing / without doing / thanks for doing /end up doing /give up doing / what /how about doing 3. 位于形容词后:be busy doing /be worth doing /have trouble doing /have fun doing4. 做表语:位于be动词后:如.Her job is taking care of the children.3