不定式用法归纳.doc

不定式用法归纳 Mar 5, 2011
主要用法：
1) 主语
2) 表语
3) 宾语
4) 宾补
5) 定语
6) 状语
7) 疑问词 + 不定式
8) 不定式复合结构
9) 不定式主动表被动
10) it指代不定式
11) 不定式时态
12) 不定式的省略

一. 做主语
To see is to believe.
It feels good to be out here for a walk.
二. 作表语
To see is to believe.
My wish is to live peacefully.
三. 做宾语
I want to make a call.
He managed to pass the driving test.
区别：
try to do / doing 努力做 / 尝试做
stop to do / doing 停下一件事去做另一件事 / 停下正在做的事
remember (forget, regret) to do / doing 没有做用to do; 做过了用doing
mean to do / doing 打算做 / 意味着
go on to do / doing 接着做另一件事 / 继续做同一件事
四. 做宾补
感官动词 / 使役动词 + 宾语 + do （这里免to 的不定式作宾补）
常用的感官动词：see, hear, feel
常用的使役动词：have, let
They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood.
As you’ve never been here before, I’ll have someone show you the way. (90上海）
The mother felt herself grow cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006上海)
五. 作定语
用法1：不定式和被修饰词之间有动宾关系。
I don’t have a pen to write with.
There is nothing to worry about.
I’ve found a house to live in.
He gave me a chair to sit on.
I lit a candle to read by.
用法2：将要发生
In the few weeks to come, we’ll have more activities like this.
In the classes to follow, he’ll teach us more grammar.
The Chinese people are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing.
用法3：介词 + which / whom + to do
The poor man has no house in which he can live.

= The poor man has no house in which to live.
I want some money with which I can buy a book.
= I want some money with which to buy a book.
用法4: 序数词后用不定式。
She is always the first to get to school.
He is always the last to leave the classroom.
[高考]
— The last one_______ pays the meal.
— Agreed!
A．arrived B．arrives C．to arrive D．arriving ( C )
六. 做状语
(一) 目的状语
To realize my dream, I must work hard.
To sleep late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001春)
区别：to, in order to, so as to
(二) 结果状语
He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had gone.
He hurried to the booking office, only to be told that the tickets had been sold out.
结论：only to do 常用于结果状语，表示不太好的结果。
such … as to / so… as to 如此…以致
He is such a foolish man as to believe his wife.
He is so foolish as to believe his wife.
(三) 原因状语
I’m too happy to meet you.
You were silly not to have locked your car. (2004湖南)
We are proud to be young people of China.
(四) 主+ be + adj. + to do
本结构常用的形容词：easy, hard, comfortable, heavy, fit, pleasant, good…
Your question is hard to answer.
My classmates are easy to get along with.
The house is comfortable to live in.
The big desk is too heavy to move.
The head teacher is pleasant to work with.
The mushroom is good to eat.
The river is dangerous to bathe in.
结论：本结构中“to do” 和主语在逻辑上有动宾关系。
七. 疑问词 + 不定式
I don’t know what to do.
I don’t know how to answer the question.
How to divide the money will be discussed at the meeting.
结论：“疑问词 + 不定式”所构成的短语做主语,宾语等。
开阔眼界：
I’ve worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my new job. (2000)
The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (2002)
It’s said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it. (2002)
八. 不定式复合结构
It is + adj. + for sb to do
easy, hard, difficult, necessary…此结构用说明事情的形容词。
It’s hard for him to fulfill the task.
It is + adj. + of sb to do
kind, silly, polite, unwise…此结构用说明人的形容词。
It’s very kind of you to have helped me.
九. 主动表被动
用主动形式表被动含义。
I’m to blame. 我该受责备。（to blame 表示被责备）
This house is to let. 此房出租。（to let指被出租）
十. 有it做形式主语或形式宾语
It’s kind of you to help us. (it 做形式主语)
It feels good to be out here for a walk. (it 做形式主语)
I find it hard to please everyone. (it 做形式宾语)
I think it my duty to do my work well. (it 做形式宾语)
I feel it impossible to be happy every day. (it 做形式宾语)
十一. 不定式时态
一) 一般式: to do ( 主动 ) / to be done ( 被动 )
1. 表示现在
I’m glad to see you.
No one hopes to be punished.
2. 表将来
Remember to lock the door when you leave.
She was sent abroad to be educated.
(二) 完成式: to have done (主动) / to have been done (被动); 表示过去或完成。
He is said to have studied abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.(过去)
The book is said to have been translated into English. (完成)
(三) 进行式 to be doing
He pretends to be listening carefully.
He happened to be watering his garden when I got there.
十二. 不定式的省略
不定式的省略：省略to 后的内容。
---will you join me in a walk?
--- I’ll be glad to.
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
常见：have to, be able to, ought to, used to
注意：
She is a famous singer, as her mother used to be.
---Are you the manager?
---No, and I don’t want to be.
---He hasn’t finished yet.
---Well, he ought to have.
结论：不定式里有be 或 have done, 简答时保留be 和 have.

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